Psie Pole weather in February
In February, Psie Pole sees average daytime highs of 4°C and overnight lows near -2°C, with 36 mm of precipitation across 9.1 wet days and about 9.6 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 3°C in the first days to 5°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 54 min at the start of February to 10 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Psie Pole's 9th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Psie Pole's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 4°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -2°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 36 mm
- 9.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 42 min
- 7:17 AM – 4:56 PM
- Cloud cover
- 75%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.58 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 3°C in the first days to 5°C by the end.
A typical February day in Psie Pole reaches about 4°C in the afternoon and slips back to -2°C overnight — a 6°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -2°C and 10°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg low (°C) | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | -3 |
| 2 | 3 | -3 |
| 3 | 3 | -3 |
| 4 | 3 | -2 |
| 5 | 3 | -2 |
| 6 | 3 | -2 |
| 7 | 3 | -2 |
| 8 | 3 | -2 |
| 9 | 3 | -2 |
| 10 | 3 | -2 |
| 11 | 3 | -2 |
| 12 | 4 | -2 |
| 13 | 4 | -2 |
| 14 | 4 | -2 |
| 15 | 4 | -2 |
| 16 | 4 | -2 |
| 17 | 4 | -2 |
| 18 | 4 | -2 |
| 19 | 4 | -2 |
| 20 | 4 | -2 |
| 21 | 5 | -1 |
| 22 | 5 | -1 |
| 23 | 5 | -1 |
| 24 | 5 | -1 |
| 25 | 5 | -1 |
| 26 | 5 | -1 |
| 27 | 6 | -1 |
| 28 | 6 | -1 |
How February really feels in Psie Pole
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Psie Pole weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2° / -2° | 44 | 11.2 | 4.9 | 8.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 4° / -2° | 36 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 8° / 1° | 48 | 11.3 | 3.1 | 11.5 | 1.4 |
| Apr | 14° / 5° | 37 | 9.2 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 4.3 |
| May | 19° / 9° | 58 | 11.1 | 0.1 | 15.3 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 22° / 13° | 71 | 11.4 | 0 | 16.2 | 6.4 |
| Jul | 25° / 14° | 90 | 12.4 | 0 | 15.9 | 6.5 |
| Aug | 24° / 14° | 62 | 10.4 | 0 | 14.4 | 6.8 |
| Sep | 19° / 10° | 57 | 9.7 | 0 | 12.4 | 6.1 |
| Oct | 14° / 6° | 47 | 9.1 | 0.1 | 10.4 | 3.8 |
| Nov | 7° / 2° | 41 | 9.1 | 1.9 | 8.7 | 1.1 |
| Dec | 3° / -1° | 42 | 10.3 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 75%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 |
| Cloudier (%) | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 75 |
| 2 | 25 | 75 |
| 3 | 25 | 75 |
| 4 | 26 | 74 |
| 5 | 25 | 75 |
| 6 | 26 | 74 |
| 7 | 25 | 75 |
| 8 | 25 | 75 |
| 9 | 25 | 75 |
| 10 | 25 | 75 |
| 11 | 24 | 76 |
| 12 | 24 | 76 |
| 13 | 24 | 76 |
| 14 | 24 | 76 |
| 15 | 24 | 76 |
| 16 | 24 | 76 |
| 17 | 25 | 75 |
| 18 | 25 | 75 |
| 19 | 25 | 75 |
| 20 | 25 | 75 |
| 21 | 26 | 74 |
| 22 | 26 | 74 |
| 23 | 26 | 74 |
| 24 | 27 | 73 |
| 25 | 28 | 72 |
| 26 | 28 | 72 |
| 27 | 28 | 72 |
| 28 | 29 | 71 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Psie Pole gets around 36 mm of rain and snow over 9.1 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 33% and peaks near 35% on the wettest days, and about 4 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 |
| Snow chance (%) | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 15 |
| 2 | 32 | 15 |
| 3 | 32 | 14 |
| 4 | 32 | 14 |
| 5 | 32 | 14 |
| 6 | 31 | 14 |
| 7 | 31 | 14 |
| 8 | 31 | 15 |
| 9 | 31 | 15 |
| 10 | 31 | 15 |
| 11 | 32 | 16 |
| 12 | 32 | 16 |
| 13 | 32 | 17 |
| 14 | 33 | 17 |
| 15 | 34 | 17 |
| 16 | 34 | 17 |
| 17 | 34 | 18 |
| 18 | 35 | 17 |
| 19 | 35 | 17 |
| 20 | 35 | 17 |
| 21 | 35 | 17 |
| 22 | 35 | 16 |
| 23 | 35 | 16 |
| 24 | 34 | 15 |
| 25 | 34 | 14 |
| 26 | 34 | 14 |
| 27 | 34 | 13 |
| 28 | 33 | 13 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 14 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 15 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | light breeze |
| 2 | 15 | light breeze |
| 3 | 15 | light breeze |
| 4 | 15 | light breeze |
| 5 | 15 | light breeze |
| 6 | 15 | light breeze |
| 7 | 15 | light breeze |
