Norilsk weather in May
In May, Norilsk sees average daytime highs of -1°C and overnight lows near -7°C, with 50 mm of precipitation across 10.3 wet days and about 20.9 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to 4°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in May, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 17 h 48 min at the start of May to 24 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, May is Norilsk's 4th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Norilsk's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -1°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- -7°
- 8th coldest
- Precipitation
- 50 mm
- 10.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 20 h 30 min
- 2:47 AM – 11:20 PM
- Cloud cover
- 74%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.55 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Norilsk is city in Russia.
- Density
- 6,079/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1935
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in May
Highs climb over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to 4°C by the end.
A typical May day in Norilsk reaches about -1°C in the afternoon and slips back to -7°C overnight — a 6°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -7°C and 5°C. Set against its neighbours, May runs about 8°C warmer than April and about 11°C cooler than June.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -5 | -5 | -5 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | -12 | -12 | -12 | -11 | -11 | -11 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -9 | -9 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -6 | -6 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -5 | -12 |
| 2 | -5 | -12 |
| 3 | -5 | -12 |
| 4 | -4 | -11 |
| 5 | -4 | -11 |
| 6 | -4 | -11 |
| 7 | -3 | -10 |
| 8 | -3 | -10 |
| 9 | -3 | -10 |
| 10 | -3 | -9 |
| 11 | -2 | -9 |
| 12 | -2 | -8 |
| 13 | -2 | -8 |
| 14 | -1 | -8 |
| 15 | -1 | -7 |
| 16 | -1 | -7 |
| 17 | -1 | -7 |
| 18 | 0 | -6 |
| 19 | 0 | -6 |
| 20 | 0 | -5 |
| 21 | 1 | -5 |
| 22 | 1 | -5 |
| 23 | 1 | -4 |
| 24 | 2 | -4 |
| 25 | 2 | -3 |
| 26 | 3 | -3 |
| 27 | 3 | -3 |
| 28 | 3 | -2 |
| 29 | 4 | -2 |
| 30 | 4 | -1 |
| 31 | 4 | -1 |
How May really feels in Norilsk
Once humidity and wind are folded in, May averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in May is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Norilsk weather by month
How May compares with the rest of the year at a glance. May is the 5th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -24° / -30° | 32 | 8.8 | 12 | 1 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -23° / -29° | 30 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 6.5 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -16° / -23° | 38 | 9.7 | 12.1 | 11 | 0.0 |
| Apr | -9° / -16° | 45 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 15.4 | 0.0 |
| May | -1° / -7° | 50 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 20.9 | 0.0 |
| Jun | 11° / 4° | 64 | 11.7 | 2.5 | 24 | 2.3 |
| Jul | 17° / 10° | 75 | 11.2 | 0 | 23.2 | 5.1 |
| Aug | 14° / 8° | 85 | 13.5 | 0.2 | 17.5 | 3.6 |
| Sep | 6° / 1° | 70 | 12.4 | 4.5 | 12.9 | 0.7 |
| Oct | -6° / -11° | 74 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 8.5 | 0.0 |
| Nov | -18° / -23° | 47 | 9.6 | 12.3 | 2.9 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -23° / -28° | 42 | 10 | 13.5 | 0 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in May
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in May.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of May, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 72%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 |
| Cloudier (%) | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 30 | 70 |
| 3 | 30 | 70 |
| 4 | 30 | 70 |
| 5 | 30 | 70 |
| 6 | 30 | 70 |
| 7 | 30 | 70 |
| 8 | 29 | 71 |
| 9 | 29 | 71 |
| 10 | 28 | 72 |
| 11 | 28 | 72 |
| 12 | 28 | 72 |
| 13 | 29 | 71 |
| 14 | 29 | 71 |
| 15 | 29 | 71 |
| 16 | 28 | 72 |
| 17 | 28 | 72 |
| 18 | 28 | 72 |
| 19 | 28 | 72 |
| 20 | 26 | 74 |
| 21 | 26 | 74 |
| 22 | 26 | 74 |
| 23 | 24 | 76 |
| 24 | 24 | 76 |
| 25 | 25 | 75 |
| 26 | 25 | 75 |
| 27 | 25 | 75 |
| 28 | 25 | 75 |
| 29 | 26 | 74 |
| 30 | 26 | 74 |
| 31 | 27 | 73 |
Chance of precipitation in May
Norilsk gets around 50 mm of rain and snow over 10.3 wet days in May. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 33% and peaks near 36% on the wettest days, and about 10 days bring snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
| Snow chance (%) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 30 |
| 2 | 27 | 30 |
| 3 | 27 | 30 |
| 4 | 28 | 31 |
| 5 | 28 | 31 |
| 6 | 29 | 31 |
| 7 | 29 | 31 |
| 8 | 30 | 32 |
| 9 | 30 | 32 |
| 10 | 31 | 32 |
| 11 | 31 | 32 |
| 12 | 32 | 32 |
| 13 | 32 | 32 |
| 14 | 33 | 31 |
| 15 | 33 | 31 |
| 16 | 33 | 31 |
| 17 | 34 | 31 |
| 18 | 34 | 31 |
| 19 | 34 | 31 |
| 20 | 35 | 31 |
| 21 | 35 | 31 |
| 22 | 36 | 30 |
| 23 | 36 | 30 |
| 24 | 36 | 29 |
| 25 | 36 | 29 |
| 26 | 36 | 28 |
| 27 | 36 | 27 |
| 28 | 36 | 26 |
| 29 | 36 | 25 |
| 30 | 36 | 24 |
| 31 | 36 | 23 |
Humidity in May
Most of May feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, May lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in May
Winds average 14 km/h in May.
