Arganda weather in January
In January, Arganda sees average daytime highs of 10°C and overnight lows near 2°C, with 40 mm of precipitation across 7.2 wet days and about 9.5 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 10°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 12 min at the start of January to 9 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Arganda's 11th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Arganda's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 10°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 2°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 40 mm
- 7.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 24 min
- 8:40 AM – 6:06 PM
- Cloud cover
- 56%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.14 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.6
- out of 10
Arganda is human settlement in Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 10°C through the month.
A typical January day in Arganda reaches about 10°C in the afternoon and slips back to 2°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 7°C and 14°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 2°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg low (°C) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 2 |
| 2 | 10 | 2 |
| 3 | 10 | 2 |
| 4 | 10 | 2 |
| 5 | 10 | 2 |
| 6 | 10 | 2 |
| 7 | 10 | 2 |
| 8 | 10 | 2 |
| 9 | 10 | 2 |
| 10 | 10 | 2 |
| 11 | 10 | 2 |
| 12 | 10 | 2 |
| 13 | 10 | 2 |
| 14 | 10 | 2 |
| 15 | 10 | 2 |
| 16 | 10 | 2 |
| 17 | 10 | 2 |
| 18 | 10 | 2 |
| 19 | 10 | 2 |
| 20 | 10 | 2 |
| 21 | 10 | 2 |
| 22 | 10 | 2 |
| 23 | 11 | 2 |
| 24 | 11 | 2 |
| 25 | 11 | 2 |
| 26 | 11 | 2 |
| 27 | 11 | 2 |
| 28 | 11 | 2 |
| 29 | 11 | 2 |
| 30 | 11 | 2 |
| 31 | 11 | 2 |
How January really feels in Arganda
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in January is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Arganda weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / 2° | 40 | 7.2 | 0.6 | 9.5 | 2.6 |
| Feb | 13° / 3° | 35 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 10.4 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 16° / 5° | 42 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 5.6 |
| Apr | 19° / 8° | 52 | 8.2 | 0 | 13 | 6.4 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 48 | 8.2 | 0 | 14.2 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 29° / 16° | 22 | 4.1 | 0 | 14.8 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 8 | 1.5 | 0 | 14.6 | 4.2 |
| Aug | 33° / 19° | 12 | 2.9 | 0 | 13.6 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 27° / 15° | 26 | 4.2 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| Oct | 21° / 11° | 62 | 7.9 | 0 | 10.9 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 14° / 6° | 55 | 7.8 | 0 | 9.8 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 11° / 3° | 48 | 7.4 | 0.4 | 9.2 | 2.8 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 50%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 |
| Cloudier (%) | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48 | 52 |
| 2 | 48 | 52 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 47 | 53 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 48 | 52 |
| 9 | 49 | 51 |
| 10 | 49 | 51 |
| 11 | 49 | 51 |
| 12 | 49 | 51 |
| 13 | 49 | 51 |
| 14 | 49 | 51 |
| 15 | 50 | 50 |
| 16 | 50 | 50 |
| 17 | 50 | 50 |
| 18 | 51 | 49 |
| 19 | 51 | 49 |
| 20 | 51 | 49 |
| 21 | 51 | 49 |
| 22 | 50 | 50 |
| 23 | 50 | 50 |
| 24 | 50 | 50 |
| 25 | 50 | 50 |
| 26 | 50 | 50 |
| 27 | 50 | 50 |
| 28 | 51 | 49 |
| 29 | 51 | 49 |
| 30 | 51 | 49 |
| 31 | 52 | 48 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Arganda gets around 40 mm of rain and snow over 7.2 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 24% and peaks near 24% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Snow chance (%) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 2 |
| 2 | 24 | 3 |
| 3 | 24 | 3 |
| 4 | 24 | 3 |
| 5 | 24 | 3 |
| 6 | 24 | 3 |
| 7 | 24 | 3 |
| 8 | 23 | 3 |
| 9 | 23 | 3 |
| 10 | 23 | 3 |
| 11 | 23 | 2 |
| 12 | 23 | 2 |
| 13 | 23 | 2 |
| 14 | 23 | 2 |
| 15 | 23 | 2 |
| 16 | 23 | 1 |
| 17 | 23 | 1 |
| 18 | 23 | 1 |
| 19 | 23 | 1 |
| 20 | 23 | 1 |
| 21 | 23 | 1 |
| 22 | 24 | 1 |
| 23 | 24 | 1 |
| 24 | 24 | 1 |
| 25 | 24 | 1 |
| 26 | 24 | 2 |
| 27 | 24 | 2 |
| 28 | 24 | 2 |
| 29 | 24 | 2 |
| 30 | 24 | 2 |
| 31 | 24 | 2 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in January
Winds average 9 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 9 h 12 min at the start of January to 9 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 42 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 8:42 AM to 8:31 AM, and sunset from 5:52 PM to 6:23 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:40 | 8:40 | 8:40 | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:38 | 8:38 | 8:37 | 8:36 | 8:36 | 8:35 | 8:34 | 8:34 | 8:33 | 8:32 | 8:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:22 | 6:23 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:52 |
| 2 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:53 |
| 3 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:54 |
| 4 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:54 |
| 5 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:55 |
| 6 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:56 |
| 7 | 9.2 | 8:42 | 5:57 |
| 8 | 9.3 | 8:42 | 5:58 |
| 9 | 9.3 | 8:42 | 5:59 |
| 10 | 9.3 | 8:42 | 6:00 |
| 11 | 9.3 | 8:42 | 6:01 |
| 12 | 9.3 | 8:41 | 6:02 |
| 13 | 9.4 | 8:41 | 6:03 |
| 14 | 9.4 | 8:41 | 6:04 |
| 15 | 9.4 | 8:41 | 6:05 |
| 16 | 9.4 | 8:40 | 6:06 |
| 17 | 9.4 | 8:40 | 6:07 |
| 18 | 9.5 | 8:40 | 6:08 |
| 19 | 9.5 | 8:39 | 6:09 |
| 20 | 9.5 | 8:39 | 6:10 |
| 21 | 9.6 | 8:38 | 6:11 |
| 22 | 9.6 | 8:38 | 6:12 |
| 23 | 9.6 | 8:37 | 6:13 |
| 24 | 9.6 | 8:36 | 6:15 |
| 25 | 9.7 | 8:36 | 6:16 |
| 26 | 9.7 | 8:35 | 6:17 |
| 27 | 9.7 | 8:34 | 6:18 |
| 28 | 9.8 | 8:34 | 6:19 |
| 29 | 9.8 | 8:33 | 6:20 |
| 30 | 9.8 | 8:32 | 6:22 |
| 31 | 9.9 | 8:31 | 6:23 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 2.14 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.85 kWh/m² to a high of 7.84 kWh/m² in July across the year — January's 2.14 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 8 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 9 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 10 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 11 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 31 | 2.6 | Moderate |
Is January a good time to visit Arganda?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Arganda.
What to pack for Arganda in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Arganda sees daytime highs around 10°C and nights near 2°C. Pack a warm layer. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Arganda in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Arganda peaks around July 15 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Arganda?
Arganda sits at 40.3°N, 3.4°W, 626 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Rivas-Vaciamadrid, 7.0 km away.
Topography around Arganda
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Arganda.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Arganda has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 208 m around an average of 636 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 371 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,979 m.
The land around Arganda is covered by grassland (46%), artificial surfaces (23%) and trees (22%) within 3 km, grassland (39%) and cropland (35%) within 16 km, and cropland (46%) and grassland (28%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Arganda (40.3008°, -3.4372°, elevation 626 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).