Upington weather in July
In July, Upington sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 4 mm of rain across 0.9 wet days and about 10.4 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 84% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of July to 10 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Upington's 1st-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Upington's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 1st coldest
- Rainfall
- 4 mm
- 0.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 24 min
- 7:30 AM – 5:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 14%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.95 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.7
- out of 10
Upington is town in South Africa.
- Density
- 123/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1873
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month.
A typical July day in Upington reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 15°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 14°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and about 2°C cooler than August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 5 |
| 2 | 20 | 5 |
| 3 | 20 | 5 |
| 4 | 20 | 5 |
| 5 | 20 | 5 |
| 6 | 20 | 5 |
| 7 | 20 | 5 |
| 8 | 20 | 5 |
| 9 | 20 | 5 |
| 10 | 20 | 5 |
| 11 | 20 | 5 |
| 12 | 20 | 5 |
| 13 | 20 | 5 |
| 14 | 20 | 5 |
| 15 | 20 | 5 |
| 16 | 20 | 5 |
| 17 | 20 | 5 |
| 18 | 21 | 5 |
| 19 | 21 | 5 |
| 20 | 21 | 5 |
| 21 | 21 | 5 |
| 22 | 21 | 5 |
| 23 | 21 | 5 |
| 24 | 21 | 5 |
| 25 | 21 | 5 |
| 26 | 21 | 6 |
| 27 | 21 | 6 |
| 28 | 21 | 6 |
| 29 | 21 | 6 |
| 30 | 21 | 6 |
| 31 | 21 | 6 |
How July really feels in Upington
Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
July sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Upington weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35° / 22° | 35 | 5.4 | 13.6 | 2.9 |
| Feb | 35° / 22° | 31 | 6.4 | 13 | 3.2 |
| Mar | 33° / 20° | 36 | 5.5 | 12.2 | 4.5 |
| Apr | 28° / 15° | 25 | 3.6 | 11.3 | 7.4 |
| May | 24° / 10° | 12 | 1.8 | 10.6 | 8.9 |
| Jun | 21° / 6° | 5 | 0.8 | 10.2 | 8.6 |
| Jul | 21° / 5° | 4 | 0.9 | 10.4 | 8.7 |
| Aug | 23° / 7° | 3 | 0.6 | 11 | 9.2 |
| Sep | 27° / 11° | 5 | 0.9 | 11.8 | 8.6 |
| Oct | 30° / 15° | 14 | 2.3 | 12.7 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 32° / 18° | 13 | 2.4 | 13.4 | 4.9 |
| Dec | 35° / 20° | 27 | 3.9 | 13.8 | 3.4 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 84% of the time in July, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 8%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 |
| Cloudier (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 91 | 9 |
| 2 | 91 | 9 |
| 3 | 91 | 9 |
| 4 | 91 | 9 |
| 5 | 92 | 8 |
| 6 | 92 | 8 |
| 7 | 92 | 8 |
| 8 | 92 | 8 |
| 9 | 92 | 8 |
| 10 | 93 | 7 |
| 11 | 93 | 7 |
| 12 | 93 | 7 |
| 13 | 93 | 7 |
| 14 | 93 | 7 |
| 15 | 94 | 6 |
| 16 | 94 | 6 |
| 17 | 93 | 7 |
| 18 | 93 | 7 |
| 19 | 93 | 7 |
| 20 | 92 | 8 |
| 21 | 92 | 8 |
| 22 | 92 | 8 |
| 23 | 92 | 8 |
| 24 | 92 | 8 |
| 25 | 92 | 8 |
| 26 | 91 | 9 |
| 27 | 91 | 9 |
| 28 | 91 | 9 |
| 29 | 91 | 9 |
| 30 | 91 | 9 |
| 31 | 91 | 9 |
Chance of precipitation in July
Upington gets around 4 mm of rain over 0.9 wet days in July. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 3% and peaks near 3% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 2 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 |
| 9 | 2 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 11 | 3 |
| 12 | 3 |
| 13 | 3 |
| 14 | 3 |
| 15 | 3 |
| 16 | 3 |
| 17 | 3 |
| 18 | 3 |
| 19 | 3 |
| 20 | 3 |
| 21 | 3 |
| 22 | 3 |
| 23 | 3 |
| 24 | 3 |
| 25 | 3 |
| 26 | 3 |
| 27 | 3 |
| 28 | 3 |
| 29 | 3 |
| 30 | 3 |
| 31 | 3 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in July
Winds average 14 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 13 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 13 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 14 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
| 31 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of July to 10 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 24 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 7:32 AM to 7:23 AM, and sunset from 5:45 PM to 5:59 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:30 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:45 |
| 2 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:45 |
| 3 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:45 |
| 4 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:46 |
| 5 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:46 |
| 6 | 10.2 | 7:32 | 5:47 |
| 7 | 10.3 | 7:32 | 5:47 |
| 8 | 10.3 | 7:32 | 5:47 |
| 9 | 10.3 | 7:32 | 5:48 |
| 10 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:48 |
| 11 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:49 |
| 12 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:49 |
| 13 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:50 |
| 14 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:50 |
| 15 | 10.3 | 7:30 | 5:51 |
| 16 | 10.4 | 7:30 | 5:51 |
| 17 | 10.4 | 7:30 | 5:52 |
| 18 | 10.4 | 7:29 | 5:52 |
| 19 | 10.4 | 7:29 | 5:53 |
| 20 | 10.4 | 7:29 | 5:53 |
| 21 | 10.4 | 7:28 | 5:54 |
| 22 | 10.4 | 7:28 | 5:54 |
| 23 | 10.5 | 7:27 | 5:55 |
| 24 | 10.5 | 7:27 | 5:55 |
| 25 | 10.5 | 7:26 | 5:56 |
| 26 | 10.5 | 7:26 | 5:57 |
| 27 | 10.5 | 7:25 | 5:57 |
| 28 | 10.6 | 7:25 | 5:58 |
| 29 | 10.6 | 7:24 | 5:58 |
| 30 | 10.6 | 7:23 | 5:59 |
| 31 | 10.6 | 7:23 | 5:59 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 3.95 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.65 kWh/m² to a high of 8.6 kWh/m² in December across the year — July's 3.95 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 17 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 18 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 19 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 20 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 31 | 4.3 | Bright |
Is July a good time to visit Upington?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is one of the better times to visit Upington for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Upington in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, Upington sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 5°C. Worth packing: a warm layer.
UV index in Upington in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Upington peaks around January 15 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 5 | Moderate |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Upington?
Upington sits at 28.4°S, 21.3°E, 808 m above sea level, in South Africa. The nearest listed city is Postmasburg, 177 km away.
Topography around Upington
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Upington.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Upington has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 60 m around an average of 804 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 232 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 584 m.
The land around Upington is covered by artificial surfaces (27%), shrubs (26%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and shrubs (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (49%) and shrubs (38%) within 80 km.
South Africa travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / M / N
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 41% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,598
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 68%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 43.7
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 22.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 602
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Upington (-28.4478°, 21.2561°, elevation 808 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).