Climate and average weather in Kholmsk
In Kholmsk, the summers are mild, showery, and partly cloudy and the winters are frigid, breezy, snowy, and mostly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Kholmsk typically varies from -10°C to 19°C, and is rarely below -15°C or above 21°C. August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Kholmsk for warm-weather activities is from mid July to late September.
- Hottest
- Aug
- 19°
- Coldest
- Jan
- -10°
- Wettest
- Aug
- 109 mm
- Driest
- Feb
- 34 mm
- Rain / yr
- 900 mm
- 135 wet days
- Daylight
- 8.3–15.7 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 9 m
- 47.0°N
- Clearest
- Oct
- 54% cloud
Kholmsk is human settlement in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia.
- Density
- 1,021/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1870
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Kholmsk weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid July to late September.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Kholmsk, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 3.6 months, from June 19 to October 6, with daily high temperatures above 12°C. The hottest month of the year in Kholmsk is August, with an average high of 19°C and low of 16°C.
The cool season lasts 3.4 months, from December 4 to March 15, with daily high temperatures below -2°C. The coldest month of the year in Kholmsk is January, with an average low of -10°C and high of -6°C.
Days typically run about 3°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -6 | -6 | -1 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 10 | 3 | -3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -10 | -9 | -5 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 0 | -7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | -6 | -10 |
| Feb | -6 | -9 |
| Mar | -1 | -5 |
| Apr | 3 | 0 |
| May | 8 | 4 |
| Jun | 12 | 9 |
| Jul | 16 | 14 |
| Aug | 19 | 16 |
| Sep | 16 | 13 |
| Oct | 10 | 7 |
| Nov | 3 | 0 |
| Dec | -3 | -7 |
How hot and cold Kholmsk really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -18°C (around January 21), with roughly 196 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C) — 115 of them bitterly cold — worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | -6 | -6 | -1 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 10 | 3 | -3 |
| Air high (°C) | -6 | -6 | -1 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 10 | 3 | -3 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -18 | -17 | -12 | -5 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 4 | -6 | -14 |
| Air low (°C) | -10 | -9 | -5 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 0 | -7 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -6 | -6 | -18 | -10 |
| Feb | -6 | -6 | -17 | -9 |
| Mar | -1 | -1 | -12 | -5 |
| Apr | 3 | 3 | -5 | 0 |
| May | 8 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
| Jun | 12 | 12 | 7 | 9 |
| Jul | 16 | 16 | 14 | 14 |
| Aug | 19 | 19 | 16 | 16 |
| Sep | 16 | 16 | 13 | 13 |
| Oct | 10 | 10 | 4 | 7 |
| Nov | 3 | 3 | -6 | 0 |
| Dec | -3 | -3 | -14 | -7 |
Average hourly temperature in Kholmsk
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on August afternoons, near 19°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near -10°C.
Kholmsk weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -6° / -10° | 48 | 10.5 | 16.2 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -6° / -10° | 34 | 7.8 | 11.8 | 10 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -2° / -5° | 52 | 9.6 | 11 | 11.6 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 3° / -0° | 56 | 9.3 | 5.8 | 13.3 | 0.0 |
| May | 8° / 4° | 68 | 10 | 1 | 14.8 | 1.2 |
| Jun | 12° / 9° | 65 | 9.5 | 0 | 15.6 | 3.1 |
| Jul | 16° / 14° | 95 | 10 | 0 | 15.3 | 5.0 |
| Aug | 19° / 16° | 109 | 11.5 | 0 | 14 | 5.7 |
| Sep | 16° / 13° | 106 | 11.6 | 0 | 12.4 | 5.0 |
| Oct | 10° / 7° | 100 | 13.5 | 0.8 | 10.6 | 2.3 |
| Nov | 3° / -1° | 92 | 15.8 | 12.6 | 9.1 | 0.1 |
| Dec | -3° / -7° | 76 | 15.5 | 19.3 | 8.4 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Kholmsk gets about 900 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.1 months, from around Sep 7 to Jan 10, peaking in November at about 56% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Feb 7.
