Selva Alegre weather in December
In December, Selva Alegre sees average daytime highs of 16°C and overnight lows near 7°C, with 108 mm of precipitation across 19.2 wet days and about 13 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 14°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of December to 13 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Selva Alegre's 9th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Selva Alegre's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 16°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 7°
- 12th coldest
- Precipitation
- 108 mm
- 19.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 hours
- 5:13 AM – 6:11 PM
- Cloud cover
- 80%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.31 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.7
- out of 10
Selva Alegre is city in Arequipa, Peru.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in December
Highs ease over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 14°C by the end.
A typical December day in Selva Alegre reaches about 16°C in the afternoon and slips back to 7°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 1°C cooler than November and about 2°C warmer than January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | 7 |
| 2 | 17 | 7 |
| 3 | 16 | 7 |
| 4 | 16 | 7 |
| 5 | 16 | 7 |
| 6 | 16 | 7 |
| 7 | 16 | 7 |
| 8 | 16 | 7 |
| 9 | 16 | 7 |
| 10 | 16 | 7 |
| 11 | 16 | 7 |
| 12 | 16 | 7 |
| 13 | 16 | 7 |
| 14 | 16 | 7 |
| 15 | 16 | 7 |
| 16 | 16 | 7 |
| 17 | 15 | 7 |
| 18 | 15 | 7 |
| 19 | 15 | 7 |
| 20 | 15 | 7 |
| 21 | 15 | 7 |
| 22 | 15 | 7 |
| 23 | 15 | 7 |
| 24 | 15 | 7 |
| 25 | 15 | 7 |
| 26 | 15 | 7 |
| 27 | 15 | 7 |
| 28 | 15 | 7 |
| 29 | 14 | 7 |
| 30 | 14 | 7 |
| 31 | 14 | 7 |
How December really feels in Selva Alegre
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
December sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Selva Alegre weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 7th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14° / 7° | 210 | 27.7 | 0.3 | 12.9 | 2.3 |
| Feb | 14° / 7° | 222 | 26.9 | 0.1 | 12.5 | 2.1 |
| Mar | 14° / 6° | 190 | 28.6 | 0 | 12.1 | 2.2 |
| Apr | 15° / 5° | 86 | 19.9 | 0 | 11.6 | 3.4 |
| May | 16° / 3° | 14 | 4.9 | 0 | 11.2 | 5.8 |
| Jun | 16° / 2° | 3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 11 | 6.5 |
| Jul | 16° / 1° | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 11.1 | 6.4 |
| Aug | 16° / 2° | 8 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 17° / 4° | 12 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 6.7 |
| Oct | 17° / 6° | 25 | 6.2 | 0.1 | 12.4 | 6.2 |
| Nov | 17° / 6° | 39 | 9.4 | 0.1 | 12.8 | 5.4 |
| Dec | 16° / 7° | 108 | 19.2 | 0.1 | 13 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 85%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Cloudier (%) | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 89 | 89 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 74 |
| 2 | 25 | 75 |
| 3 | 25 | 75 |
| 4 | 25 | 75 |
| 5 | 24 | 76 |
| 6 | 23 | 77 |
| 7 | 23 | 77 |
| 8 | 21 | 79 |
| 9 | 21 | 79 |
| 10 | 21 | 79 |
| 11 | 21 | 79 |
| 12 | 20 | 80 |
| 13 | 19 | 81 |
| 14 | 17 | 83 |
| 15 | 17 | 83 |
| 16 | 16 | 84 |
| 17 | 15 | 85 |
| 18 | 13 | 87 |
| 19 | 13 | 87 |
| 20 | 11 | 89 |
| 21 | 11 | 89 |
| 22 | 9 | 91 |
| 23 | 8 | 92 |
| 24 | 8 | 92 |
| 25 | 7 | 93 |
| 26 | 7 | 93 |
| 27 | 7 | 93 |
| 28 | 7 | 93 |
| 29 | 6 | 94 |
| 30 | 6 | 94 |
| 31 | 6 | 94 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Selva Alegre gets around 108 mm of rain and snow over 19.2 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 62% and peaks near 82% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 55 | 57 | 60 | 62 | 65 | 67 | 70 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 38 |
| 2 | 38 |
| 3 | 39 |
| 4 | 39 |
| 5 | 40 |
| 6 | 41 |
| 7 | 43 |
| 8 | 44 |
| 9 | 46 |
| 10 | 48 |
| 11 | 50 |
| 12 | 52 |
| 13 | 55 |
| 14 | 57 |
| 15 | 60 |
| 16 | 62 |
| 17 | 65 |
| 18 | 67 |
