Climate and average weather in Caldas da Rainha
In Caldas da Rainha, the summers are warm, dry, and clear and the winters are cool and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Caldas da Rainha typically varies from 10°C to 23°C, and is rarely below 7°C or above 27°C. August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Caldas da Rainha for warm-weather activities is from late May to early October.
- Hottest
- Aug
- 23°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 10°
- Wettest
- Nov
- 88 mm
- Driest
- Jul
- 6 mm
- Rain / yr
- 590 mm
- 87 wet days
- Daylight
- 9.2–14.8 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 60 m
- 39.4°N
- Clearest
- Jul
- 28% cloud
Caldas da Rainha is human settlement in Portugal.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Caldas da Rainha weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late May to early October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Caldas da Rainha, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 3.9 months, from June 10 to October 7, with daily high temperatures above 21°C. The hottest month of the year in Caldas da Rainha is August, with an average high of 23°C and low of 18°C.
The cool season lasts 3.4 months, from November 26 to March 8, with daily high temperatures below 15°C. The coldest month of the year in Caldas da Rainha is January, with an average low of 10°C and high of 14°C.
Days typically run about 4°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 14 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 17 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | 10 |
| Feb | 14 | 11 |
| Mar | 16 | 12 |
| Apr | 17 | 13 |
| May | 19 | 14 |
| Jun | 21 | 16 |
| Jul | 22 | 17 |
| Aug | 23 | 18 |
| Sep | 22 | 17 |
| Oct | 20 | 16 |
| Nov | 17 | 13 |
| Dec | 15 | 11 |
Average hourly temperature in Caldas da Rainha
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on August afternoons, near 23°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 10°C.
Caldas da Rainha weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14° / 10° | 77 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 4.0 |
| Feb | 14° / 11° | 55 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 4.4 |
| Mar | 16° / 12° | 53 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 5.2 |
| Apr | 17° / 13° | 54 | 9.3 | 13 | 5.6 |
| May | 19° / 14° | 45 | 7.2 | 14.1 | 6.7 |
| Jun | 21° / 16° | 14 | 3.6 | 14.7 | 7.7 |
| Jul | 22° / 17° | 6 | 1.8 | 14.5 | 8.6 |
| Aug | 23° / 18° | 7 | 1.8 | 13.5 | 8.7 |
| Sep | 22° / 17° | 31 | 4.8 | 12.3 | 7.8 |
| Oct | 20° / 16° | 82 | 10 | 11 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 17° / 13° | 88 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 5.2 |
| Dec | 15° / 11° | 79 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 4.4 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Caldas da Rainha gets about 590 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is some rain, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 7.4 months, from around Oct 4 to May 15, peaking in October at about 38% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jul 19.
November is the wettest month by volume, with 88 mm over about 11 wet days; July is the driest, with 6 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 33 | 30 | 27 | 30 | 23 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 33 | 37 | 33 |
| Rain days | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 10 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 33 | 10 |
| Feb | 30 | 8 |
| Mar | 27 | 9 |
| Apr | 30 | 9 |
| May | 23 | 7 |
| Jun | 13 | 4 |
| Jul | 6 | 2 |
| Aug | 6 | 2 |
| Sep | 16 | 5 |
| Oct | 33 | 10 |
| Nov | 37 | 11 |
| Dec | 33 | 10 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Caldas da Rainha collects about 590 mm of rain across 87 wet days — roughly 49 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. November is the wettest month with 88 mm, while July is the driest at just 6 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 42% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 77 | 55 | 53 | 54 | 45 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 31 | 82 | 88 | 79 |
| Rain days | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 10 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 77 | 10 |
| Feb | 55 | 8 |
| Mar | 53 | 9 |
| Apr | 54 | 9 |
| May | 45 | 7 |
| Jun | 14 | 4 |
| Jul | 6 | 2 |
| Aug | 7 | 2 |
| Sep | 31 | 5 |
| Oct | 82 | 10 |
| Nov | 88 | 11 |
