Adler weather in February
In February, Adler sees average daytime highs of 6°C and overnight lows near 1°C, with 112 mm of precipitation across 12.9 wet days and about 10.2 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 5°C in the first days to 7°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 36 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Adler's 11th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Adler's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 6°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 1°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 112 mm
- 12.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 12 min
- 7:28 AM – 5:42 PM
- Cloud cover
- 68%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.53 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.4
- out of 10
Adler is former settlement, now microdistrict in Adlersky District of the city of Sochi.
- Founded
- 1869
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 5°C in the first days to 7°C by the end.
A typical February day in Adler reaches about 6°C in the afternoon and slips back to 1°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 1°C and 11°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 1 |
| 2 | 5 | 1 |
| 3 | 5 | 1 |
| 4 | 5 | 1 |
| 5 | 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 5 | 1 |
| 7 | 5 | 1 |
| 8 | 5 | 1 |
| 9 | 5 | 1 |
| 10 | 6 | 1 |
| 11 | 6 | 1 |
| 12 | 6 | 1 |
| 13 | 6 | 1 |
| 14 | 6 | 1 |
| 15 | 6 | 1 |
| 16 | 6 | 1 |
| 17 | 6 | 1 |
| 18 | 6 | 1 |
| 19 | 6 | 1 |
| 20 | 6 | 1 |
| 21 | 6 | 2 |
| 22 | 6 | 2 |
| 23 | 7 | 2 |
| 24 | 7 | 2 |
| 25 | 7 | 2 |
| 26 | 7 | 2 |
| 27 | 7 | 2 |
| 28 | 7 | 2 |
How February really feels in Adler
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Adler weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6° / 1° | 146 | 15.5 | 12.3 | 9.1 | 0.2 |
| Feb | 6° / 1° | 112 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 0.4 |
| Mar | 8° / 3° | 120 | 15.3 | 8.5 | 11.6 | 1.3 |
| Apr | 13° / 7° | 97 | 12.6 | 2.7 | 13.2 | 3.3 |
| May | 18° / 11° | 105 | 14.8 | 0.1 | 14.5 | 5.1 |
| Jun | 22° / 16° | 96 | 14.1 | 0 | 15.2 | 6.2 |
| Jul | 24° / 19° | 96 | 14.4 | 0 | 14.9 | 6.7 |
| Aug | 25° / 19° | 80 | 12.6 | 0 | 13.8 | 7.1 |
| Sep | 21° / 16° | 105 | 11.2 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.8 |
| Oct | 17° / 12° | 122 | 11.2 | 0.4 | 10.8 | 5.6 |
| Nov | 12° / 7° | 128 | 11.4 | 4 | 9.5 | 3.1 |
| Dec | 8° / 3° | 144 | 14 | 9 | 8.8 | 1.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 66%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 |
| Cloudier (%) | 70 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 31 | 69 |
| 3 | 32 | 68 |
| 4 | 32 | 68 |
| 5 | 33 | 67 |
| 6 | 33 | 67 |
| 7 | 34 | 66 |
| 8 | 34 | 66 |
| 9 | 34 | 66 |
| 10 | 36 | 64 |
| 11 | 36 | 64 |
| 12 | 36 | 64 |
| 13 | 36 | 64 |
| 14 | 37 | 63 |
| 15 | 36 | 64 |
| 16 | 36 | 64 |
| 17 | 36 | 64 |
| 18 | 35 | 65 |
| 19 | 35 | 65 |
| 20 | 35 | 65 |
| 21 | 35 | 65 |
| 22 | 34 | 66 |
| 23 | 35 | 65 |
| 24 | 35 | 65 |
| 25 | 35 | 65 |
| 26 | 35 | 65 |
| 27 | 34 | 66 |
| 28 | 34 | 66 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Adler gets around 112 mm of rain and snow over 12.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 47% and peaks near 52% on the wettest days, and about 10 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 |
| Snow chance (%) | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52 | 42 |
| 2 | 52 | 41 |
| 3 | 52 | 41 |
| 4 | 51 | 41 |
| 5 | 51 | 40 |
| 6 | 50 | 39 |
| 7 | 49 | 38 |
| 8 | 49 | 38 |
| 9 | 48 | 37 |
| 10 | 47 | 36 |
| 11 | 46 | 35 |
| 12 | 46 | 35 |
| 13 | 45 | 34 |
| 14 | 45 | 34 |
| 15 | 44 | 34 |
| 16 | 44 | 34 |
| 17 | 44 | 34 |
| 18 | 44 | 33 |
| 19 | 44 | 33 |
| 20 | 44 | 33 |
| 21 | 44 | 33 |
| 22 | 44 | 33 |
| 23 | 45 | 33 |
| 24 | 45 | 33 |
| 25 | 46 | 33 |
| 26 | 46 | 33 |