| 19 | 70 |
| 20 | 73 |
| 21 | 75 |
| 22 | 77 |
| 23 | 78 |
| 24 | 80 |
| 25 | 81 |
| 26 | 81 |
| 27 | 82 |
| 28 | 82 |
| 29 | 82 |
| 30 | 82 |
| 31 | 82 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 5 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
| 31 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of December to 13 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:09 AM to 5:20 AM, and sunset from 6:03 PM to 6:18 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:11 | 5:11 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:13 | 5:14 | 5:14 | 5:14 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:20 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 5:09 | 6:03 |
| 2 | 12.9 | 5:09 | 6:04 |
| 3 | 12.9 | 5:09 | 6:04 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 5:09 | 6:05 |
| 5 | 12.9 | 5:10 | 6:05 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 5:10 | 6:06 |
| 7 | 12.9 | 5:10 | 6:06 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 5:10 | 6:07 |
| 9 | 12.9 | 5:11 | 6:08 |
| 10 | 13.0 | 5:11 | 6:08 |
| 11 | 13.0 | 5:11 | 6:09 |
| 12 | 13.0 | 5:12 | 6:09 |
| 13 | 13.0 | 5:12 | 6:10 |
| 14 | 13.0 | 5:12 | 6:10 |
| 15 | 13.0 | 5:13 | 6:11 |
| 16 | 13.0 | 5:13 | 6:11 |
| 17 | 13.0 | 5:14 | 6:12 |
| 18 | 13.0 | 5:14 | 6:12 |
| 19 | 13.0 | 5:14 | 6:13 |
| 20 | 13.0 | 5:15 | 6:13 |
| 21 | 13.0 | 5:15 | 6:14 |
| 22 | 13.0 | 5:16 | 6:14 |
| 23 | 13.0 | 5:16 | 6:15 |
| 24 | 13.0 | 5:17 | 6:15 |
| 25 | 13.0 | 5:17 | 6:16 |
| 26 | 13.0 | 5:18 | 6:16 |
| 27 | 13.0 | 5:18 | 6:17 |
| 28 | 13.0 | 5:19 | 6:17 |
| 29 | 13.0 | 5:19 | 6:17 |
| 30 | 13.0 | 5:20 | 6:18 |
| 31 | 13.0 | 5:20 | 6:18 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 7.31 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.46 kWh/m² to a high of 8.26 kWh/m² in November across the year — December's 7.31 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 2 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 6 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 31 | 6.5 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Selva Alegre
In December, Selva Alegre sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Selva Alegre's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is December a good time to visit Selva Alegre?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Selva Alegre.
What to pack for Selva Alegre in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Selva Alegre sees daytime highs around 16°C and nights near 7°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer. About 19 days see rain.
UV index in Selva Alegre in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Selva Alegre peaks around February 8 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 16 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Where is Selva Alegre?
Selva Alegre sits at 16.4°S, 71.5°W, 2,455 m above sea level, in Peru. The nearest listed city is Arequipa, 3.0 km away.
Topography around Selva Alegre
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Selva Alegre.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Selva Alegre has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 471 m around an average of 2,490 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,849 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,158 m.
The land around Selva Alegre is covered by artificial surfaces (55%) and bare terrain (24%) within 3 km, bare terrain (38%) and shrubs (30%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (65%) and grassland (21%) within 80 km.
Peru travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 51% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $9,684
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.6
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 13.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 519
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Selva Alegre (-16.3706°, -71.5272°, elevation 2,455 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).