Volokolamsk weather in September

In September, Volokolamsk sees average daytime highs of 16°C and overnight lows near 7°C, with 62 mm of precipitation across 10.5 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs ease over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 13°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 16% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 13 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Volokolamsk's 6th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Volokolamsk's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 16°; 5th warmest
Overnight low: 7°; 9th coldest
Precipitation: 62 mm; 10.5 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 30 min; 6:17 AM – 6:44 PM
Cloud cover: 71%; 6th clearest
Wind: 12 km/h; 8th windiest
Solar energy: 2.62 kWh/m²
Travel score: 4.5; out of 10

Volokolamsk is town and administrative center of Volokolamsky District of Moscow Oblast in central Russia.

Density: 2,500/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1135

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← August Volokolamsk year-round climate October →Best places to visit in September

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in September

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs ease over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 13°C by the end.

A typical September day in Volokolamsk reaches about 16°C in the afternoon and slips back to 7°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 10°C and 22°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 6°C cooler than August and about 7°C warmer than October.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Avg high (°C)	19	18	18	18	18	18	17	17	17	17	16	16	16	16	16	15	15	15	15	15	14	14	14	14	14	13	13	13	13	13
Avg low (°C)	10	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	7	7	7	7	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	10
2	18	9
3	18	9
4	18	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	17	9
8	17	9
9	17	8
10	17	8
11	16	8
12	16	8
13	16	8
14	16	7
15	16	7
16	15	7
17	15	7
18	15	7
19	15	6
20	15	6
21	14	6
22	14	6
23	14	6
24	14	6
25	14	5
26	13	5
27	13	5
28	13	5
29	13	5
30	13	5

How September really feels in Volokolamsk

Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Volokolamsk weather by month

How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 5th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	-4° / -10°	36	9.8	11	7.3	0.0
Feb	-3° / -10°	31	8.5	10.1	9.2	0.0
Mar	2° / -5°	33	9.2	7.7	11.4	0.0
Apr	11° / 1°	37	8.9	2.1	13.8	2.5
May	17° / 7°	69	12.2	0.2	16	5.3
Jun	21° / 11°	78	12.4	0	17.2	5.9
Jul	23° / 14°	83	12.9	0	16.7	6.3
Aug	21° / 12°	73	11.6	0	14.8	6.2
Sep	16° / 7°	62	10.5	0.2	12.5	4.5
Oct	8° / 2°	57	11.6	2.3	10.1	1.4
Nov	1° / -3°	46	10.1	6.2	7.9	0.0
Dec	-3° / -7°	38	10.6	10.5	6.8	0.0

Cloud cover in September

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 16% of the time in September.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 70%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Clearer (%)	31	31	30	30	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	29	29	31	31	32	32	32	33	33	33	33	33	33	30	30	30	28	27
Cloudier (%)	69	69	70	70	72	72	72	72	72	72	72	72	71	71	69	69	68	68	68	67	67	67	67	67	67	70	70	70	72	73

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	31	69
2	31	69
3	30	70
4	30	70
5	28	72
6	28	72
7	28	72
8	28	72
9	28	72
10	28	72
11	28	72
12	28	72
13	29	71
14	29	71
15	31	69
16	31	69
17	32	68
18	32	68
19	32	68
20	33	67
21	33	67
22	33	67
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	30	70
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	27	73

Chance of precipitation in September

Any precipitationSnow

Volokolamsk gets around 62 mm of rain and snow over 10.5 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 35% and peaks near 39% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Rain chance (%)	38	38	38	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	38	37	37	36	35	34	33	33	32	32	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	32
Snow chance (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	38	0
2	38	0
3	38	0
4	39	0
5	39	0
6	39	0
7	39	0
8	39	0
9	39	0
10	39	0
11	39	0
12	38	0
13	37	0
14	37	0
15	36	0
16	35	0
17	34	0
18	33	0
19	33	0
20	32	0
21	32	1
22	31	1
23	31	1
24	31	1
25	31	1
26	31	1
27	31	1
28	31	1
29	31	2
30	32	2