Across May, daily wind ranges from about 13 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 13 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 13 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
| 31 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in May
Daylight runs from about 17 h 48 min at the start of May to 24 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 17.8 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 19.2 | 19.3 | 19.5 | 19.7 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 21.0 | 21.3 | 21.5 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 23.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 4:11 | 4:06 | 4:01 | 3:56 | 3:50 | 3:45 | 3:40 | 3:34 | 3:29 | 3:23 | 3:18 | 3:12 | 3:06 | 3:00 | 2:54 | 2:47 | 2:40 | 2:33 | 2:26 | 2:18 | 2:10 | 2:00 | 1:49 | 1:34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sunset (PM) | 9:58 | 10:03 | 10:08 | 10:12 | 10:17 | 10:23 | 10:28 | 10:33 | 10:38 | 10:44 | 10:49 | 10:55 | 11:01 | 11:07 | 11:13 | 11:20 | 11:27 | 11:34 | 11:41 | 11:49 | 11:58 | 12:07 | 12:19 | 12:34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17.8 | 4:11 | 9:58 |
| 2 | 17.9 | 4:06 | 10:03 |
| 3 | 18.1 | 4:01 | 10:08 |
| 4 | 18.3 | 3:56 | 10:12 |
| 5 | 18.5 | 3:50 | 10:17 |
| 6 | 18.6 | 3:45 | 10:23 |
| 7 | 18.8 | 3:40 | 10:28 |
| 8 | 19.0 | 3:34 | 10:33 |
| 9 | 19.2 | 3:29 | 10:38 |
| 10 | 19.3 | 3:23 | 10:44 |
| 11 | 19.5 | 3:18 | 10:49 |
| 12 | 19.7 | 3:12 | 10:55 |
| 13 | 19.9 | 3:06 | 11:01 |
| 14 | 20.1 | 3:00 | 11:07 |
| 15 | 20.3 | 2:54 | 11:13 |
| 16 | 20.5 | 2:47 | 11:20 |
| 17 | 20.8 | 2:40 | 11:27 |
| 18 | 21.0 | 2:33 | 11:34 |
| 19 | 21.3 | 2:26 | 11:41 |
| 20 | 21.5 | 2:18 | 11:49 |
| 21 | 21.8 | 2:10 | 11:58 |
| 22 | 22.1 | 2:00 | 12:07 |
| 23 | 22.5 | 1:49 | 12:19 |
| 24 | 23.0 | 1:34 | 12:34 |
| 25 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 26 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 27 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 28 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 29 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 30 | 24.0 | — | — |
| 31 | 24.0 | — | — |
Solar energy in May
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in May, about 5.55 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0 kWh/m² to a high of 5.55 kWh/m² in May across the year — May's 5.55 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.7 | Bright |
Is May a good time to visit Norilsk?
Our two travel scores rate May for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
May is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Norilsk.
What to pack for Norilsk in May
From May's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In May, Norilsk sees daytime highs around -1°C and nights near -7°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear and sun protection. About 10 days see rain.
UV index in Norilsk in May
Clear-sky midday UV in May peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Norilsk peaks around July 15 at about 4 (moderate) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 3 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 0 | Low |
| Mar | 1 | Low |
| Apr | 2 | Moderate |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 1 | Low |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 0 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Norilsk?
Norilsk sits at 69.4°N, 88.2°E, 76 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Talnakh, 17 km away.
Topography around Norilsk
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Norilsk.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Norilsk has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 86 m around an average of 64 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 657 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,136 m.
The land around Norilsk is covered by water (35%) and artificial surfaces (24%) within 3 km, moss and lichen (30%) within 16 km, and grassland (40%) and moss and lichen (24%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Norilsk (69.3535°, 88.2027°, elevation 76 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).