Santa Rosa weather in February
In February, Santa Rosa sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 443 mm of rain across 27.5 wet days and about 12.4 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Santa Rosa's 12th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Santa Rosa's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 443 mm
- 27.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 24 min
- 6:03 AM – 6:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 93%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.11 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month.
A typical February day in Santa Rosa reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 16 |
| 2 | 23 | 16 |
| 3 | 23 | 16 |
| 4 | 23 | 16 |
| 5 | 23 | 16 |
| 6 | 23 | 16 |
| 7 | 23 | 16 |
| 8 | 23 | 16 |
| 9 | 23 | 16 |
| 10 | 23 | 16 |
| 11 | 23 | 16 |
| 12 | 23 | 16 |
| 13 | 23 | 16 |
| 14 | 23 | 16 |
| 15 | 23 | 16 |
| 16 | 23 | 16 |
| 17 | 23 | 16 |
| 18 | 23 | 16 |
| 19 | 23 | 16 |
| 20 | 23 | 16 |
| 21 | 23 | 16 |
| 22 | 23 | 16 |
| 23 | 23 | 16 |
| 24 | 23 | 16 |
| 25 | 23 | 16 |
| 26 | 23 | 16 |
| 27 | 23 | 16 |
| 28 | 23 | 16 |
Santa Rosa weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23° / 16° | 481 | 30.3 | 12.6 | 3.5 |
| Feb | 23° / 16° | 443 | 27.5 | 12.4 | 3.4 |
| Mar | 23° / 16° | 337 | 30 | 12.1 | 3.6 |
| Apr | 24° / 15° | 220 | 27.6 | 11.8 | 3.9 |
| May | 23° / 15° | 153 | 25.4 | 11.5 | 4.4 |
| Jun | 23° / 14° | 98 | 19.7 | 11.4 | 5.3 |
| Jul | 23° / 13° | 82 | 16.4 | 11.4 | 5.9 |
| Aug | 23° / 13° | 89 | 17.4 | 11.6 | 5.9 |
| Sep | 24° / 14° | 134 | 22 | 11.9 | 5.0 |
| Oct | 24° / 15° | 231 | 28.5 | 12.2 | 3.9 |
| Nov | 24° / 16° | 317 | 28.6 | 12.5 | 3.6 |
| Dec | 23° / 16° | 433 | 30.2 | 12.6 | 3.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 98%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cloudier (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 98 |
| 2 | 2 | 98 |
| 3 | 2 | 98 |
| 4 | 2 | 98 |
| 5 | 2 | 98 |
| 6 | 2 | 98 |
| 7 | 2 | 98 |
| 8 | 2 | 98 |
| 9 | 2 | 98 |
| 10 | 2 | 98 |
| 11 | 1 | 99 |
| 12 | 1 | 99 |
| 13 | 1 | 99 |
| 14 | 1 | 99 |
| 15 | 1 | 99 |
| 16 | 1 | 99 |
| 17 | 1 | 99 |
| 18 | 2 | 98 |
| 19 | 2 | 98 |
| 20 | 2 | 98 |
| 21 | 2 | 98 |
| 22 | 2 | 98 |
| 23 | 2 | 98 |
| 24 | 2 | 98 |
| 25 | 2 | 98 |
| 26 | 2 | 98 |
| 27 | 2 | 98 |
| 28 | 2 | 98 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Santa Rosa gets around 443 mm of rain over 27.5 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 98% and peaks near 99% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 98 |
| 2 | 99 |
| 3 | 99 |
| 4 | 99 |
| 5 | 99 |
| 6 | 99 |
| 7 | 99 |
| 8 | 99 |
| 9 | 99 |
| 10 | 99 |
| 11 | 99 |
| 12 | 99 |
| 13 | 99 |
| 14 | 98 |
| 15 | 98 |
| 16 | 98 |
| 17 | 98 |
| 18 | 98 |
| 19 | 97 |
| 20 | 97 |
| 21 | 97 |
| 22 | 97 |
| 23 | 97 |
| 24 | 97 |
| 25 | 97 |
| 26 | 97 |
| 27 | 97 |
| 28 | 97 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 91% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Humid (%) | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Muggy (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 92 | 5 |
| 2 | 3 | 92 | 5 |
| 3 | 3 | 92 | 5 |
| 4 | 3 | 92 | 5 |
| 5 | 3 | 92 | 5 |
| 6 | 3 | 93 | 4 |
| 7 | 3 | 93 | 4 |
| 8 | 3 | 93 | 4 |
| 9 | 4 | 92 | 4 |
| 10 | 4 | 92 | 4 |
| 11 | 4 | 92 | 4 |
| 12 | 5 | 91 | 4 |
| 13 | 5 | 91 | 4 |
| 14 | 5 | 92 | 3 |
| 15 | 6 | 91 | 3 |
| 16 | 6 | 91 | 3 |
| 17 | 6 | 91 | 3 |
| 18 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 19 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 20 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 21 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 22 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 23 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 24 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 25 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 26 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 27 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
| 28 | 7 | 90 | 3 |
Wind in February