| Dec | 79 | 10 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Caldas da Rainha, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 16 and lasts for 4.7 months, ending around October 5. The clearest month is August, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 85% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 6 and lasts for 7.3 months, ending around May 15. The cloudiest month is December, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 53% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 50 | 51 | 56 | 58 | 63 | 74 | 84 | 85 | 75 | 56 | 51 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 50 | 49 | 44 | 42 | 37 | 26 | 16 | 15 | 25 | 44 | 49 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 50 | 50 |
| Feb | 51 | 49 |
| Mar | 56 | 44 |
| Apr | 58 | 42 |
| May | 63 | 37 |
| Jun | 74 | 26 |
| Jul | 84 | 16 |
| Aug | 85 | 15 |
| Sep | 75 | 25 |
| Oct | 56 | 44 |
| Nov | 51 | 49 |
| Dec | 47 | 53 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 15, brings about 14 h 48 min of light; the shortest, around December 14, only 9 h 12 min — a swing of roughly 5 h 36 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.5 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 13.5 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 9.8 | 9.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:01 | 7:37 | 6:56 | 6:06 | 5:28 | 5:14 | 5:26 | 5:54 | 6:23 | 6:53 | 7:28 | 7:56 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:31 | 6:05 | 6:37 | 7:08 | 7:37 | 8:00 | 7:58 | 7:27 | 6:38 | 5:50 | 5:16 | 5:10 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.5 | 8:01 | 5:31 |
| Feb | 10.5 | 7:37 | 6:05 |
| Mar | 11.7 | 6:56 | 6:37 |
| Apr | 13.0 | 6:06 | 7:08 |
| May | 14.1 | 5:28 | 7:37 |
| Jun | 14.7 | 5:14 | 8:00 |
| Jul | 14.5 | 5:26 | 7:58 |
| Aug | 13.5 | 5:54 | 7:27 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 6:23 | 6:38 |
| Oct | 11.0 | 6:53 | 5:50 |
| Nov | 9.8 | 7:28 | 5:16 |
| Dec | 9.3 | 7:56 | 5:10 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Caldas da Rainha averages about 14 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 9 and 23 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 4.3 months, from around May 27 to Oct 3. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 21 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is December, down near 10 sunny days — about 54% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 22 | 22 | 17 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| Sky | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Mixed |
| Feb | 10 | Mixed |
| Mar | 12 | Mixed |
| Apr | 11 | Mixed |
| May | 13 | Mixed |
| Jun | 16 | Bright |
| Jul | 22 | Bright |
| Aug | 22 | Bright |
| Sep | 17 | Bright |
| Oct | 12 | Mixed |
| Nov | 10 | Mixed |
| Dec | 10 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Caldas da Rainha, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 4.7 months, from around June 10 to October 31. The muggiest month is August, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 71% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around November 1 to June 9, and January is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 92 | 96 | 95 | 84 | 56 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 26 | 67 | 87 |
| Comfortable (%) | 8 | 4 | 5 | 16 | 38 | 53 | 37 | 27 | 35 | 42 | 26 | 13 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 27 | 56 | 63 | 52 | 30 | 7 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 92 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 95 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 84 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 56 | 38 | 6 | 0 |
| Jun | 19 | 53 | 27 | 1 |
| Jul | 4 | 37 | 56 | 3 |
| Aug | 2 | 27 | 63 | 8 |
| Sep | 8 | 35 | 52 | 6 |
| Oct | 26 | 42 | 30 | 2 |
| Nov | 67 | 26 | 7 | 0 |
| Dec | 87 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Caldas da Rainha is typically light breeze, near 19 km/h, and varies little with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 2.6 months, from around May 30 to Aug 17. The windiest month is July, averaging about 21 km/h (breezy).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Aug 18 to Nov 22, with September the calmest month at about 17 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 19 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | breezy | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | light breeze |
| Feb | 19 | light breeze |
| Mar | 19 | light breeze |
| Apr | 19 | light breeze |
| May | 19 | light breeze |
| Jun | 20 | light breeze |
| Jul | 21 | breezy |
| Aug | 19 | light breeze |
| Sep | 17 | light breeze |
| Oct | 17 | light breeze |
| Nov | 19 | light breeze |
| Dec | 19 | light breeze |
Best time to visit Caldas da Rainha
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Caldas da Rainha throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late September, Caldas da Rainha is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Caldas da Rainha for general outdoor tourist activities is from late May to early October, with a peak score in the first week of August.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 4.1 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 4.4 |
