Carnaxide weather in May

In May, Carnaxide sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 42 mm of rain across 5.9 wet days and about 14.1 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 21°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in May, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 13 h 36 min at the start of May to 14 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, May is Carnaxide's 5th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Carnaxide's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 19°; 6th warmest
Overnight low: 14°; 7th coldest
Rainfall: 42 mm; 5.9 wet days
Daylight: 14 h 06 min; 5:30 AM – 7:36 PM
Cloud cover: 43%; 5th clearest
Wind: 18 km/h; 4th windiest
Solar energy: 6.76 kWh/m²
Travel score: 7.1; out of 10

Carnaxide is human settlement in Portugal.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← April Carnaxide year-round climate June →Best places to visit in May

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in May

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 21°C by the end.

A typical May day in Carnaxide reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, May runs about 2°C warmer than April and about 3°C cooler than June.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	18	18	18	18	18	18	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	21	21	21	21	21
Avg low (°C)	13	13	13	13	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	13
2	18	13
3	18	13
4	18	13
5	18	13
6	18	13
7	19	14
8	19	14
9	19	14
10	19	14
11	19	14
12	19	14
13	19	14
14	19	14
15	19	14
16	19	14
17	20	14
18	20	14
19	20	14
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	21	15
28	21	15
29	21	15
30	21	15
31	21	15

Carnaxide weather by month

How May compares with the rest of the year at a glance. May is the 6th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	14° / 10°	68	8.9	9.6	4.2
Feb	15° / 10°	51	7.5	10.5	4.6
Mar	16° / 11°	53	8.1	11.7	5.5
Apr	17° / 12°	51	8.4	13	6.0
May	19° / 14°	42	5.9	14.1	7.1
Jun	22° / 16°	10	2.1	14.7	8.4
Jul	24° / 18°	2	0.6	14.4	9.3
Aug	24° / 18°	4	1	13.5	9.2
Sep	23° / 17°	29	4.1	12.3	8.3
Oct	20° / 16°	77	8.9	11	6.7
Nov	17° / 13°	82	10.2	9.9	5.5
Dec	15° / 11°	79	9.4	9.3	4.5

Cloud cover in May

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in May.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of May, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 33%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	62	63	63	63	63	63	64	64	64	65	65	65	66	67	67	68	68	68	68	69	69	70	70	71	70	70	71	71	71	71	71
Cloudier (%)	38	37	37	37	37	37	36	36	36	35	35	35	34	33	33	32	32	32	32	31	31	30	30	29	30	30	29	29	29	29	29

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	62	38
2	63	37
3	63	37
4	63	37
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	64	36
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	66	34
14	67	33
15	67	33
16	68	32
17	68	32
18	68	32
19	68	32
20	69	31
21	69	31
22	70	30
23	70	30
24	71	29
25	70	30
26	70	30
27	71	29
28	71	29
29	71	29
30	71	29
31	71	29

Chance of precipitation in May

Any precipitation

Carnaxide gets around 42 mm of rain over 5.9 wet days in May. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 19% and peaks near 24% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	24	24	24	24	24	24	23	23	23	22	22	22	21	21	20	20	19	18	18	17	17	16	16	15	15	14	13	13	13	12	12

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	23
8	23
9	23
10	22
11	22
12	22
13	21
14	21
15	20
16	20
17	19
18	18
19	18
20	17
21	17
22	16
23	16
24	15
25	15
26	14
27	13
28	13
29	13
30	12
31	12

Humidity in May

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of May feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, May lands in the dry band about 60% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	77	77	76	75	75	74	73	71	70	69	68	66	65	64	63	61	60	58	57	56	54	53	51	51	49	47	46	45	44	42	41
Comfortable (%)	22	22	23	24	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	38	39	40	41	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48
Humid (%)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	5	5	6	7	7	8	8	9	9	10	10	10	11	11

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	77	22	1
2	77	22	1
3	76	23	1
4	75	24	1
5	75	24	1
6	74	25	1
7	73	26	1
8	71	27	2
9	70	28	2
10	69	29	2
11	68	30	2
12	66	31	3
13	65	32	3
14	64	33	3
15	63	34	3
16	61	35	4
17	60	36	4
18	58	37	5
19	57	38	5
20	56	38	6
21	54	39	7
22	53	40	7
23	51	41	8
24	51	41	8
25	49	42	9
26	47	43	9
27	46	44	10
28	45	45	10
29	44	46	10
30	42	47	11
31	41	48	11

Wind in May

Winds average 18 km/h in May.