Humidity in September

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 94% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Dry (%)	82	84	85	86	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	93	94	95	96	97	97	98	98	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	100	100	100
Comfortable (%)	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	8	7	6	6	5	4	4	3	3	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
Humid (%)	3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	15	3
2	84	14	2
3	85	13	2
4	86	12	2
5	87	11	2
6	88	10	2
7	89	9	2
8	90	8	2
9	91	8	1
10	92	7	1
11	93	6	1
12	93	6	1
13	94	5	1
14	95	4	1
15	96	4	0
16	97	3	0
17	97	3	0
18	98	2	0
19	98	2	0
20	99	1	0
21	99	1	0
22	99	1	0
23	99	1	0
24	99	1	0
25	99	1	0
26	99	1	0
27	99	1	0
28	100	0	0
29	100	0	0
30	100	0	0

Wind in September

Winds average 12 km/h in September.

Across September, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Wind speed (km/h)	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	11	calm
2	12	calm
3	12	calm
4	12	calm
5	12	calm
6	12	calm
7	12	calm
8	12	calm
9	12	calm
10	12	calm
11	12	calm
12	12	calm
13	12	calm
14	12	light breeze
15	12	light breeze
16	12	light breeze
17	12	light breeze
18	12	light breeze
19	12	light breeze
20	12	light breeze
21	12	light breeze
22	12	light breeze
23	12	light breeze
24	12	light breeze
25	12	light breeze
26	12	light breeze
27	13	light breeze
28	13	light breeze
29	13	light breeze
30	13	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in September

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 13 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 138 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:46 AM to 6:45 AM, and sunset from 7:25 PM to 6:06 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Daylight (h)	13.6	13.6	13.5	13.4	13.3	13.3	13.2	13.1	13.0	12.9	12.9	12.8	12.7	12.6	12.5	12.5	12.4	12.3	12.2	12.1	12.1	12.0	11.9	11.8	11.7	11.7	11.6	11.5	11.4	11.3
Sunrise (AM)	5:46	5:48	5:50	5:52	5:55	5:57	5:59	6:01	6:03	6:05	6:07	6:09	6:11	6:13	6:15	6:17	6:19	6:21	6:23	6:25	6:27	6:29	6:31	6:33	6:35	6:37	6:39	6:41	6:43	6:45
Sunset (PM)	7:25	7:23	7:20	7:17	7:14	7:12	7:09	7:06	7:04	7:01	6:58	6:55	6:53	6:50	6:47	6:44	6:41	6:39	6:36	6:33	6:30	6:28	6:25	6:22	6:19	6:17	6:14	6:11	6:08	6:06

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	13.6	5:46	7:25
2	13.6	5:48	7:23
3	13.5	5:50	7:20
4	13.4	5:52	7:17
5	13.3	5:55	7:14
6	13.3	5:57	7:12
7	13.2	5:59	7:09
8	13.1	6:01	7:06
9	13.0	6:03	7:04
10	12.9	6:05	7:01
11	12.9	6:07	6:58
12	12.8	6:09	6:55
13	12.7	6:11	6:53
14	12.6	6:13	6:50
15	12.5	6:15	6:47
16	12.5	6:17	6:44
17	12.4	6:19	6:41
18	12.3	6:21	6:39
19	12.2	6:23	6:36
20	12.1	6:25	6:33
21	12.1	6:27	6:30
22	12.0	6:29	6:28
23	11.9	6:31	6:25
24	11.8	6:33	6:22
25	11.7	6:35	6:19
26	11.7	6:37	6:17
27	11.6	6:39	6:14
28	11.5	6:41	6:11
29	11.4	6:43	6:08
30	11.3	6:45	6:06

