Krasnovishersk weather in July

In July, Krasnovishersk sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 79 mm of rain across 12.8 wet days and about 17.8 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 18 h 30 min at the start of July to 16 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Krasnovishersk's 1st-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Krasnovishersk's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 22°; 1st warmest
Overnight low: 12°; 12th coldest
Rainfall: 79 mm; 12.8 wet days
Daylight: 17 h 54 min; 4:21 AM – 10:13 PM
Cloud cover: 67%; 1st clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 12th windiest
Solar energy: 5.02 kWh/m²
Travel score: 6.1; out of 10

Krasnovishersk is human settlement in Krasnovishersky District, Perm Krai, Russia.

Density: 758/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1894

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← June Krasnovishersk year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in July

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.

A typical July day in Krasnovishersk reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs about 3°C warmer than June and about 4°C warmer than August.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	21	21	21	21	21	21	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	21	21	21
Avg low (°C)	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	11
2	21	12
3	21	12
4	21	12
5	21	12
6	21	12
7	22	12
8	22	12
9	22	12
10	22	12
11	22	12
12	22	12
13	22	12
14	22	12
15	22	12
16	22	12
17	22	12
18	22	12
19	22	12
20	22	12
21	22	12
22	22	12
23	22	12
24	22	12
25	22	12
26	22	12
27	22	12
28	22	12
29	21	12
30	21	12
31	21	12

How July really feels in Krasnovishersk

Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

July sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Krasnovishersk weather by month

How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 1st-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	-12° / -18°	47	12.8	16.3	6.3	0.0
Feb	-10° / -16°	33	9.5	12.5	8.6	0.0
Mar	-2° / -9°	45	11.5	13.5	11.3	0.0
Apr	6° / -3°	51	10.9	5.7	14.2	0.5
May	14° / 3°	66	11.5	1.2	16.8	3.7
Jun	19° / 9°	95	14.2	0.1	18.5	5.3
Jul	22° / 12°	79	12.8	0	17.8	6.1
Aug	18° / 10°	91	14.6	0	15.4	4.9
Sep	12° / 5°	74	14	0.9	12.6	2.6
Oct	4° / -1°	84	15.3	7.9	9.7	0.2
Nov	-5° / -10°	61	12.8	14.7	7.1	0.0
Dec	-10° / -16°	52	13.1	16.5	5.5	0.0

Cloud cover in July

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in July, the clearest month of the year.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 64%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	37	36	36	35	34	34	33	33	33	35	35	36	37	38	39	39	41	41	41	41	41	40	40	38	38	36	36	33	32	32	30
Cloudier (%)	63	64	64	65	66	66	67	67	67	65	65	64	63	62	61	61	59	59	59	59	59	60	60	62	62	64	64	67	68	68	70

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	37	63
2	36	64
3	36	64
4	35	65
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	35	65
11	35	65
12	36	64
13	37	63
14	38	62
15	39	61
16	39	61
17	41	59
18	41	59
19	41	59
20	41	59
21	41	59
22	40	60
23	40	60
24	38	62
25	38	62
26	36	64
27	36	64
28	33	67
29	32	68
30	32	68
31	30	70

Chance of precipitation in July

Any precipitation

Krasnovishersk gets around 79 mm of rain over 12.8 wet days in July. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 41% and peaks near 43% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	43	43	43	42	42	42	42	42	41	41	40	39	39	38	38	38	38	38	38	38	39	39	40	41	41	42	42	42	43	43	43

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	42
5	42
6	42
7	42
8	42
9	41
10	41
11	40
12	39
13	39
14	38
15	38
16	38
17	38
18	38
19	38
20	38
21	39
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	41
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	43
30	43
31	43

