Volgorechensk weather in November
In November, Volgorechensk sees average daytime highs of -0°C and overnight lows near -4°C, with 49 mm of precipitation across 11 wet days and about 7.7 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 2°C in the first days to -3°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 5% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 42 min at the start of November to 6 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Volgorechensk's 10th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Volgorechensk's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -0°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- -4°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 49 mm
- 11 wet days
- Daylight
- 7 h 36 min
- 8:12 AM – 3:49 PM
- Cloud cover
- 90%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 0.47 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Volgorechensk is town in Russia.
- Density
- 993/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1964
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 2°C in the first days to -3°C by the end.
A typical November day in Volgorechensk reaches about -0°C in the afternoon and slips back to -4°C overnight — a 4°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -7°C and 5°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 8°C cooler than October and about 4°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | -1 |
| 2 | 3 | -1 |
| 3 | 2 | -2 |
| 4 | 2 | -2 |
| 5 | 2 | -2 |
| 6 | 2 | -2 |
| 7 | 1 | -2 |
| 8 | 1 | -3 |
| 9 | 1 | -3 |
| 10 | 1 | -3 |
| 11 | 1 | -3 |
| 12 | 0 | -4 |
| 13 | 0 | -4 |
| 14 | 0 | -4 |
| 15 | 0 | -4 |
| 16 | -1 | -4 |
| 17 | -1 | -5 |
| 18 | -1 | -5 |
| 19 | -1 | -5 |
| 20 | -1 | -5 |
| 21 | -2 | -6 |
| 22 | -2 | -6 |
| 23 | -2 | -6 |
| 24 | -2 | -6 |
| 25 | -2 | -6 |
| 26 | -3 | -7 |
| 27 | -3 | -7 |
| 28 | -3 | -7 |
| 29 | -3 | -7 |
| 30 | -3 | -7 |
How November really feels in Volgorechensk
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 30 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Volgorechensk weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -6° / -12° | 40 | 11 | 12.6 | 7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -5° / -11° | 31 | 8.4 | 10 | 9 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 1° / -7° | 34 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 9° / 0° | 40 | 9 | 2.6 | 13.9 | 2.0 |
| May | 17° / 7° | 58 | 10.9 | 0.3 | 16.2 | 5.3 |
| Jun | 21° / 11° | 74 | 12.1 | 0 | 17.6 | 6.0 |
| Jul | 23° / 14° | 73 | 12.8 | 0 | 17 | 6.4 |
| Aug | 21° / 12° | 68 | 12 | 0 | 15 | 6.1 |
| Sep | 15° / 7° | 62 | 10.7 | 0.2 | 12.5 | 4.2 |
| Oct | 7° / 2° | 64 | 12.1 | 3.3 | 10 | 1.0 |
| Nov | -0° / -4° | 49 | 11 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -5° / -9° | 42 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 6.4 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 5% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 3% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 93%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Cloudier (%) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 90 |
| 2 | 10 | 90 |
| 3 | 10 | 90 |
| 4 | 10 | 90 |
| 5 | 9 | 91 |
| 6 | 9 | 91 |
| 7 | 8 | 92 |
| 8 | 7 | 93 |
| 9 | 7 | 93 |
| 10 | 7 | 93 |
| 11 | 6 | 94 |
| 12 | 6 | 94 |
| 13 | 7 | 93 |
| 14 | 7 | 93 |
| 15 | 7 | 93 |
| 16 | 7 | 93 |
| 17 | 7 | 93 |
| 18 | 7 | 93 |
| 19 | 7 | 93 |
| 20 | 7 | 93 |
| 21 | 7 | 93 |
| 22 | 7 | 93 |
| 23 | 7 | 93 |
| 24 | 7 | 93 |
| 25 | 7 | 93 |
| 26 | 7 | 93 |
| 27 | 7 | 93 |
| 28 | 7 | 93 |
| 29 | 6 | 94 |
| 30 | 6 | 94 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Volgorechensk gets around 49 mm of rain and snow over 11 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 37% and peaks near 39% on the wettest days, and about 8 days bring snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Snow chance (%) | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39 | 21 |
| 2 | 39 | 21 |
| 3 | 39 | 22 |
| 4 | 39 | 22 |
| 5 | 39 | 22 |
| 6 | 39 | 23 |
| 7 | 39 | 23 |
| 8 | 39 | 24 |
| 9 | 39 | 24 |
| 10 | 39 | 25 |
| 11 | 39 | 26 |
| 12 | 39 | 26 |
| 13 | 39 | 27 |
| 14 | 39 | 28 |
| 15 | 38 | 28 |
| 16 | 38 | 29 |
| 17 | 37 | 29 |
| 18 | 37 | 30 |
| 19 | 36 | 30 |
| 20 | 36 | 30 |
| 21 | 35 | 31 |
| 22 | 35 | 31 |
| 23 | 34 | 31 |
| 24 | 34 | 31 |
| 25 | 33 | 31 |
| 26 | 33 | 31 |
| 27 | 33 | 31 |
| 28 | 32 | 31 |
| 29 | 32 | 31 |
| 30 | 32 | 31 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 14 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 15 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | light breeze |
| 2 | 14 | light breeze |
| 3 | 14 | light breeze |
| 4 | 14 | light breeze |
| 5 | 15 | light breeze |
| 6 | 15 | light breeze |
| 7 | 15 | light breeze |