| 8 | 15 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 8 h 54 min at the start of February to 10 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 96 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:40 AM to 6:51 AM, and sunset from 4:31 PM to 5:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:40 | 7:38 | 7:37 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:22 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:17 | 7:15 | 7:13 | 7:11 | 7:09 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:04 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:58 | 6:55 | 6:53 | 6:51 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:31 | 4:33 | 4:35 | 4:36 | 4:38 | 4:40 | 4:42 | 4:43 | 4:45 | 4:47 | 4:49 | 4:51 | 4:52 | 4:54 | 4:56 | 4:58 | 5:00 | 5:01 | 5:03 | 5:05 | 5:07 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:12 | 5:14 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.9 | 7:40 | 4:31 |
| 2 | 8.9 | 7:38 | 4:33 |
| 3 | 9.0 | 7:37 | 4:35 |
| 4 | 9.0 | 7:35 | 4:36 |
| 5 | 9.1 | 7:34 | 4:38 |
| 6 | 9.1 | 7:32 | 4:40 |
| 7 | 9.2 | 7:31 | 4:42 |
| 8 | 9.2 | 7:29 | 4:43 |
| 9 | 9.3 | 7:27 | 4:45 |
| 10 | 9.4 | 7:26 | 4:47 |
| 11 | 9.4 | 7:24 | 4:49 |
| 12 | 9.5 | 7:22 | 4:51 |
| 13 | 9.5 | 7:20 | 4:52 |
| 14 | 9.6 | 7:19 | 4:54 |
| 15 | 9.7 | 7:17 | 4:56 |
| 16 | 9.7 | 7:15 | 4:58 |
| 17 | 9.8 | 7:13 | 5:00 |
| 18 | 9.8 | 7:11 | 5:01 |
| 19 | 9.9 | 7:09 | 5:03 |
| 20 | 10.0 | 7:07 | 5:05 |
| 21 | 10.0 | 7:06 | 5:07 |
| 22 | 10.1 | 7:04 | 5:09 |
| 23 | 10.1 | 7:02 | 5:10 |
| 24 | 10.2 | 7:00 | 5:12 |
| 25 | 10.3 | 6:58 | 5:14 |
| 26 | 10.3 | 6:55 | 5:16 |
| 27 | 10.4 | 6:53 | 5:17 |
| 28 | 10.5 | 6:51 | 5:19 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 1.58 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.65 kWh/m² to a high of 5.44 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 1.58 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 25 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 26 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.1 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Psie Pole?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Psie Pole.
What to pack for Psie Pole in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Psie Pole sees daytime highs around 4°C and nights near -2°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Psie Pole in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Psie Pole peaks around June 19 at about 7 (high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Psie Pole in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Psie Pole is worst in June — around 15 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.8× the cleanest month (December, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 10 | 11 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Good |
| Feb | 11 | Good |
| Mar | 14 | Moderate |
| Apr | 15 | Moderate |
| May | 14 | Moderate |
| Jun | 15 | Moderate |
| Jul | 14 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 12 | Good |
| Oct | 10 | Good |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 9 | Good |
Where is Psie Pole?
Psie Pole sits at 51.1°N, 17.0°E, 111 m above sea level, in Poland. The nearest listed city is Różanka-Polanka, 1.0 km away.
Topography around Psie Pole
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Psie Pole.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Psie Pole has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 24 m around an average of 117 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 148 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 939 m.
The land around Psie Pole is covered by trees (36%), artificial surfaces (34%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, cropland (37%) and trees (28%) within 16 km, and cropland (53%) and trees (32%) within 80 km.
Poland travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 52% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $28,420
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 9.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 600
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Psie Pole (51.1459°, 17.0352°, elevation 111 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).