Across May, daily wind ranges from about 18 km/h on the calmest days to 18 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	18	light breeze
2	18	light breeze
3	18	light breeze
4	18	light breeze
5	18	light breeze
6	18	light breeze
7	18	light breeze
8	18	light breeze
9	18	light breeze
10	18	light breeze
11	18	light breeze
12	18	light breeze
13	18	light breeze
14	18	light breeze
15	18	light breeze
16	18	light breeze
17	18	light breeze
18	18	light breeze
19	18	light breeze
20	18	light breeze
21	18	light breeze
22	18	light breeze
23	18	light breeze
24	18	light breeze
25	18	light breeze
26	18	light breeze
27	18	light breeze
28	18	light breeze
29	18	light breeze
30	18	light breeze
31	18	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in May

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 13 h 36 min at the start of May to 14 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 54 minutes over May. Sunrise moves from 5:46 AM to 5:20 AM, and sunset from 7:22 PM to 7:49 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	13.6	13.6	13.7	13.7	13.7	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.9	13.9	13.9	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.1	14.1	14.1	14.2	14.2	14.2	14.2	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.5	14.5
Sunrise (AM)	5:46	5:45	5:44	5:43	5:41	5:40	5:39	5:38	5:37	5:36	5:35	5:34	5:33	5:32	5:31	5:30	5:29	5:28	5:28	5:27	5:26	5:25	5:25	5:24	5:23	5:23	5:22	5:21	5:21	5:20	5:20
Sunset (PM)	7:22	7:23	7:24	7:25	7:26	7:27	7:28	7:29	7:30	7:31	7:32	7:33	7:34	7:34	7:35	7:36	7:37	7:38	7:39	7:40	7:41	7:42	7:42	7:43	7:44	7:45	7:46	7:47	7:47	7:48	7:49

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	13.6	5:46	7:22
2	13.6	5:45	7:23
3	13.7	5:44	7:24
4	13.7	5:43	7:25
5	13.7	5:41	7:26
6	13.8	5:40	7:27
7	13.8	5:39	7:28
8	13.8	5:38	7:29
9	13.9	5:37	7:30
10	13.9	5:36	7:31
11	13.9	5:35	7:32
12	14.0	5:34	7:33
13	14.0	5:33	7:34
14	14.0	5:32	7:34
15	14.1	5:31	7:35
16	14.1	5:30	7:36
17	14.1	5:29	7:37
18	14.2	5:28	7:38
19	14.2	5:28	7:39
20	14.2	5:27	7:40
21	14.2	5:26	7:41
22	14.3	5:25	7:42
23	14.3	5:25	7:42
24	14.3	5:24	7:43
25	14.3	5:23	7:44
26	14.4	5:23	7:45
27	14.4	5:22	7:46
28	14.4	5:21	7:47
29	14.4	5:21	7:47
30	14.5	5:20	7:48
31	14.5	5:20	7:49

Solar energy in May

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in May, about 6.76 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.01 kWh/m² to a high of 7.59 kWh/m² in July across the year — May's 6.76 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.3	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
Level	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.3	Intense
2	6.4	Intense
3	6.4	Intense
4	6.4	Intense
5	6.4	Intense
6	6.5	Intense
7	6.5	Intense
8	6.5	Intense
9	6.5	Intense
10	6.6	Intense
11	6.6	Intense
12	6.7	Intense
13	6.7	Intense
14	6.7	Intense
15	6.8	Intense
16	6.8	Intense
17	6.8	Intense
18	6.8	Intense
19	6.9	Intense
20	6.9	Intense
21	6.9	Intense
22	6.9	Intense
23	7.0	Intense
24	7.0	Intense
25	7.0	Intense
26	7.0	Intense
27	7.0	Intense
28	7.1	Intense
29	7.1	Intense
30	7.1	Intense
31	7.1	Intense

Planning a trip in May

Is May a good time to visit Carnaxide?