| Rating | fair | fair | fair | good | good | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | good | fair | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.1 | fair |
| Feb | 4.4 | fair |
| Mar | 5.2 | fair |
| Apr | 5.6 | good |
| May | 6.6 | good |
| Jun | 7.7 | ideal |
| Jul | 8.6 | ideal |
| Aug | 8.7 | ideal |
| Sep | 7.8 | ideal |
| Oct | 6.4 | good |
| Nov | 5.2 | fair |
| Dec | 4.4 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Caldas da Rainha for hot-weather activities is from late June to mid September, with a peak score in the second week of August.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Caldas da Rainha, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around August (highs near 23°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 14°C), pack a warm layer and rain gear.
In August, Caldas da Rainha sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 18°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes.
Sea temperature near Caldas da Rainha
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 21 km away) is warmest in August at about 19°C and coldest in February near 14°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 15 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Bracing |
| Feb | 14 | Bracing |
| Mar | 14 | Bracing |
| Apr | 15 | Bracing |
| May | 16 | Cool |
| Jun | 18 | Cool |
| Jul | 18 | Cool |
| Aug | 19 | Cool |
| Sep | 19 | Cool |
| Oct | 18 | Cool |
| Nov | 17 | Cool |
| Dec | 15 | Cool |
UV index (midday) in Caldas da Rainha by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Caldas da Rainha peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Caldas da Rainha
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in July the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 5.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 5.5 | 0 |
| Apr | 7 | 3.5 |
| May | 7.5 | 3.5 |
| Jun | 8 | 5 |
| Jul | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 6 | 0 |
| Oct | 4.5 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Growing season
Caldas da Rainha is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Caldas da Rainha banks about 2,227 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 64 | 67 | 115 | 139 | 200 | 256 | 301 | 317 | 287 | 243 | 147 | 91 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 64 |
| Feb | 67 |
| Mar | 115 |
| Apr | 139 |
| May | 200 |
| Jun | 256 |
| Jul | 301 |
| Aug | 317 |
| Sep | 287 |
| Oct | 243 |
| Nov | 147 |
| Dec | 91 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Caldas da Rainha receives about 4.7 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.9 and 7.5 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.1 months, from around Mar 20 to Sep 22. The brightest month is July, averaging about 7.4 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 2.0 kWh/m² — roughly 73% less than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.9 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3.2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4.5 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.7 | Bright |
| May | 6.7 | Intense |
| Jun | 7.3 | Intense |
| Jul | 7.4 | Intense |
| Aug | 6.6 | Intense |
| Sep | 5.2 | Bright |
| Oct | 3.5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1.9 | Dim |
Where is Caldas da Rainha?
Caldas da Rainha sits at 39.4°N, 9.1°W, 60 m above sea level, in Portugal. The nearest listed city is Peniche, 22 km away.
Topography around Caldas da Rainha
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Caldas da Rainha.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Caldas da Rainha has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 141 m around an average of 61 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 329 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 673 m.
The land around Caldas da Rainha is covered by grassland (39%), trees (33%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, trees (43%) and grassland (30%) within 16 km, and water (32%), trees (31%) and grassland (26%) within 80 km.
Portugal travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 60% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $32,082
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 95%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 8.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 612
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Caldas da Rainha (39.4033°, -9.1384°, elevation 60 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).