Humidity in July

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 54% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	64	63	63	62	62	61	60	59	58	58	55	54	53	53	52	51	50	49	48	48	47	47	47	48	48	49	50	51	53	54	56
Comfortable (%)	21	22	22	22	22	22	23	23	23	23	24	24	25	25	26	27	28	28	29	30	30	31	31	31	31	31	31	30	30	29	28
Humid (%)	13	13	13	14	14	15	15	16	17	17	18	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	18	18	17	17	16	16	15	15	14
Muggy (%)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2	2	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	64	21	13	2
2	63	22	13	2
3	63	22	13	2
4	62	22	14	2
5	62	22	14	2
6	61	22	15	2
7	60	23	15	2
8	59	23	16	2
9	58	23	17	2
10	58	23	17	2
11	55	24	18	3
12	54	24	19	3
13	53	25	19	3
14	53	25	19	3
15	52	26	19	3
16	51	27	19	3
17	50	28	19	3
18	49	28	19	3
19	48	29	19	3
20	48	30	19	3
21	47	30	19	3
22	47	31	19	3
23	47	31	18	3
24	48	31	18	3
25	48	31	17	3
26	49	31	17	3
27	50	31	16	3
28	51	30	16	3
29	53	30	15	2
30	54	29	15	2
31	56	28	14	2

Wind in July

Winds average 9 km/h in July, the calmest month.

Across July, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	10	10	10	10	10	10	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	10	calm
2	10	calm
3	10	calm
4	10	calm
5	10	calm
6	10	calm
7	9	calm
8	9	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	9	calm
14	9	calm
15	9	calm
16	9	calm
17	9	calm
18	9	calm
19	9	calm
20	9	calm
21	9	calm
22	9	calm
23	9	calm
24	9	calm
25	9	calm
26	9	calm
27	9	calm
28	9	calm
29	9	calm
30	9	calm
31	9	calm

Sunrise & sunset in July

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 18 h 30 min at the start of July to 16 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 102 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 3:59 AM to 4:54 AM, and sunset from 10:31 PM to 9:42 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.3	18.3	18.2	18.2	18.1	18.1	18.0	18.0	17.9	17.9	17.8	17.8	17.7	17.6	17.6	17.5	17.4	17.3	17.3	17.2	17.1	17.0	17.0	16.9	16.8
Sunrise (AM)	3:59	4:00	4:01	4:02	4:04	4:05	4:06	4:08	4:09	4:11	4:12	4:14	4:16	4:17	4:19	4:21	4:23	4:25	4:27	4:29	4:31	4:33	4:35	4:38	4:40	4:42	4:44	4:47	4:49	4:51	4:54
Sunset (PM)	10:31	10:30	10:30	10:29	10:28	10:27	10:26	10:25	10:24	10:22	10:21	10:20	10:18	10:17	10:15	10:13	10:12	10:10	10:08	10:06	10:04	10:02	10:00	9:58	9:56	9:54	9:51	9:49	9:47	9:44	9:42

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	18.5	3:59	10:31
2	18.5	4:00	10:30
3	18.5	4:01	10:30
4	18.4	4:02	10:29
5	18.4	4:04	10:28
6	18.4	4:05	10:27
7	18.3	4:06	10:26
8	18.3	4:08	10:25
9	18.2	4:09	10:24
10	18.2	4:11	10:22
11	18.1	4:12	10:21
12	18.1	4:14	10:20
13	18.0	4:16	10:18
14	18.0	4:17	10:17
15	17.9	4:19	10:15
16	17.9	4:21	10:13
17	17.8	4:23	10:12
18	17.8	4:25	10:10
19	17.7	4:27	10:08
20	17.6	4:29	10:06
21	17.6	4:31	10:04
22	17.5	4:33	10:02
23	17.4	4:35	10:00
24	17.3	4:38	9:58
25	17.3	4:40	9:56
26	17.2	4:42	9:54
27	17.1	4:44	9:51
28	17.0	4:47	9:49
29	17.0	4:49	9:47
30	16.9	4:51	9:44
31	16.8	4:54	9:42