| 27 | 47 | 33 |
| 28 | 47 | 32 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February, the windiest month of the year.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 36 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 72 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:45 AM to 7:09 AM, and sunset from 5:23 PM to 5:59 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:37 | 7:36 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:09 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:59 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.6 | 7:45 | 5:23 |
| 2 | 9.7 | 7:44 | 5:24 |
| 3 | 9.7 | 7:43 | 5:26 |
| 4 | 9.8 | 7:42 | 5:27 |
| 5 | 9.8 | 7:41 | 5:28 |
| 6 | 9.8 | 7:39 | 5:29 |
| 7 | 9.9 | 7:38 | 5:31 |
| 8 | 9.9 | 7:37 | 5:32 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:36 | 5:34 |
| 10 | 10.0 | 7:35 | 5:35 |
| 11 | 10.0 | 7:34 | 5:36 |
| 12 | 10.1 | 7:32 | 5:38 |
| 13 | 10.1 | 7:31 | 5:39 |
| 14 | 10.2 | 7:30 | 5:40 |
| 15 | 10.2 | 7:28 | 5:42 |
| 16 | 10.3 | 7:27 | 5:43 |
| 17 | 10.3 | 7:25 | 5:44 |
| 18 | 10.4 | 7:24 | 5:46 |
| 19 | 10.4 | 7:23 | 5:47 |
| 20 | 10.5 | 7:21 | 5:48 |
| 21 | 10.5 | 7:20 | 5:50 |
| 22 | 10.5 | 7:18 | 5:51 |
| 23 | 10.6 | 7:17 | 5:52 |
| 24 | 10.6 | 7:15 | 5:53 |
| 25 | 10.7 | 7:14 | 5:55 |
| 26 | 10.7 | 7:12 | 5:56 |
| 27 | 10.8 | 7:10 | 5:57 |
| 28 | 10.8 | 7:09 | 5:59 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 2.53 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.37 kWh/m² to a high of 6.27 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 2.53 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 2 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.0 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Adler?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Adler.
What to pack for Adler in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Adler sees daytime highs around 6°C and nights near 1°C. Pack a warm layer and rain gear. Worth having: a heavy coat. About 13 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Adler in February
The nearest coast averages about 9°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in August at about 26°C and coldest in February near 9°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jun 6 to Oct 18 — about 4.4 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 10 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 16 | 13 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Refreshing | Warm | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Cool | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Bracing |
| Feb | 9 | Bracing |
| Mar | 9 | Bracing |
| Apr | 12 | Bracing |
| May | 17 | Cool |
| Jun | 22 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 25 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 24 | Warm |
| Oct | 20 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 16 | Cool |
| Dec | 13 | Bracing |
UV index in Adler in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Adler peaks around July 15 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Adler?
Adler sits at 43.4°N, 39.9°E, 7 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Kudepsta, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Adler
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Adler.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Adler has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 144 m around an average of 12 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 870 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,254 m.
The land around Adler is covered by water (40%) and artificial surfaces (36%) within 3 km, water (57%) and trees (35%) within 16 km, and trees (51%) and water (36%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Adler (43.429°, 39.9239°, elevation 7 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).