Cradock weather in July
In July, Cradock sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 3°C, with 17 mm of precipitation across 3 wet days and about 10.1 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 71% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 54 min at the start of July to 10 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Cradock's 1st-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Cradock's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 3°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 17 mm
- 3 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 06 min
- 7:21 AM – 5:26 PM
- Cloud cover
- 27%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.7
- out of 10
Cradock is town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
- Founded
- 1816
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month.
A typical July day in Cradock reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 3°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 10°C and 22°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and about 2°C cooler than August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 3 |
| 2 | 16 | 3 |
| 3 | 16 | 3 |
| 4 | 16 | 3 |
| 5 | 16 | 3 |
| 6 | 16 | 3 |
| 7 | 16 | 3 |
| 8 | 16 | 3 |
| 9 | 16 | 3 |
| 10 | 16 | 3 |
| 11 | 16 | 3 |
| 12 | 16 | 3 |
| 13 | 17 | 3 |
| 14 | 17 | 3 |
| 15 | 17 | 3 |
| 16 | 17 | 3 |
| 17 | 17 | 3 |
| 18 | 17 | 3 |
| 19 | 17 | 3 |
| 20 | 17 | 3 |
| 21 | 17 | 3 |
| 22 | 17 | 3 |
| 23 | 17 | 3 |
| 24 | 17 | 3 |
| 25 | 17 | 3 |
| 26 | 17 | 3 |
| 27 | 17 | 3 |
| 28 | 17 | 3 |
| 29 | 17 | 4 |
| 30 | 17 | 4 |
| 31 | 17 | 4 |
How July really feels in Cradock
Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 14 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in July is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Cradock weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 15° | 95 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 6.4 |
| Feb | 27° / 15° | 88 | 12 | 13.2 | 6.2 |
| Mar | 26° / 13° | 84 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 6.9 |
| Apr | 23° / 10° | 45 | 7.5 | 11.2 | 7.4 |
| May | 20° / 7° | 20 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 7.5 |
| Jun | 17° / 4° | 17 | 3.5 | 9.9 | 6.6 |
| Jul | 17° / 3° | 17 | 3 | 10.1 | 6.7 |
| Aug | 18° / 5° | 20 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 7.3 |
| Sep | 22° / 7° | 25 | 3.8 | 11.8 | 7.9 |
| Oct | 24° / 9° | 44 | 7.4 | 12.8 | 7.6 |
| Nov | 25° / 11° | 59 | 8.7 | 13.6 | 7.2 |
| Dec | 27° / 13° | 73 | 10.3 | 14.1 | 6.7 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 71% of the time in July, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 18%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 |
| Cloudier (%) | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | 18 |
| 2 | 82 | 18 |
| 3 | 83 | 17 |
| 4 | 83 | 17 |
| 5 | 83 | 17 |
| 6 | 83 | 17 |
| 7 | 84 | 16 |
| 8 | 84 | 16 |
| 9 | 84 | 16 |
| 10 | 83 | 17 |
| 11 | 83 | 17 |
| 12 | 83 | 17 |
| 13 | 82 | 18 |
| 14 | 82 | 18 |
| 15 | 82 | 18 |
| 16 | 82 | 18 |
| 17 | 82 | 18 |
| 18 | 82 | 18 |
| 19 | 81 | 19 |
| 20 | 81 | 19 |
| 21 | 81 | 19 |
| 22 | 81 | 19 |
| 23 | 80 | 20 |
| 24 | 80 | 20 |
| 25 | 80 | 20 |
| 26 | 80 | 20 |
| 27 | 79 | 21 |
| 28 | 79 | 21 |
| 29 | 79 | 21 |
| 30 | 79 | 21 |
| 31 | 79 | 21 |
Chance of precipitation in July
Cradock gets around 17 mm of rain and snow over 3 wet days in July. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 10% and peaks near 13% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 8 |
| 4 | 8 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 6 | 7 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 | 7 |
| 9 | 8 |
| 10 | 8 |
| 11 | 8 |
| 12 | 8 |
| 13 | 9 |
| 14 | 9 |
| 15 | 9 |
| 16 | 10 |
| 17 | 11 |
| 18 | 11 |
| 19 | 12 |
| 20 | 12 |
| 21 | 12 |
| 22 | 12 |
| 23 | 12 |
| 24 | 12 |
| 25 | 13 |
| 26 | 13 |
| 27 | 13 |
| 28 | 13 |
| 29 | 13 |
| 30 | 13 |
| 31 | 13 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in July
Winds average 11 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
| 31 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 9 h 54 min at the start of July to 10 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 30 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 7:23 AM to 7:12 AM, and sunset from 5:18 PM to 5:35 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:35 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.9 | 7:23 | 5:18 |
| 2 | 9.9 | 7:23 | 5:19 |
| 3 | 9.9 | 7:23 | 5:19 |
| 4 | 9.9 | 7:23 | 5:20 |
| 5 | 9.9 | 7:23 | 5:20 |
| 6 | 10.0 | 7:23 | 5:20 |
| 7 | 10.0 | 7:23 | 5:21 |
| 8 | 10.0 | 7:23 | 5:21 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:23 | 5:22 |
| 10 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:22 |
| 11 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:23 |
| 12 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:23 |
| 13 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:24 |
| 14 | 10.1 | 7:21 | 5:24 |
| 15 | 10.1 | 7:21 | 5:25 |
| 16 | 10.1 | 7:21 | 5:26 |
| 17 | 10.1 | 7:20 | 5:26 |
| 18 | 10.1 | 7:20 | 5:27 |
| 19 | 10.1 | 7:19 | 5:27 |
| 20 | 10.2 | 7:19 | 5:28 |
| 21 | 10.2 | 7:18 | 5:29 |
| 22 | 10.2 | 7:18 | 5:29 |
| 23 | 10.2 | 7:17 | 5:30 |
| 24 | 10.2 | 7:17 | 5:31 |
| 25 | 10.2 | 7:16 | 5:31 |
| 26 | 10.3 | 7:16 | 5:32 |
| 27 | 10.3 | 7:15 | 5:32 |
| 28 | 10.3 | 7:14 | 5:33 |
| 29 | 10.3 | 7:14 | 5:34 |
| 30 | 10.4 | 7:13 | 5:34 |
| 31 | 10.4 | 7:12 | 5:35 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 3.34 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.08 kWh/m² to a high of 7.56 kWh/m² in December across the year — July's 3.34 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 31 | 3.6 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Cradock
None of Cradock's seasonal hazards are active in July. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Cradock's rainy season runs October–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is July a good time to visit Cradock?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is a reasonable time to visit Cradock for sightseeing.
What to pack for Cradock in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, Cradock sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 3°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Cradock in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Cradock peaks around January 14 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 22 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 10 | Extreme |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 5 | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 5 | High |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Cradock?
Cradock sits at 32.2°S, 25.6°E, 896 m above sea level, in South Africa. The nearest listed city is Somerset East, 62 km away.
Topography around Cradock
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Cradock.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Cradock has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 157 m around an average of 915 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,015 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,857 m.
The land around Cradock is covered by grassland (57%) within 3 km, grassland (66%) and shrubs (25%) within 16 km, and grassland (76%) within 80 km.
South Africa travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / M / N
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 41% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,598
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 68%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 43.7
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 22.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 602
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Cradock (-32.1642°, 25.6192°, elevation 896 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).