Solar energy in July

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 5.02 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.15 kWh/m² to a high of 5.22 kWh/m² in June across the year — July's 5.02 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.3	Bright
2	5.3	Bright
3	5.3	Bright
4	5.2	Bright
5	5.2	Bright
6	5.2	Bright
7	5.2	Bright
8	5.2	Bright
9	5.2	Bright
10	5.2	Bright
11	5.2	Bright
12	5.2	Bright
13	5.2	Bright
14	5.2	Bright
15	5.2	Bright
16	5.1	Bright
17	5.1	Bright
18	5.1	Bright
19	5.0	Bright
20	5.0	Bright
21	4.9	Bright
22	4.9	Bright
23	4.8	Bright
24	4.8	Bright
25	4.7	Bright
26	4.6	Bright
27	4.6	Bright
28	4.5	Bright
29	4.4	Bright
30	4.4	Bright
31	4.3	Bright

Planning a trip in July

Is July a good time to visit Krasnovishersk?

Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

6.1

Sightseeing

1st-best month of the year

4.1

Beach & pool

1st-best month of the year

July is a reasonable time to visit Krasnovishersk for sightseeing.

What to pack for Krasnovishersk in July

From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In July, Krasnovishersk sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 13 days see rain.

rain gearsun protection

UV index in Krasnovishersk in July

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Krasnovishersk peaks around June 21 at about 5 (high) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 0 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	0	1	2	3	4	5	5	4	3	1	0	0
Level	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	0	Low
Feb	1	Low
Mar	2	Low
Apr	3	Moderate
May	4	Moderate
Jun	5	High
Jul	5	High
Aug	4	Moderate
Sep	3	Moderate
Oct	1	Low
Nov	0	Low
Dec	0	Low

Location & terrain

Where is Krasnovishersk?

Krasnovishersk sits at 60.4°N, 57.1°E, 132 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Solikamsk, 84 km away.

Topography around Krasnovishersk

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Krasnovishersk.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Krasnovishersk has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 131 m around an average of 139 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 408 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 772 m.

The land around Krasnovishersk is covered by trees (68%) within 3 km, trees (88%) within 16 km, and trees (94%) within 80 km.

3 km

131 m

trees 68%

16 km

408 m

trees 88%

80 km

772 m

trees 94%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswaterwetland

← June Krasnovishersk year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

July weather nearby: Solikamsk 84 km · Berezniki 112 km · Aleksandrovsk 142 km · Kizel 155 km · Severoural’sk 161 km · Gubakha 176 km · Karpinsk 177 km · Ivdel’ 185 km

Russia travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 4; Do Not Travel
Power plugs: Type C / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 32% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $17,547; 2025
Happiness: 5.8 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 76%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 6.8; per 100k, 2021
Road deaths: 12; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 521
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Krasnovishersk (60.4073°, 57.0829°, elevation 132 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	11
2	21	12
3	21	12
4	21	12
5	21	12
6	21	12
7	22	12
8	22	12
9	22	12
10	22	12
11	22	12
12	22	12
13	22	12
14	22	12
15	22	12
16	22	12
17	22	12
18	22	12
19	22	12
20	22	12
21	22	12
22	22	12
23	22	12
24	22	12
25	22	12
26	22	12
27	22	12
28	22	12
29	21	12
30	21	12
31	21	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	37	63
2	36	64
3	36	64
4	35	65
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	35	65
11	35	65
12	36	64
13	37	63
14	38	62
15	39	61
16	39	61
17	41	59
18	41	59
19	41	59
20	41	59
21	41	59
22	40	60
23	40	60
24	38	62
25	38	62
26	36	64
27	36	64
28	33	67
29	32	68
30	32	68
31	30	70

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	42
5	42
6	42
7	42
8	42
9	41
10	41
11	40
12	39
13	39
14	38
15	38
16	38
17	38
18	38
19	38
20	38
21	39
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	41
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	43
30	43
31	43