Solar energy in September

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 2.62 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.31 kWh/m² to a high of 5.46 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 2.62 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.0
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	3.3	Moderate
2	3.2	Moderate
3	3.2	Moderate
4	3.1	Moderate
5	3.0	Moderate
6	3.0	Moderate
7	3.0	Moderate
8	2.9	Moderate
9	2.9	Moderate
10	2.8	Moderate
11	2.8	Moderate
12	2.7	Moderate
13	2.7	Moderate
14	2.7	Moderate
15	2.6	Moderate
16	2.6	Moderate
17	2.6	Moderate
18	2.5	Moderate
19	2.5	Moderate
20	2.5	Moderate
21	2.4	Moderate
22	2.4	Moderate
23	2.4	Moderate
24	2.3	Moderate
25	2.3	Moderate
26	2.2	Moderate
27	2.2	Moderate
28	2.1	Moderate
29	2.0	Moderate
30	2.0	Moderate

Planning a trip in September

Is September a good time to visit Volokolamsk?

Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

4.5

Sightseeing

5th-best month of the year

0.7

Beach & pool

5th-best month of the year

September is a reasonable time to visit Volokolamsk for sightseeing.

What to pack for Volokolamsk in September

From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In September, Volokolamsk sees daytime highs around 16°C and nights near 7°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 11 days see rain.

a warm layerrain gear

UV index in Volokolamsk in September

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Volokolamsk peaks around July 13 at about 6 (high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 0 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	1	1	2	3	4	6	6	5	4	1	1	0
Level	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	1	Low
Feb	1	Low
Mar	2	Moderate
Apr	3	Moderate
May	4	Moderate
Jun	6	High
Jul	6	High
Aug	5	Moderate
Sep	4	Moderate
Oct	1	Low
Nov	1	Low
Dec	0	Low

Location & terrain

Where is Volokolamsk?

Volokolamsk sits at 56.0°N, 36.0°E, 179 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Tuchkovo, 57 km away.

Topography around Volokolamsk

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Volokolamsk.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Volokolamsk has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 97 m around an average of 198 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 172 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 205 m.

The land around Volokolamsk is covered by trees (31%), cropland (29%) and grassland (28%) within 3 km, trees (52%), grassland (24%) and cropland (23%) within 16 km, and trees (67%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.

3 km

97 m

trees 31%

16 km

172 m

trees 52%

80 km

205 m

trees 67%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswater

← August Volokolamsk year-round climate October →Best places to visit in September

September weather nearby: Tuchkovo 57 km · Istra 57 km · Klin 58 km · Mozhaysk 59 km · Solnechnogorsk 64 km · gorod Solnetchnogorsk 65 km · Zvenigorod 65 km · Kubinka 68 km

Russia travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 4; Do Not Travel
Power plugs: Type C / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 32% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $17,547; 2025
Happiness: 5.8 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 76%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 6.8; per 100k, 2021
Road deaths: 12; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 521
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Volokolamsk (56.0336°, 35.9694°, elevation 179 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	10
2	18	9
3	18	9
4	18	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	17	9
8	17	9
9	17	8
10	17	8
11	16	8
12	16	8
13	16	8
14	16	7
15	16	7
16	15	7
17	15	7
18	15	7
19	15	6
20	15	6
21	14	6
22	14	6
23	14	6
24	14	6
25	14	5
26	13	5
27	13	5
28	13	5
29	13	5
30	13	5

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	31	69
2	31	69
3	30	70
4	30	70
5	28	72
6	28	72
7	28	72
8	28	72
9	28	72
10	28	72
11	28	72
12	28	72
13	29	71
14	29	71
15	31	69
16	31	69
17	32	68
18	32	68
19	32	68
20	33	67
21	33	67
22	33	67
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	30	70
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	27	73