| 8 | 14 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 8 h 42 min at the start of November to 6 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 114 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:38 AM to 8:40 AM, and sunset from 4:20 PM to 3:30 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:38 | 7:40 | 7:43 | 7:45 | 7:47 | 7:49 | 7:52 | 7:54 | 7:56 | 7:59 | 8:01 | 8:03 | 8:05 | 8:07 | 8:10 | 8:12 | 8:14 | 8:16 | 8:18 | 8:20 | 8:22 | 8:24 | 8:26 | 8:28 | 8:30 | 8:32 | 8:34 | 8:36 | 8:38 | 8:40 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:20 | 4:18 | 4:15 | 4:13 | 4:11 | 4:09 | 4:07 | 4:05 | 4:03 | 4:01 | 3:59 | 3:57 | 3:55 | 3:53 | 3:51 | 3:49 | 3:48 | 3:46 | 3:44 | 3:43 | 3:41 | 3:40 | 3:38 | 3:37 | 3:36 | 3:34 | 3:33 | 3:32 | 3:31 | 3:30 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.7 | 7:38 | 4:20 |
| 2 | 8.6 | 7:40 | 4:18 |
| 3 | 8.5 | 7:43 | 4:15 |
| 4 | 8.5 | 7:45 | 4:13 |
| 5 | 8.4 | 7:47 | 4:11 |
| 6 | 8.3 | 7:49 | 4:09 |
| 7 | 8.2 | 7:52 | 4:07 |
| 8 | 8.2 | 7:54 | 4:05 |
| 9 | 8.1 | 7:56 | 4:03 |
| 10 | 8.0 | 7:59 | 4:01 |
| 11 | 8.0 | 8:01 | 3:59 |
| 12 | 7.9 | 8:03 | 3:57 |
| 13 | 7.8 | 8:05 | 3:55 |
| 14 | 7.8 | 8:07 | 3:53 |
| 15 | 7.7 | 8:10 | 3:51 |
| 16 | 7.6 | 8:12 | 3:49 |
| 17 | 7.6 | 8:14 | 3:48 |
| 18 | 7.5 | 8:16 | 3:46 |
| 19 | 7.4 | 8:18 | 3:44 |
| 20 | 7.4 | 8:20 | 3:43 |
| 21 | 7.3 | 8:22 | 3:41 |
| 22 | 7.3 | 8:24 | 3:40 |
| 23 | 7.2 | 8:26 | 3:38 |
| 24 | 7.1 | 8:28 | 3:37 |
| 25 | 7.1 | 8:30 | 3:36 |
| 26 | 7.0 | 8:32 | 3:34 |
| 27 | 7.0 | 8:34 | 3:33 |
| 28 | 6.9 | 8:36 | 3:32 |
| 29 | 6.9 | 8:38 | 3:31 |
| 30 | 6.8 | 8:40 | 3:30 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 0.47 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.27 kWh/m² to a high of 5.49 kWh/m² in June across the year — November's 0.47 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 2 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 3 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 4 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 5 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 6 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 7 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 8 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 9 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 10 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 11 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 12 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 13 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 14 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 15 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 16 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 17 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 18 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 19 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 20 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 21 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 22 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 23 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 24 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 25 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 26 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 27 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 28 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 29 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 30 | 0.3 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Volgorechensk?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Volgorechensk.
What to pack for Volgorechensk in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Volgorechensk sees daytime highs around -0°C and nights near -4°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Volgorechensk in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Volgorechensk peaks around July 13 at about 6 (high) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 2 | Moderate |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 5 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Volgorechensk?
Volgorechensk sits at 57.4°N, 41.2°E, 93 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Privolzhsk, 10 km away.
Topography around Volgorechensk
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Volgorechensk.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Volgorechensk has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 56 m around an average of 99 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 126 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 163 m.
The land around Volgorechensk is covered by trees (49%) and grassland (22%) within 3 km, trees (44%), cropland (26%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and trees (65%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Volgorechensk (57.4444°, 41.1634°, elevation 93 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).