Saint-Pierre weather in August

In August, Saint-Pierre sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 15°C, with 45 mm of rain across 12.6 wet days and about 11.3 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in August, and the air most often feels comfortable.

Daylight stretches from about 11 hours at the start of August to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is Saint-Pierre's 3rd-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Saint-Pierre's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 20°; 11th warmest
Overnight low: 15°; 2nd coldest
Rainfall: 45 mm; 12.6 wet days
Daylight: 11 h 18 min; 6:44 AM – 6:00 PM
Cloud cover: 52%; 3rd clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 3rd windiest
Solar energy: 4.87 kWh/m²
Travel score: 6.1; out of 10

Saint-Pierre is French commune in Réunion.

Density: 876/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1735

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← July Saint-Pierre year-round climate September →Best places to visit in August

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in August

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month.

A typical August day in Saint-Pierre reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 15°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 18°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs on par with July and about 1°C cooler than September.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
Avg low (°C)	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	15
2	20	15
3	20	15
4	20	15
5	20	15
6	20	15
7	20	15
8	20	15
9	20	15
10	20	15
11	20	15
12	20	15
13	20	15
14	20	15
15	20	15
16	20	15
17	20	15
18	20	15
19	20	15
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	20	15
28	20	15
29	20	15
30	20	15
31	20	15

Saint-Pierre weather by month

How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 11th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	25° / 21°	280	23.9	13.2	4.5
Feb	25° / 21°	264	22.7	12.7	4.4
Mar	25° / 20°	212	21.3	12.2	5.0
Apr	24° / 19°	93	18.2	11.5	5.6
May	22° / 18°	86	17.1	11	5.8
Jun	20° / 16°	50	13.7	10.7	5.9
Jul	20° / 15°	49	14.3	10.8	5.7
Aug	20° / 15°	45	12.6	11.3	6.1
Sep	21° / 15°	45	12	11.9	6.2
Oct	22° / 16°	56	13.4	12.5	6.2
Nov	24° / 18°	96	16.4	13	5.8
Dec	25° / 20°	174	21.6	13.3	5.0

Cloud cover in August

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in August.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 34% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 37%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	65	65	65	65	64	64	64	64	65	65	65	65	65	63	63	63	63	62	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61	61
Cloudier (%)	35	35	35	35	36	36	36	36	35	35	35	35	35	37	37	37	37	38	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	65	35
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	65	35
5	64	36
6	64	36
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	65	35
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	65	35
14	63	37
15	63	37
16	63	37
17	63	37
18	62	38
19	61	39
20	61	39
21	61	39
22	61	39
23	61	39
24	61	39
25	61	39
26	61	39
27	61	39
28	61	39
29	61	39
30	61	39
31	61	39

Chance of precipitation in August

Any precipitation

Saint-Pierre gets around 45 mm of rain over 12.6 wet days in August, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 41% and peaks near 45% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	43	43	43	43	43	42	42	41	40	39	38	38	37	37	37	37	37	37	37	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	45	45	45

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	43
5	43
6	42
7	42
8	41
9	40
10	39
11	38
12	38
13	37
14	37
15	37
16	37
17	37
18	37
19	37
20	37
21	38
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	42
26	43
27	44
28	45
29	45
30	45
31	45

Humidity in August

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of August feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, August lands in the comfortable band about 52% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	45	46	46	46	46	47	47	47	46	46	45	45	44	43	43	42	41	41	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	41	41	41
Comfortable (%)	46	46	46	46	46	46	47	47	48	48	49	50	51	53	53	54	55	55	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	55	54	54	54
Humid (%)	9	9	8	8	8	7	7	6	6	6	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	45	46	9
2	46	46	9
3	46	46	8
4	46	46	8
5	46	46	8
6	47	46	7
7	47	47	7
8	47	47	6
9	46	48	6
10	46	48	6
11	45	49	5
12	45	50	5
13	44	51	5
14	43	53	4
15	43	53	4
16	42	54	4
17	41	55	4
18	41	55	4
19	40	56	4
20	40	56	4
21	40	56	4
22	40	56	4
23	40	56	4
24	40	56	4
25	40	56	4
26	40	56	4
27	40	56	4
28	40	55	5
29	41	54	5
30	41	54	5
31	41	54	5

Wind in August

Winds average 9 km/h in August.

Across August, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	9	calm
2	9	calm
3	9	calm
4	9	calm
5	9	calm
6	9	calm
7	9	calm
8	9	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	8	calm
14	8	calm
15	8	calm
16	8	calm
17	8	calm
18	8	calm
19	8	calm
20	8	calm
21	8	calm
22	8	calm
23	8	calm
24	8	calm
25	8	calm
26	8	calm
27	8	calm
28	8	calm
29	8	calm
30	8	calm
31	8	calm

