Ha'il weather in September
In September, Ha'il sees average daytime highs of 38°C and overnight lows near 24°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 40°C in the first days to 36°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 84% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Ha'il's 3rd-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ha'il's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 38°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 24°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:03 AM – 6:12 PM
- Cloud cover
- 15%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 12th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.54 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 1.4
- out of 10
Ha'il is City in Saudi Arabia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 40°C in the first days to 36°C by the end.
A typical September day in Ha'il reaches about 38°C in the afternoon and slips back to 24°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 35°C and 40°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 2°C cooler than August and about 6°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
| Avg low (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 40 | 26 |
| 2 | 40 | 26 |
| 3 | 40 | 26 |
| 4 | 39 | 25 |
| 5 | 39 | 25 |
| 6 | 39 | 25 |
| 7 | 39 | 25 |
| 8 | 39 | 25 |
| 9 | 39 | 25 |
| 10 | 39 | 25 |
| 11 | 39 | 24 |
| 12 | 39 | 24 |
| 13 | 38 | 24 |
| 14 | 38 | 24 |
| 15 | 38 | 24 |
| 16 | 38 | 24 |
| 17 | 38 | 24 |
| 18 | 38 | 24 |
| 19 | 38 | 23 |
| 20 | 38 | 23 |
| 21 | 37 | 23 |
| 22 | 37 | 23 |
| 23 | 37 | 23 |
| 24 | 37 | 23 |
| 25 | 37 | 23 |
| 26 | 37 | 22 |
| 27 | 36 | 22 |
| 28 | 36 | 22 |
| 29 | 36 | 22 |
| 30 | 36 | 22 |
How September really feels in Ha'il
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Ha'il weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 6° | 9 | 1.8 | 10.5 | 7.3 |
| Feb | 20° / 8° | 8 | 1.4 | 11 | 8.2 |
| Mar | 24° / 11° | 12 | 2.2 | 11.8 | 8.8 |
| Apr | 29° / 16° | 11 | 2.9 | 12.6 | 6.6 |
| May | 35° / 21° | 4 | 1.2 | 13.3 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 38° / 24° | 0 | 0 | 13.7 | 1.1 |
| Jul | 40° / 26° | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 0.3 |
| Aug | 40° / 26° | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 38° / 24° | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 1.4 |
| Oct | 32° / 19° | 3 | 0.9 | 11.3 | 5.0 |
| Nov | 24° / 12° | 23 | 3.4 | 10.6 | 8.3 |
| Dec | 19° / 8° | 9 | 1.8 | 10.3 | 7.8 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 84% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 3%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 |
| Cloudier (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 96 | 4 |
| 2 | 96 | 4 |
| 3 | 96 | 4 |
| 4 | 97 | 3 |
| 5 | 97 | 3 |
| 6 | 97 | 3 |
| 7 | 97 | 3 |
| 8 | 97 | 3 |
| 9 | 98 | 2 |
| 10 | 98 | 2 |
| 11 | 98 | 2 |
| 12 | 98 | 2 |
| 13 | 98 | 2 |
| 14 | 98 | 2 |
| 15 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 98 | 2 |
| 17 | 98 | 2 |
| 18 | 98 | 2 |
| 19 | 98 | 2 |
| 20 | 97 | 3 |
| 21 | 97 | 3 |
| 22 | 97 | 3 |
| 23 | 97 | 3 |
| 24 | 96 | 4 |
| 25 | 95 | 5 |
| 26 | 95 | 5 |
| 27 | 95 | 5 |
| 28 | 95 | 5 |
| 29 | 95 | 5 |
| 30 | 94 | 6 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Ha'il gets around 0 mm of rain over 0 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 1% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 1 |
| 28 | 1 |
| 29 | 1 |
| 30 | 1 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 12 km/h in September, the calmest month.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | calm |
| 2 | 12 | calm |
| 3 | 12 | calm |
| 4 | 12 | calm |
| 5 | 12 | calm |
| 6 | 12 | calm |
| 7 | 12 | calm |
| 8 | 12 | calm |
| 9 | 12 | calm |
| 10 | 12 | calm |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
| 29 | 12 | calm |
| 30 | 12 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 48 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:56 AM to 6:09 AM, and sunset from 6:30 PM to 5:56 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:09 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.6 | 5:56 | 6:30 |
| 2 | 12.5 | 5:56 | 6:29 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 5:57 | 6:28 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:57 | 6:27 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:58 | 6:26 |
| 6 | 12.4 | 5:58 | 6:24 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 5:59 | 6:23 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 5:59 | 6:22 |
| 9 | 12.4 | 5:59 | 6:21 |
| 10 | 12.3 | 6:00 | 6:20 |
| 11 | 12.3 | 6:00 | 6:18 |
| 12 | 12.3 | 6:01 | 6:17 |
| 13 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:16 |
| 14 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:15 |
| 15 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:14 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:03 | 6:12 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 6:03 | 6:11 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 6:04 | 6:10 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:04 | 6:09 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:08 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:06 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:05 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:04 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:07 | 6:03 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 6:07 | 6:02 |
| 26 | 11.9 | 6:07 | 6:00 |
| 27 | 11.9 | 6:08 | 5:59 |
| 28 | 11.8 | 6:08 | 5:58 |
| 29 | 11.8 | 6:09 | 5:57 |
| 30 | 11.8 | 6:09 | 5:56 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.54 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.89 kWh/m² to a high of 7.89 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 6.54 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Ha'il
In September, Ha'il sits inside its dust season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Ha'il sees seasonal dust haze (March–September), heaviest in May.
Is September a good time to visit Ha'il?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Ha'il.
What to pack for Ha'il in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Ha'il sees daytime highs around 38°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Ha'il in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ha'il peaks around June 23 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 5 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | Very high | Very high | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | Very high |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Extreme |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 6 | High |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Air quality in Ha'il in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Ha'il is worst in March — around 63 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.9× the cleanest month (July, 32 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 40 | 44 | 63 | 59 | 56 | 38 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 37 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 40 | Poor |
| Feb | 44 | Poor |
| Mar | 63 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 59 | Unhealthy |
| May | 56 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 38 | Poor |
| Jul | 32 | Moderate |
| Aug | 32 | Moderate |
| Sep | 32 | Moderate |
| Oct | 35 | Poor |
| Nov | 36 | Poor |
| Dec | 37 | Poor |
Where is Ha'il?
Ha'il sits at 27.5°N, 41.7°E, 1,002 m above sea level, in Saudi Arabia. The nearest listed city is Baq‘ā’, 81 km away.
Topography around Ha'il
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ha'il.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ha'il has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 127 m around an average of 998 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 617 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 836 m.
The land around Ha'il is covered by artificial surfaces (74%) and bare terrain (22%) within 3 km, bare terrain (86%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (97%) within 80 km.
Saudi Arabia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 230 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 47% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $34,537
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2019
- Road deaths
- 35.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 404
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ha'il (27.5219°, 41.6907°, elevation 1,002 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).