Our two travel scores rate May for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

7.1

Sightseeing

5th-best month of the year

3.4

Beach & pool

6th-best month of the year

May is one of the better times to visit Carnaxide for general sightseeing.

What to pack for Carnaxide in May

From May's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In May, Carnaxide sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 14°C. Pack sun protection. About 6 days see rain.

sun protection

Sea temperature near Carnaxide in May

The nearest coast averages about 16°C in May — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea at the nearest coast (about 16 km away) is warmest in September at about 19°C and coldest in February near 15°C.

The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	15	15	15	15	16	18	18	19	19	18	17	16
Comfort	Cool	Bracing	Bracing	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	15	Cool
Feb	15	Bracing
Mar	15	Bracing
Apr	15	Cool
May	16	Cool
Jun	18	Cool
Jul	18	Cool
Aug	19	Cool
Sep	19	Cool
Oct	18	Cool
Nov	17	Cool
Dec	16	Cool

UV index in Carnaxide in May

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in May peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Carnaxide peaks around July 15 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 2 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	2	3	6	8	7	9	9	9	6	5	3	2
Level	Low	Moderate	High	Very high	Very high	Very high	Very high	Very high	High	High	Moderate	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	2	Low
Feb	3	Moderate
Mar	6	High
Apr	8	Very high
May	7	Very high
Jun	9	Very high
Jul	9	Very high
Aug	9	Very high
Sep	6	High
Oct	5	High
Nov	3	Moderate
Dec	2	Low

Location & terrain

Where is Carnaxide?

Carnaxide sits at 38.7°N, 9.2°W, 82 m above sea level, in Portugal. The nearest listed city is Linda-a-Velha, 1.0 km away.

Topography around Carnaxide

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Carnaxide.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Carnaxide has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 210 m around an average of 94 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 515 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 656 m.

The land around Carnaxide is covered by artificial surfaces (45%), trees (29%) and grassland (22%) within 3 km, water (30%) and artificial surfaces (29%) within 16 km, and water (43%) and grassland (28%) within 80 km.

3 km

210 m

artificial surfaces 45%

16 km

515 m

water 30%

80 km

656 m

water 43%

treesshrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← April Carnaxide year-round climate June →Best places to visit in May

May weather nearby: Linda-a-Velha 1.0 km · Alfragide 2.0 km · Algés 3.0 km · Amadora 3.0 km · Queluz 3.0 km · Damaia 4.0 km · Buraca 4.0 km · Massamá 4.0 km

Portugal travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 1; Exercise Normal Precautions
Power plugs: Type C / E / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 60% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $32,082; 2025
Happiness: 6.0 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 95%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 0.7; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 8.2; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Very high; EF EPI 612
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Carnaxide (38.7271°, -9.2467°, elevation 82 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	13
2	18	13
3	18	13
4	18	13
5	18	13
6	18	13
7	19	14
8	19	14
9	19	14
10	19	14
11	19	14
12	19	14
13	19	14
14	19	14
15	19	14
16	19	14
17	20	14
18	20	14
19	20	14
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	21	15
28	21	15
29	21	15
30	21	15
31	21	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	62	38
2	63	37
3	63	37
4	63	37
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	64	36
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	66	34
14	67	33
15	67	33
16	68	32
17	68	32
18	68	32
19	68	32
20	69	31
21	69	31
22	70	30
23	70	30
24	71	29
25	70	30
26	70	30
27	71	29
28	71	29
29	71	29
30	71	29
31	71	29