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	38	0
2	38	0
3	38	0
4	39	0
5	39	0
6	39	0
7	39	0
8	39	0
9	39	0
10	39	0
11	39	0
12	38	0
13	37	0
14	37	0
15	36	0
16	35	0
17	34	0
18	33	0
19	33	0
20	32	0
21	32	1
22	31	1
23	31	1
24	31	1
25	31	1
26	31	1
27	31	1
28	31	1
29	31	2
30	32	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	15	3
2	84	14	2
3	85	13	2
4	86	12	2
5	87	11	2
6	88	10	2
7	89	9	2
8	90	8	2
9	91	8	1
10	92	7	1
11	93	6	1
12	93	6	1
13	94	5	1
14	95	4	1
15	96	4	0
16	97	3	0
17	97	3	0
18	98	2	0
19	98	2	0
20	99	1	0
21	99	1	0
22	99	1	0
23	99	1	0
24	99	1	0
25	99	1	0
26	99	1	0
27	99	1	0
28	100	0	0
29	100	0	0
30	100	0	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	10
2	18	9
3	18	9
4	18	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	17	9
8	17	9
9	17	8
10	17	8
11	16	8
12	16	8
13	16	8
14	16	7
15	16	7
16	15	7
17	15	7
18	15	7
19	15	6
20	15	6
21	14	6
22	14	6
23	14	6
24	14	6
25	14	5
26	13	5
27	13	5
28	13	5
29	13	5
30	13	5

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	31	69
2	31	69
3	30	70
4	30	70
5	28	72
6	28	72
7	28	72
8	28	72
9	28	72
10	28	72
11	28	72
12	28	72
13	29	71
14	29	71
15	31	69
16	31	69
17	32	68
18	32	68
19	32	68
20	33	67
21	33	67
22	33	67
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	30	70
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	27	73

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	38	0
2	38	0
3	38	0
4	39	0
5	39	0
6	39	0
7	39	0
8	39	0
9	39	0
10	39	0
11	39	0
12	38	0
13	37	0
14	37	0
15	36	0
16	35	0
17	34	0
18	33	0
19	33	0
20	32	0
21	32	1
22	31	1
23	31	1
24	31	1
25	31	1
26	31	1
27	31	1
28	31	1
29	31	2
30	32	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	15	3
2	84	14	2
3	85	13	2
4	86	12	2
5	87	11	2
6	88	10	2
7	89	9	2
8	90	8	2
9	91	8	1
10	92	7	1
11	93	6	1
12	93	6	1
13	94	5	1
14	95	4	1
15	96	4	0
16	97	3	0
17	97	3	0
18	98	2	0
19	98	2	0
20	99	1	0
21	99	1	0
22	99	1	0
23	99	1	0
24	99	1	0
25	99	1	0
26	99	1	0
27	99	1	0
28	100	0	0
29	100	0	0
30	100	0	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	10
2	18	9
3	18	9
4	18	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	17	9
8	17	9
9	17	8
10	17	8
11	16	8
12	16	8
13	16	8
14	16	7
15	16	7
16	15	7
17	15	7
18	15	7
19	15	6
20	15	6
21	14	6
22	14	6
23	14	6
24	14	6
25	14	5
26	13	5
27	13	5
28	13	5
29	13	5
30	13	5

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	31	69
2	31	69
3	30	70
4	30	70
5	28	72
6	28	72
7	28	72
8	28	72
9	28	72
10	28	72
11	28	72
12	28	72
13	29	71
14	29	71
15	31	69
16	31	69
17	32	68
18	32	68
19	32	68
20	33	67
21	33	67
22	33	67
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	30	70
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	27	73

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	38	0
2	38	0
3	38	0
4	39	0
5	39	0
6	39	0
7	39	0
8	39	0
9	39	0
10	39	0
11	39	0
12	38	0
13	37	0
14	37	0
15	36	0
16	35	0
17	34	0
18	33	0
19	33	0
20	32	0
21	32	1
22	31	1
23	31	1
24	31	1
25	31	1
26	31	1
27	31	1
28	31	1
29	31	2
30	32	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	15	3
2	84	14	2
3	85	13	2
4	86	12	2
5	87	11	2
6	88	10	2
7	89	9	2
8	90	8	2
9	91	8	1
10	92	7	1
11	93	6	1
12	93	6	1
13	94	5	1
14	95	4	1
15	96	4	0
16	97	3	0
17	97	3	0
18	98	2	0
19	98	2	0
20	99	1	0
21	99	1	0
22	99	1	0
23	99	1	0
24	99	1	0
25	99	1	0
26	99	1	0
27	99	1	0
28	100	0	0
29	100	0	0
30	100	0	0