August is the wettest month by volume, with 109 mm over about 12 wet days; February is the driest, with 34 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 34 | 29 | 30 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 37 | 39 | 44 | 52 | 49 |
| Rain days | 11 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 34 | 11 |
| Feb | 29 | 8 |
| Mar | 30 | 10 |
| Apr | 32 | 9 |
| May | 32 | 10 |
| Jun | 32 | 10 |
| Jul | 32 | 10 |
| Aug | 37 | 12 |
| Sep | 39 | 12 |
| Oct | 44 | 14 |
| Nov | 52 | 16 |
| Dec | 49 | 16 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Kholmsk collects about 900 mm of rain across 135 wet days — roughly 75 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. August is the wettest month with 109 mm, while February is the driest at just 34 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 35% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 48 | 34 | 52 | 56 | 68 | 65 | 95 | 109 | 106 | 100 | 92 | 76 |
| Rain days | 11 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 |
| Snow days | 16 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 19 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 48 | 11 | 16 |
| Feb | 34 | 8 | 12 |
| Mar | 52 | 10 | 11 |
| Apr | 56 | 9 | 6 |
| May | 68 | 10 | 1 |
| Jun | 65 | 10 | 0 |
| Jul | 95 | 10 | 0 |
| Aug | 109 | 12 | 0 |
| Sep | 106 | 12 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 14 | 1 |
| Nov | 92 | 16 | 13 |
| Dec | 76 | 16 | 19 |
Snow in Kholmsk
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Kholmsk averages about 79 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Oct 15 to May 20 — about 7.2 months.
December is snowiest, with roughly 19 days of snow and an estimated 79 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 336 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 16 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 19 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 55 | 50 | 48 | 34 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 64 | 79 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | 55 |
| Feb | 12 | 50 |
| Mar | 11 | 48 |
| Apr | 6 | 34 |
| May | 1 | 3 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 1 | 2 |
| Nov | 13 | 64 |
| Dec | 19 | 79 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Kholmsk, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around August 11 and lasts for 3.2 months, ending around November 15. The clearest month is October, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 53% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around November 16 and lasts for 3.5 months, ending around March 3. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 90% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 10 | 19 | 40 | 44 | 40 | 33 | 30 | 36 | 51 | 53 | 32 | 11 |
| Cloudier (%) | 90 | 81 | 60 | 56 | 60 | 67 | 70 | 64 | 49 | 47 | 68 | 89 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | 90 |
| Feb | 19 | 81 |
| Mar | 40 | 60 |
| Apr | 44 | 56 |
| May | 40 | 60 |
| Jun | 33 | 67 |
| Jul | 30 | 70 |
| Aug | 36 | 64 |
| Sep | 51 | 49 |
| Oct | 53 | 47 |
| Nov | 32 | 68 |
| Dec | 11 | 89 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 14, brings about 15 h 42 min of light; the shortest, around December 14, only 8 h 18 min — a swing of roughly 7 h 24 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.7 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 8.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:20 | 7:47 | 6:54 | 5:51 | 5:03 | 4:42 | 4:57 | 5:34 | 6:16 | 6:58 | 7:44 | 8:18 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:02 | 5:46 | 6:29 | 7:13 | 7:53 | 8:22 | 8:18 | 7:37 | 6:36 | 5:35 | 4:50 | 4:38 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.7 | 8:20 | 5:02 |
| Feb | 10.0 | 7:47 | 5:46 |
| Mar | 11.6 | 6:54 | 6:29 |
| Apr | 13.3 | 5:51 | 7:13 |
| May | 14.8 | 5:03 | 7:53 |
| Jun | 15.6 | 4:42 | 8:22 |
| Jul | 15.3 | 4:57 | 8:18 |
| Aug | 14.0 | 5:34 | 7:37 |
| Sep | 12.4 | 6:16 | 6:36 |
| Oct | 10.6 | 6:58 | 5:35 |
| Nov | 9.1 | 7:44 | 4:50 |
| Dec | 8.4 | 8:18 | 4:38 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Kholmsk averages about 6 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 1 and 12 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 2.8 months, from around Aug 17 to Nov 9. The sunniest month is September, with roughly 11 sunny days (mixed).