Winds average 3 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 3 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:59 AM to 6:06 AM, and sunset from 6:27 PM to 6:20 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.5 | 5:59 | 6:27 |
| 2 | 12.5 | 5:59 | 6:27 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 6:00 | 6:27 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 6:00 | 6:27 |
| 5 | 12.4 | 6:00 | 6:27 |
| 6 | 12.4 | 6:01 | 6:27 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 6:01 | 6:27 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 6:01 | 6:26 |
| 9 | 12.4 | 6:02 | 6:26 |
| 10 | 12.4 | 6:02 | 6:26 |
| 11 | 12.4 | 6:02 | 6:26 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 6:03 | 6:26 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 6:03 | 6:25 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 6:03 | 6:25 |
| 15 | 12.4 | 6:03 | 6:25 |
| 16 | 12.4 | 6:04 | 6:25 |
| 17 | 12.3 | 6:04 | 6:24 |
| 18 | 12.3 | 6:04 | 6:24 |
| 19 | 12.3 | 6:04 | 6:24 |
| 20 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:23 |
| 22 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:23 |
| 23 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:22 |
| 24 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:22 |
| 25 | 12.3 | 6:05 | 6:21 |
| 26 | 12.3 | 6:06 | 6:21 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:06 | 6:21 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:06 | 6:20 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.11 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.11 kWh/m² to a high of 5.29 kWh/m² in September across the year — February's 4.11 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.2 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Santa Rosa
In February, Santa Rosa sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Santa Rosa's rainy season runs October–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Santa Rosa?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Santa Rosa.
What to pack for Santa Rosa in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Santa Rosa sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 16°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes. About 28 days see rain.
UV index in Santa Rosa in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Santa Rosa peaks around February 11 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near September 13 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 16 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Air quality in Santa Rosa in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Santa Rosa is worst in September — around 29 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.2× the cleanest month (May, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 29 | 29 | 13 | 10 | 9 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Good |
| Feb | 10 | Good |
| Mar | 11 | Good |
| Apr | 10 | Good |
| May | 9 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 15 | Moderate |
| Aug | 29 | Moderate |
| Sep | 29 | Moderate |
| Oct | 13 | Moderate |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 9 | Good |
Where is Santa Rosa?
Santa Rosa sits at 10.9°S, 74.9°W, 524 m above sea level, in Peru. The nearest listed city is Satipo, 46 km away.
Topography around Santa Rosa
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Santa Rosa.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Santa Rosa has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 565 m around an average of 617 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,346 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,742 m.
The land around Santa Rosa is covered by trees (63%) within 3 km, trees (91%) within 16 km, and trees (89%) within 80 km.
Peru travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 51% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $9,684
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.6
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 13.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 519
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Santa Rosa (-10.9191°, -74.885°, elevation 524 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).