Mugina weather in February
In February, Mugina sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 15°C, with 77 mm of rain across 14.6 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Mugina's 6th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Mugina's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 26°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 15°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 77 mm
- 14.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 06 min
- 6:13 AM – 6:17 PM
- Cloud cover
- 74%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.76 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.5
- out of 10
Mugina is sector and town in Southern Province, Rwanda.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month.
A typical February day in Mugina reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 15°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 15 |
| 2 | 26 | 15 |
| 3 | 26 | 15 |
| 4 | 26 | 15 |
| 5 | 26 | 15 |
| 6 | 26 | 15 |
| 7 | 26 | 15 |
| 8 | 26 | 15 |
| 9 | 26 | 15 |
| 10 | 26 | 15 |
| 11 | 26 | 15 |
| 12 | 26 | 15 |
| 13 | 26 | 15 |
| 14 | 26 | 15 |
| 15 | 26 | 15 |
| 16 | 26 | 15 |
| 17 | 26 | 15 |
| 18 | 26 | 15 |
| 19 | 26 | 15 |
| 20 | 26 | 15 |
| 21 | 26 | 15 |
| 22 | 26 | 15 |
| 23 | 26 | 15 |
| 24 | 26 | 15 |
| 25 | 26 | 15 |
| 26 | 26 | 15 |
| 27 | 26 | 15 |
| 28 | 26 | 15 |
Mugina weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 15° | 77 | 15.4 | 12.1 | 5.7 |
| Feb | 26° / 15° | 77 | 14.6 | 12.1 | 5.5 |
| Mar | 26° / 15° | 105 | 21 | 12 | 4.9 |
| Apr | 25° / 15° | 137 | 24 | 12 | 4.4 |
| May | 25° / 15° | 83 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 25° / 15° | 14 | 2.7 | 11.9 | 7.7 |
| Jul | 26° / 15° | 4 | 0.8 | 11.9 | 8.0 |
| Aug | 26° / 16° | 24 | 4 | 11.9 | 7.3 |
| Sep | 26° / 15° | 54 | 10.3 | 12 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 26° / 15° | 117 | 18.6 | 12 | 5.2 |
| Nov | 25° / 15° | 130 | 22.6 | 12.1 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 25° / 15° | 92 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 76%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 |
| Cloudier (%) | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 72 |
| 2 | 28 | 72 |
| 3 | 27 | 73 |
| 4 | 27 | 73 |
| 5 | 27 | 73 |
| 6 | 27 | 73 |
| 7 | 27 | 73 |
| 8 | 25 | 75 |
| 9 | 25 | 75 |
| 10 | 25 | 75 |
| 11 | 24 | 76 |
| 12 | 23 | 77 |
| 13 | 23 | 77 |
| 14 | 23 | 77 |
| 15 | 22 | 78 |
| 16 | 22 | 78 |
| 17 | 22 | 78 |
| 18 | 22 | 78 |
| 19 | 22 | 78 |
| 20 | 23 | 77 |
| 21 | 23 | 77 |
| 22 | 23 | 77 |
| 23 | 23 | 77 |
| 24 | 23 | 77 |
| 25 | 23 | 77 |
| 26 | 23 | 77 |
| 27 | 24 | 76 |
| 28 | 24 | 76 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Mugina gets around 77 mm of rain over 14.6 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 52% and peaks near 64% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 63 | 64 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 45 |
| 2 | 45 |
| 3 | 45 |
| 4 | 45 |
| 5 | 46 |
| 6 | 46 |
| 7 | 47 |
| 8 | 47 |
| 9 | 48 |
| 10 | 48 |
| 11 | 49 |
| 12 | 49 |
| 13 | 50 |
| 14 | 50 |
| 15 | 51 |
| 16 | 52 |
| 17 | 53 |
| 18 | 54 |
| 19 | 55 |
| 20 | 56 |
| 21 | 57 |
| 22 | 58 |
| 23 | 59 |
| 24 | 60 |
| 25 | 61 |
| 26 | 63 |
| 27 | 63 |
| 28 | 64 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the comfortable band about 60% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Comfortable (%) | 62 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 57 |
| Humid (%) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 62 | 28 |
| 2 | 11 | 61 | 28 |
| 3 | 11 | 61 | 28 |
| 4 | 11 | 61 | 28 |
| 5 | 11 | 60 | 29 |
| 6 | 11 | 60 | 29 |
| 7 | 11 | 60 | 29 |
| 8 | 11 | 60 | 29 |
| 9 | 10 | 60 | 30 |
| 10 | 10 | 60 | 30 |
| 11 | 10 | 60 | 30 |
| 12 | 10 | 59 | 31 |
| 13 | 9 | 60 | 31 |
| 14 | 9 | 60 | 31 |
| 15 | 9 | 60 | 31 |
| 16 | 9 | 59 | 32 |
| 17 | 8 | 60 | 32 |
| 18 | 8 | 60 | 32 |
| 19 | 8 | 60 | 32 |
| 20 | 7 | 60 | 33 |
| 21 | 7 | 60 | 33 |
| 22 | 6 | 60 | 34 |
| 23 | 6 | 60 | 34 |
| 24 | 6 | 59 | 35 |
| 25 | 6 | 59 | 35 |
| 26 | 5 | 59 | 36 |
| 27 | 5 | 58 | 37 |
| 28 | 5 | 57 | 38 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:11 AM to 6:12 AM, and sunset from 6:16 PM to 6:15 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:16 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:17 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:17 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 16 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 21 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 22 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:16 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:12 | 6:15 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:12 | 6:15 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:12 | 6:15 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.76 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.88 kWh/m² to a high of 5.76 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 5.76 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Mugina?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Mugina for sightseeing.
What to pack for Mugina in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Mugina sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 15°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 15 days see rain.
UV index in Mugina in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mugina peaks around March 16 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Mugina in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Mugina is worst in January — around 82 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 82 | 80 | 73 | 66 | 66 | 75 | 67 | 72 | 72 | 68 | 72 | 77 |
| Level | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 82 | Unhealthy |
| Feb | 80 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 73 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 66 | Unhealthy |
| May | 66 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 75 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 67 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 72 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 72 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 68 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 72 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 77 | Unhealthy |
Where is Mugina?
Mugina sits at 2.1°S, 29.9°E, 1,526 m above sea level, in Rwanda. The nearest listed city is Kamuhanda / Ruyenzi, 16 km away.
Topography around Mugina
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mugina.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mugina has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 213 m around an average of 1,476 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 507 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,085 m.
The land around Mugina is covered by cropland (48%) and grassland (37%) within 3 km, cropland (51%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and cropland (39%), trees (24%) and grassland (21%) within 80 km.
Rwanda travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 27% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,124
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2021
- Homicide rate
- 3.6
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 29.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 417
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mugina (-2.1057°, 29.9417°, elevation 1,526 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).