Sunrise & sunset in August

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 hours at the start of August to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 30 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 6:54 AM to 6:32 AM, and sunset from 5:55 PM to 6:05 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
Sunrise (AM)	6:54	6:53	6:53	6:52	6:52	6:51	6:50	6:50	6:49	6:49	6:48	6:47	6:46	6:46	6:45	6:44	6:44	6:43	6:42	6:41	6:40	6:40	6:39	6:38	6:37	6:36	6:35	6:34	6:33	6:33	6:32
Sunset (PM)	5:55	5:55	5:55	5:56	5:56	5:56	5:57	5:57	5:58	5:58	5:58	5:59	5:59	5:59	6:00	6:00	6:00	6:01	6:01	6:01	6:02	6:02	6:02	6:03	6:03	6:03	6:03	6:04	6:04	6:04	6:05

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	11.0	6:54	5:55
2	11.0	6:53	5:55
3	11.0	6:53	5:55
4	11.1	6:52	5:56
5	11.1	6:52	5:56
6	11.1	6:51	5:56
7	11.1	6:50	5:57
8	11.1	6:50	5:57
9	11.1	6:49	5:58
10	11.2	6:49	5:58
11	11.2	6:48	5:58
12	11.2	6:47	5:59
13	11.2	6:46	5:59
14	11.2	6:46	5:59
15	11.2	6:45	6:00
16	11.3	6:44	6:00
17	11.3	6:44	6:00
18	11.3	6:43	6:01
19	11.3	6:42	6:01
20	11.3	6:41	6:01
21	11.4	6:40	6:02
22	11.4	6:40	6:02
23	11.4	6:39	6:02
24	11.4	6:38	6:03
25	11.4	6:37	6:03
26	11.5	6:36	6:03
27	11.5	6:35	6:03
28	11.5	6:34	6:04
29	11.5	6:33	6:04
30	11.5	6:33	6:04
31	11.5	6:32	6:05

Solar energy in August

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 4.87 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.93 kWh/m² to a high of 7.11 kWh/m² in November across the year — August's 4.87 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.4
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	4.4	Bright
2	4.5	Bright
3	4.5	Bright
4	4.5	Bright
5	4.5	Bright
6	4.6	Bright
7	4.6	Bright
8	4.6	Bright
9	4.7	Bright
10	4.7	Bright
11	4.7	Bright
12	4.8	Bright
13	4.8	Bright
14	4.8	Bright
15	4.8	Bright
16	4.9	Bright
17	4.9	Bright
18	4.9	Bright
19	5.0	Bright
20	5.0	Bright
21	5.0	Bright
22	5.0	Bright
23	5.1	Bright
24	5.1	Bright
25	5.2	Bright
26	5.2	Bright
27	5.2	Bright
28	5.3	Bright
29	5.3	Bright
30	5.3	Bright
31	5.4	Bright

Planning a trip in August

Hazard calendar for Saint-Pierre

In seasonPeak

None of Saint-Pierre's seasonal hazards are active in August. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Saint-Pierre sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.

Saint-Pierre's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.

Cyclone

Monsoon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is August a good time to visit Saint-Pierre?

Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

6.1

Sightseeing

3rd-best month of the year

3.1

Beach & pool

11th-best month of the year

August is a reasonable time to visit Saint-Pierre for sightseeing.

What to pack for Saint-Pierre in August

From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In August, Saint-Pierre sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 15°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 13 days see rain.

rain gearsun protection

Sea temperature near Saint-Pierre in August

The nearest coast averages about 23°C in August — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea offshore is warmest in February at about 28°C and coldest in August near 23°C.

The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	28	28	28	27	26	25	24	23	23	24	25	27
Comfort	Warm	Tropical	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Refreshing	Refreshing	Refreshing	Warm	Warm	Warm

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	28	Warm
Feb	28	Tropical
Mar	28	Warm
Apr	27	Warm
May	26	Warm
Jun	25	Warm
Jul	24	Refreshing
Aug	23	Refreshing
Sep	23	Refreshing
Oct	24	Warm
Nov	25	Warm
Dec	27	Warm

UV index in Saint-Pierre in August

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Saint-Pierre peaks around January 17 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 6 (high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	17	15	13	10	8	6	6	9	10	12	13	14
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	High	High	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	17	Extreme
Feb	15	Extreme
Mar	13	Extreme
Apr	10	Extreme
May	8	Very high
Jun	6	High
Jul	6	High
Aug	9	Very high
Sep	10	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	13	Extreme
Dec	14	Extreme

Location & terrain

Where is Saint-Pierre?

Saint-Pierre sits at 21.3°S, 55.5°E, 36 m above sea level, in Reunion. The nearest listed city is Le Tampon, 8.0 km away.

Topography around Saint-Pierre

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Saint-Pierre.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Saint-Pierre has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 227 m around an average of 54 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,751 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,030 m.

The land around Saint-Pierre is covered by water (38%), artificial surfaces (23%) and trees (21%) within 3 km, water (51%) and trees (31%) within 16 km, and water (79%) within 80 km.