The greyest month is December, down near 1 sunny days — about 91% fewer than the September peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 1 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 1 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 3 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 8 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 9 | Mixed |
| May | 8 | Gloomy |
| Jun | 6 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 5 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 7 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 11 | Mixed |
| Oct | 11 | Mixed |
| Nov | 5 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 1 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Kholmsk, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 2.3 months, from around July 10 to September 18. The muggiest month is August, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 43% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around September 19 to July 9, and June is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 43 | 19 | 62 | 99 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 39 | 39 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 33 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 43 | 39 | 16 | 1 |
| Aug | 19 | 39 | 33 | 10 |
| Sep | 62 | 25 | 11 | 1 |
| Oct | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Kholmsk is typically light breeze, near 18 km/h, and varies a lot with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 6.6 months, from around Sep 24 to Apr 11. The windiest month is November, averaging about 23 km/h (breezy).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Apr 12 to Sep 23, with July the calmest month at about 13 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 21 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 22 |
| Feels | breezy | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21 | breezy |
| Feb | 19 | light breeze |
| Mar | 19 | light breeze |
| Apr | 18 | light breeze |
| May | 16 | light breeze |
| Jun | 14 | light breeze |
| Jul | 13 | light breeze |
| Aug | 14 | light breeze |
| Sep | 17 | light breeze |
| Oct | 21 | breezy |
| Nov | 23 | breezy |
| Dec | 22 | breezy |
Best time to visit Kholmsk
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Kholmsk throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid July, Kholmsk is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Kholmsk for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid July to late September, with a peak score in the last week of August.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | good | fair | poor | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.0 | poor |
| Mar | 0.0 | poor |
| Apr | 0.0 | poor |
| May | 1.2 | poor |
| Jun | 3.1 | poor |
| Jul | 5.0 | fair |
| Aug | 5.7 | good |
| Sep | 4.9 | fair |
| Oct | 2.3 | poor |
| Nov | 0.1 | poor |
| Dec | 0.0 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Kholmsk for hot-weather activities is from late July to early September, with a peak score in the third week of August.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Kholmsk, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around August (highs near 19°C), the essentials are rain gear. In the cold season around January (highs near -6°C), pack a warm layer, a heavy coat, rain gear and a windbreaker.
In August, Kholmsk sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 16°C. Worth packing: rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Kholmsk
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 16 km away) is warmest in August at about 18°C and coldest in February near 2°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 7 | 4 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Cool | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Bracing |
| Feb | 2 | Bracing |
| Mar | 3 | Bracing |
| Apr | 4 | Bracing |
| May | 6 | Bracing |
| Jun | 10 | Bracing |
| Jul | 15 | Bracing |
| Aug | 18 | Cool |
| Sep | 17 | Cool |
| Oct | 12 | Bracing |
| Nov | 7 | Bracing |
| Dec | 4 | Bracing |
UV index (midday) in Kholmsk by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kholmsk peaks around August 13 at about 7 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 2 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Kholmsk
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in August the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 7.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 3.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 4.5 | 0 |
| May | 6.5 | 0 |
| Jun | 8 | 3.5 |
| Jul | 7.5 | 2.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 3.5 |
| Sep | 5 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Kholmsk by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Kholmsk is worst in April — around 15 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.3× the cleanest month (December, 5 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 5 | 9 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Good |
| Feb | 9 | Good |
| Mar | 15 | Moderate |
| Apr | 15 | Moderate |
| May | 12 | Moderate |
| Jun | 7 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 7 | Good |
| Sep | 6 | Good |
| Oct | 8 | Good |
| Nov | 8 | Good |
| Dec | 5 | Good |
Growing season
The growing season in Kholmsk typically lasts about 212 days, from around April 16 to November 13 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from May 4 to October 30.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 50 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 46 | 3 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 31 |
| Feb | 0 | 28 |
| Mar | 6 | 31 |
| Apr | 50 | 30 |
| May | 97 | 2 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 98 | 1 |
| Nov | 46 | 30 |
| Dec | 3 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Kholmsk banks about 557 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 155 | 224 | 143 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 0 |
| May | 0 |
| Jun | 25 |
| Jul | 155 |
| Aug | 224 |
| Sep | 143 |
| Oct | 10 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Kholmsk receives about 3.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — moderate — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.1 and 5.4 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.6 months, from around Mar 6 to Sep 23. The brightest month is May, averaging about 5.3 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is December, down near 1.2 kWh/m² — roughly 78% less than the May peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.5 | Dim |
| Feb | 2.5 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3.9 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4.9 | Bright |
| May | 5.3 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.0 | Bright |
| Jul | 4.6 | Bright |
| Aug | 4.1 | Bright |
| Sep | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2.6 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1.5 | Dim |
| Dec | 1.1 | Dim |
Where is Kholmsk?
Kholmsk sits at 47.0°N, 142.0°E, 9 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Nevel’sk, 43 km away.
Topography around Kholmsk
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kholmsk.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kholmsk has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 342 m around an average of 81 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 567 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,026 m.
The land around Kholmsk is covered by trees (45%) and water (36%) within 3 km, trees (50%) and water (46%) within 16 km, and trees (59%) and water (36%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kholmsk (47.0461°, 142.0494°, elevation 9 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).