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	23
8	23
9	23
10	22
11	22
12	22
13	21
14	21
15	20
16	20
17	19
18	18
19	18
20	17
21	17
22	16
23	16
24	15
25	15
26	14
27	13
28	13
29	13
30	12
31	12

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	77	22	1
2	77	22	1
3	76	23	1
4	75	24	1
5	75	24	1
6	74	25	1
7	73	26	1
8	71	27	2
9	70	28	2
10	69	29	2
11	68	30	2
12	66	31	3
13	65	32	3
14	64	33	3
15	63	34	3
16	61	35	4
17	60	36	4
18	58	37	5
19	57	38	5
20	56	38	6
21	54	39	7
22	53	40	7
23	51	41	8
24	51	41	8
25	49	42	9
26	47	43	9
27	46	44	10
28	45	45	10
29	44	46	10
30	42	47	11
31	41	48	11

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	13
2	18	13
3	18	13
4	18	13
5	18	13
6	18	13
7	19	14
8	19	14
9	19	14
10	19	14
11	19	14
12	19	14
13	19	14
14	19	14
15	19	14
16	19	14
17	20	14
18	20	14
19	20	14
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	21	15
28	21	15
29	21	15
30	21	15
31	21	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	62	38
2	63	37
3	63	37
4	63	37
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	64	36
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	66	34
14	67	33
15	67	33
16	68	32
17	68	32
18	68	32
19	68	32
20	69	31
21	69	31
22	70	30
23	70	30
24	71	29
25	70	30
26	70	30
27	71	29
28	71	29
29	71	29
30	71	29
31	71	29

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	23
8	23
9	23
10	22
11	22
12	22
13	21
14	21
15	20
16	20
17	19
18	18
19	18
20	17
21	17
22	16
23	16
24	15
25	15
26	14
27	13
28	13
29	13
30	12
31	12

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	77	22	1
2	77	22	1
3	76	23	1
4	75	24	1
5	75	24	1
6	74	25	1
7	73	26	1
8	71	27	2
9	70	28	2
10	69	29	2
11	68	30	2
12	66	31	3
13	65	32	3
14	64	33	3
15	63	34	3
16	61	35	4
17	60	36	4
18	58	37	5
19	57	38	5
20	56	38	6
21	54	39	7
22	53	40	7
23	51	41	8
24	51	41	8
25	49	42	9
26	47	43	9
27	46	44	10
28	45	45	10
29	44	46	10
30	42	47	11
31	41	48	11

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	13
2	18	13
3	18	13
4	18	13
5	18	13
6	18	13
7	19	14
8	19	14
9	19	14
10	19	14
11	19	14
12	19	14
13	19	14
14	19	14
15	19	14
16	19	14
17	20	14
18	20	14
19	20	14
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	21	15
28	21	15
29	21	15
30	21	15
31	21	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	62	38
2	63	37
3	63	37
4	63	37
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	64	36
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	66	34
14	67	33
15	67	33
16	68	32
17	68	32
18	68	32
19	68	32
20	69	31
21	69	31
22	70	30
23	70	30
24	71	29
25	70	30
26	70	30
27	71	29
28	71	29
29	71	29
30	71	29
31	71	29

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	23
8	23
9	23
10	22
11	22
12	22
13	21
14	21
15	20
16	20
17	19
18	18
19	18
20	17
21	17
22	16
23	16
24	15
25	15
26	14
27	13
28	13
29	13
30	12
31	12

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	77	22	1
2	77	22	1
3	76	23	1
4	75	24	1
5	75	24	1
6	74	25	1
7	73	26	1
8	71	27	2
9	70	28	2
10	69	29	2
11	68	30	2
12	66	31	3
13	65	32	3
14	64	33	3
15	63	34	3
16	61	35	4
17	60	36	4
18	58	37	5
19	57	38	5
20	56	38	6
21	54	39	7
22	53	40	7
23	51	41	8
24	51	41	8
25	49	42	9
26	47	43	9
27	46	44	10
28	45	45	10
29	44	46	10
30	42	47	11
31	41	48	11