3 km

227 m

water 38%

16 km

1,751 m

water 51%

80 km

3,030 m

water 79%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← July Saint-Pierre year-round climate September →Best places to visit in August

August weather nearby: Le Tampon 8.0 km · Saint-Louis 9.0 km · Saint-Joseph 15 km · Piton Saint-Leu 22 km · Saint-Leu 27 km · Saint-Benoît 42 km · Saint-Paul 42 km · Saint-André 45 km

Reunion travel facts

Power plugs: Type C / E; 220 V · 50 Hz

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Saint-Pierre (-21.3393°, 55.4781°, elevation 36 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	15
2	20	15
3	20	15
4	20	15
5	20	15
6	20	15
7	20	15
8	20	15
9	20	15
10	20	15
11	20	15
12	20	15
13	20	15
14	20	15
15	20	15
16	20	15
17	20	15
18	20	15
19	20	15
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	20	15
28	20	15
29	20	15
30	20	15
31	20	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	65	35
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	65	35
5	64	36
6	64	36
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	65	35
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	65	35
14	63	37
15	63	37
16	63	37
17	63	37
18	62	38
19	61	39
20	61	39
21	61	39
22	61	39
23	61	39
24	61	39
25	61	39
26	61	39
27	61	39
28	61	39
29	61	39
30	61	39
31	61	39

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	43
5	43
6	42
7	42
8	41
9	40
10	39
11	38
12	38
13	37
14	37
15	37
16	37
17	37
18	37
19	37
20	37
21	38
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	42
26	43
27	44
28	45
29	45
30	45
31	45

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	45	46	9
2	46	46	9
3	46	46	8
4	46	46	8
5	46	46	8
6	47	46	7
7	47	47	7
8	47	47	6
9	46	48	6
10	46	48	6
11	45	49	5
12	45	50	5
13	44	51	5
14	43	53	4
15	43	53	4
16	42	54	4
17	41	55	4
18	41	55	4
19	40	56	4
20	40	56	4
21	40	56	4
22	40	56	4
23	40	56	4
24	40	56	4
25	40	56	4
26	40	56	4
27	40	56	4
28	40	55	5
29	41	54	5
30	41	54	5
31	41	54	5

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	15
2	20	15
3	20	15
4	20	15
5	20	15
6	20	15
7	20	15
8	20	15
9	20	15
10	20	15
11	20	15
12	20	15
13	20	15
14	20	15
15	20	15
16	20	15
17	20	15
18	20	15
19	20	15
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	20	15
28	20	15
29	20	15
30	20	15
31	20	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	65	35
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	65	35
5	64	36
6	64	36
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	65	35
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	65	35
14	63	37
15	63	37
16	63	37
17	63	37
18	62	38
19	61	39
20	61	39
21	61	39
22	61	39
23	61	39
24	61	39
25	61	39
26	61	39
27	61	39
28	61	39
29	61	39
30	61	39
31	61	39

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	43
5	43
6	42
7	42
8	41
9	40
10	39
11	38
12	38
13	37
14	37
15	37
16	37
17	37
18	37
19	37
20	37
21	38
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	42
26	43
27	44
28	45
29	45
30	45
31	45

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	45	46	9
2	46	46	9
3	46	46	8
4	46	46	8
5	46	46	8
6	47	46	7
7	47	47	7
8	47	47	6
9	46	48	6
10	46	48	6
11	45	49	5
12	45	50	5
13	44	51	5
14	43	53	4
15	43	53	4
16	42	54	4
17	41	55	4
18	41	55	4
19	40	56	4
20	40	56	4
21	40	56	4
22	40	56	4
23	40	56	4
24	40	56	4
25	40	56	4
26	40	56	4
27	40	56	4
28	40	55	5
29	41	54	5
30	41	54	5
31	41	54	5

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	15
2	20	15
3	20	15
4	20	15
5	20	15
6	20	15
7	20	15
8	20	15
9	20	15
10	20	15
11	20	15
12	20	15
13	20	15
14	20	15
15	20	15
16	20	15
17	20	15
18	20	15
19	20	15
20	20	15
21	20	15
22	20	15
23	20	15
24	20	15
25	20	15
26	20	15
27	20	15
28	20	15
29	20	15
30	20	15
31	20	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	65	35
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	65	35
5	64	36
6	64	36
7	64	36
8	64	36
9	65	35
10	65	35
11	65	35
12	65	35
13	65	35
14	63	37
15	63	37
16	63	37
17	63	37
18	62	38
19	61	39
20	61	39
21	61	39
22	61	39
23	61	39
24	61	39
25	61	39
26	61	39
27	61	39
28	61	39
29	61	39
30	61	39
31	61	39

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	43
5	43
6	42
7	42
8	41
9	40
10	39
11	38
12	38
13	37
14	37
15	37
16	37
17	37
18	37
19	37
20	37
21	38
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	42
26	43
27	44
28	45
29	45
30	45
31	45

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	45	46	9
2	46	46	9
3	46	46	8
4	46	46	8
5	46	46	8
6	47	46	7
7	47	47	7
8	47	47	6
9	46	48	6
10	46	48	6
11	45	49	5
12	45	50	5
13	44	51	5
14	43	53	4
15	43	53	4
16	42	54	4
17	41	55	4
18	41	55	4
19	40	56	4
20	40	56	4
21	40	56	4
22	40	56	4
23	40	56	4
24	40	56	4
25	40	56	4
26	40	56	4
27	40	56	4
28	40	55	5
29	41	54	5
30	41	54	5
31	41	54	5