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	64	21	13	2
2	63	22	13	2
3	63	22	13	2
4	62	22	14	2
5	62	22	14	2
6	61	22	15	2
7	60	23	15	2
8	59	23	16	2
9	58	23	17	2
10	58	23	17	2
11	55	24	18	3
12	54	24	19	3
13	53	25	19	3
14	53	25	19	3
15	52	26	19	3
16	51	27	19	3
17	50	28	19	3
18	49	28	19	3
19	48	29	19	3
20	48	30	19	3
21	47	30	19	3
22	47	31	19	3
23	47	31	18	3
24	48	31	18	3
25	48	31	17	3
26	49	31	17	3
27	50	31	16	3
28	51	30	16	3
29	53	30	15	2
30	54	29	15	2
31	56	28	14	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	11
2	21	12
3	21	12
4	21	12
5	21	12
6	21	12
7	22	12
8	22	12
9	22	12
10	22	12
11	22	12
12	22	12
13	22	12
14	22	12
15	22	12
16	22	12
17	22	12
18	22	12
19	22	12
20	22	12
21	22	12
22	22	12
23	22	12
24	22	12
25	22	12
26	22	12
27	22	12
28	22	12
29	21	12
30	21	12
31	21	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	37	63
2	36	64
3	36	64
4	35	65
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	35	65
11	35	65
12	36	64
13	37	63
14	38	62
15	39	61
16	39	61
17	41	59
18	41	59
19	41	59
20	41	59
21	41	59
22	40	60
23	40	60
24	38	62
25	38	62
26	36	64
27	36	64
28	33	67
29	32	68
30	32	68
31	30	70

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	42
5	42
6	42
7	42
8	42
9	41
10	41
11	40
12	39
13	39
14	38
15	38
16	38
17	38
18	38
19	38
20	38
21	39
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	41
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	43
30	43
31	43

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	64	21	13	2
2	63	22	13	2
3	63	22	13	2
4	62	22	14	2
5	62	22	14	2
6	61	22	15	2
7	60	23	15	2
8	59	23	16	2
9	58	23	17	2
10	58	23	17	2
11	55	24	18	3
12	54	24	19	3
13	53	25	19	3
14	53	25	19	3
15	52	26	19	3
16	51	27	19	3
17	50	28	19	3
18	49	28	19	3
19	48	29	19	3
20	48	30	19	3
21	47	30	19	3
22	47	31	19	3
23	47	31	18	3
24	48	31	18	3
25	48	31	17	3
26	49	31	17	3
27	50	31	16	3
28	51	30	16	3
29	53	30	15	2
30	54	29	15	2
31	56	28	14	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	11
2	21	12
3	21	12
4	21	12
5	21	12
6	21	12
7	22	12
8	22	12
9	22	12
10	22	12
11	22	12
12	22	12
13	22	12
14	22	12
15	22	12
16	22	12
17	22	12
18	22	12
19	22	12
20	22	12
21	22	12
22	22	12
23	22	12
24	22	12
25	22	12
26	22	12
27	22	12
28	22	12
29	21	12
30	21	12
31	21	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	37	63
2	36	64
3	36	64
4	35	65
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	35	65
11	35	65
12	36	64
13	37	63
14	38	62
15	39	61
16	39	61
17	41	59
18	41	59
19	41	59
20	41	59
21	41	59
22	40	60
23	40	60
24	38	62
25	38	62
26	36	64
27	36	64
28	33	67
29	32	68
30	32	68
31	30	70

	Rain chance (%)
1	43
2	43
3	43
4	42
5	42
6	42
7	42
8	42
9	41
10	41
11	40
12	39
13	39
14	38
15	38
16	38
17	38
18	38
19	38
20	38
21	39
22	39
23	40
24	41
25	41
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	43
30	43
31	43

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	64	21	13	2
2	63	22	13	2
3	63	22	13	2
4	62	22	14	2
5	62	22	14	2
6	61	22	15	2
7	60	23	15	2
8	59	23	16	2
9	58	23	17	2
10	58	23	17	2
11	55	24	18	3
12	54	24	19	3
13	53	25	19	3
14	53	25	19	3
15	52	26	19	3
16	51	27	19	3
17	50	28	19	3
18	49	28	19	3
19	48	29	19	3
20	48	30	19	3
21	47	30	19	3
22	47	31	19	3
23	47	31	18	3
24	48	31	18	3
25	48	31	17	3
26	49	31	17	3
27	50	31	16	3
28	51	30	16	3
29	53	30	15	2
30	54	29	15	2
31	56	28	14	2