Turubah weather in June
In June, Turubah sees average daytime highs of 39°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0 wet days and about 13.8 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 39°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 96% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 42 min at the start of June to 13 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Turubah's 1st-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Turubah's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 39°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 25°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 48 min
- 5:15 AM – 7:02 PM
- Cloud cover
- 4%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 15 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.96 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.4
- out of 10
Temperature in June
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 39°C through the month.
A typical June day in Turubah reaches about 39°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 37°C and 42°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 4°C warmer than May and about 2°C cooler than July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Avg low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 | 25 |
| 2 | 39 | 25 |
| 3 | 39 | 25 |
| 4 | 39 | 25 |
| 5 | 39 | 25 |
| 6 | 39 | 25 |
| 7 | 39 | 25 |
| 8 | 39 | 25 |
| 9 | 39 | 25 |
| 10 | 39 | 25 |
| 11 | 39 | 25 |
| 12 | 39 | 25 |
| 13 | 39 | 25 |
| 14 | 40 | 25 |
| 15 | 40 | 25 |
| 16 | 40 | 25 |
| 17 | 40 | 25 |
| 18 | 40 | 25 |
| 19 | 40 | 25 |
| 20 | 40 | 25 |
| 21 | 40 | 25 |
| 22 | 40 | 25 |
| 23 | 40 | 25 |
| 24 | 40 | 25 |
| 25 | 40 | 25 |
| 26 | 40 | 25 |
| 27 | 40 | 25 |
| 28 | 40 | 26 |
| 29 | 40 | 26 |
| 30 | 40 | 26 |
How June really feels in Turubah
Once humidity and wind are folded in, June averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in June is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Turubah weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 6° | 12 | 2.2 | 10.4 | 6.7 |
| Feb | 19° / 7° | 9 | 1.7 | 11 | 7.9 |
| Mar | 24° / 12° | 12 | 2.2 | 11.8 | 8.7 |
| Apr | 30° / 17° | 11 | 2.2 | 12.7 | 6.6 |
| May | 36° / 22° | 2 | 0.5 | 13.4 | 2.9 |
| Jun | 39° / 25° | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 0.4 |
| Jul | 41° / 27° | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 41° / 27° | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 39° / 24° | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 1.0 |
| Oct | 33° / 19° | 3 | 0.4 | 11.3 | 4.8 |
| Nov | 24° / 12° | 21 | 4 | 10.6 | 8.1 |
| Dec | 18° / 7° | 11 | 2.5 | 10.2 | 7.4 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 96% of the time in June, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 2%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 94 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Cloudier (%) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 94 | 6 |
| 2 | 94 | 6 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 96 | 4 |
| 5 | 97 | 3 |
| 6 | 97 | 3 |
| 7 | 97 | 3 |
| 8 | 97 | 3 |
| 9 | 97 | 3 |
| 10 | 98 | 2 |
| 11 | 98 | 2 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 99 | 1 |
| 15 | 99 | 1 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Turubah gets around 0 mm of rain over 0 wet days in June. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 0% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 |
| 29 | 0 |
| 30 | 0 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in June
Winds average 15 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 15 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | light breeze |
| 2 | 15 | light breeze |
| 3 | 15 | light breeze |
| 4 | 15 | light breeze |
| 5 | 15 | light breeze |
| 6 | 15 | light breeze |
| 7 | 15 | light breeze |
| 8 | 15 | light breeze |
| 9 | 15 | light breeze |
| 10 | 15 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 13 h 42 min at the start of June to 13 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 5:16 AM to 5:18 AM, and sunset from 6:56 PM to 7:05 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:18 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.7 | 5:16 | 6:56 |
| 2 | 13.7 | 5:16 | 6:56 |
| 3 | 13.7 | 5:16 | 6:57 |
| 4 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:57 |
| 5 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:58 |
| 6 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:58 |
| 7 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:59 |
| 8 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:59 |
| 9 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:59 |
| 10 | 13.7 | 5:15 | 7:00 |
| 11 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:00 |
| 12 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:01 |
| 13 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:01 |
| 14 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:01 |
| 15 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:02 |
| 16 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:02 |
| 17 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:02 |
| 18 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:03 |
| 19 | 13.8 | 5:15 | 7:03 |
| 20 | 13.8 | 5:16 | 7:03 |
| 21 | 13.8 | 5:16 | 7:03 |
| 22 | 13.8 | 5:16 | 7:04 |
| 23 | 13.8 | 5:16 | 7:04 |
| 24 | 13.8 | 5:16 | 7:04 |
| 25 | 13.8 | 5:17 | 7:04 |
| 26 | 13.8 | 5:17 | 7:04 |
| 27 | 13.8 | 5:17 | 7:05 |
| 28 | 13.8 | 5:17 | 7:05 |
| 29 | 13.8 | 5:18 | 7:05 |
| 30 | 13.8 | 5:18 | 7:05 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 7.96 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.74 kWh/m² to a high of 7.96 kWh/m² in June across the year — June's 7.96 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 8 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 16 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 18 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.9 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Turubah
In June, Turubah sits inside its dust season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Turubah sees seasonal dust haze (March–September), heaviest in May.
Is June a good time to visit Turubah?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Turubah.
What to pack for Turubah in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Turubah sees daytime highs around 39°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Turubah in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Turubah peaks around July 17 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 23 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | High |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 7 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | High |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Air quality in Turubah in June
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where June falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Turubah is worst in March — around 79 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.7× the cleanest month (September, 46 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 50 | 57 | 79 | 75 | 75 | 55 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 53 | 47 | 46 |
| Level | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 50 | Poor |
| Feb | 57 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 79 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 75 | Unhealthy |
| May | 75 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 55 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 48 | Poor |
| Aug | 47 | Poor |
| Sep | 46 | Poor |
| Oct | 53 | Poor |
| Nov | 47 | Poor |
| Dec | 46 | Poor |
Where is Turubah?
Turubah sits at 28.3°N, 42.9°E, 689 m above sea level, in Saudi Arabia. The nearest listed city is Baq‘ā’, 66 km away.
Topography around Turubah
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Turubah.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Turubah has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 52 m around an average of 702 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 91 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 272 m.
The land around Turubah is covered by bare terrain (90%) within 3 km, bare terrain (99%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (99%) within 80 km.
Saudi Arabia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 230 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 47% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $34,537
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2019
- Road deaths
- 35.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 404
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Turubah (28.2585°, 42.9246°, elevation 689 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).