Daimiel weather in July
In July, Daimiel sees average daytime highs of 34°C and overnight lows near 19°C, with 5 mm of rain across 1.4 wet days and about 14.5 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 33°C in the first days to 35°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 86% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 42 min at the start of July to 14 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Daimiel's 1st-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Daimiel's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 34°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 19°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 5 mm
- 1.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 14 h 30 min
- 6:05 AM – 8:35 PM
- Cloud cover
- 15%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.91 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.0
- out of 10
Daimiel is capital of Daimiel Municipality, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Highs climb over the month, from about 33°C in the first days to 35°C by the end.
A typical July day in Daimiel reaches about 34°C in the afternoon and slips back to 19°C overnight — a 15°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 30°C and 38°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs about 4°C warmer than June and on par with August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Avg low (°C) | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 18 |
| 2 | 33 | 19 |
| 3 | 33 | 19 |
| 4 | 33 | 19 |
| 5 | 33 | 19 |
| 6 | 33 | 19 |
| 7 | 33 | 19 |
| 8 | 33 | 19 |
| 9 | 33 | 19 |
| 10 | 34 | 19 |
| 11 | 34 | 19 |
| 12 | 34 | 19 |
| 13 | 34 | 19 |
| 14 | 34 | 19 |
| 15 | 34 | 19 |
| 16 | 34 | 20 |
| 17 | 34 | 20 |
| 18 | 34 | 20 |
| 19 | 34 | 20 |
| 20 | 35 | 20 |
| 21 | 35 | 20 |
| 22 | 35 | 20 |
| 23 | 35 | 20 |
| 24 | 35 | 20 |
| 25 | 35 | 20 |
| 26 | 35 | 20 |
| 27 | 35 | 20 |
| 28 | 35 | 20 |
| 29 | 35 | 20 |
| 30 | 35 | 20 |
| 31 | 35 | 20 |
How July really feels in Daimiel
Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 31 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in July is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Daimiel weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11° / 2° | 35 | 7.2 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 3.1 |
| Feb | 13° / 3° | 34 | 6.1 | 0.3 | 10.5 | 4.1 |
| Mar | 17° / 5° | 39 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 11.7 | 5.9 |
| Apr | 19° / 8° | 46 | 8.1 | 0 | 13 | 6.5 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 40 | 7.8 | 0 | 14.1 | 7.3 |
| Jun | 30° / 16° | 16 | 3.4 | 0 | 14.7 | 6.2 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 5 | 1.4 | 0 | 14.5 | 4.0 |
| Aug | 34° / 19° | 8 | 2.1 | 0 | 13.5 | 4.2 |
| Sep | 28° / 15° | 25 | 4.5 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| Oct | 22° / 11° | 46 | 7.1 | 0 | 11 | 7.2 |
| Nov | 15° / 6° | 44 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 9.9 | 5.0 |
| Dec | 12° / 3° | 46 | 7.1 | 0.3 | 9.3 | 3.4 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 86% of the time in July, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 9% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 5%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 91 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 |
| Cloudier (%) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 91 | 9 |
| 2 | 91 | 9 |
| 3 | 92 | 8 |
| 4 | 93 | 7 |
| 5 | 93 | 7 |
| 6 | 93 | 7 |
| 7 | 93 | 7 |
| 8 | 93 | 7 |
| 9 | 94 | 6 |
| 10 | 94 | 6 |
| 11 | 94 | 6 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 95 | 5 |
| 15 | 95 | 5 |
| 16 | 96 | 4 |
| 17 | 96 | 4 |
| 18 | 96 | 4 |
| 19 | 97 | 3 |
| 20 | 97 | 3 |
| 21 | 97 | 3 |
| 22 | 97 | 3 |
| 23 | 97 | 3 |
| 24 | 97 | 3 |
| 25 | 97 | 3 |
| 26 | 96 | 4 |
| 27 | 96 | 4 |
| 28 | 96 | 4 |
| 29 | 96 | 4 |
| 30 | 96 | 4 |
| 31 | 95 | 5 |
Chance of precipitation in July
Daimiel gets around 5 mm of rain over 1.4 wet days in July, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 5% and peaks near 6% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 6 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 5 |
| 7 | 5 |
| 8 | 5 |
| 9 | 5 |
| 10 | 5 |
| 11 | 5 |
| 12 | 5 |
| 13 | 5 |
| 14 | 5 |
| 15 | 5 |
| 16 | 5 |
| 17 | 5 |
| 18 | 5 |
| 19 | 5 |
| 20 | 4 |
| 21 | 4 |
| 22 | 4 |
| 23 | 4 |
| 24 | 4 |
| 25 | 4 |
| 26 | 4 |
| 27 | 4 |
| 28 | 4 |
| 29 | 4 |
| 30 | 4 |
| 31 | 5 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 94% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 |
| Comfortable (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 94 | 6 |
| 2 | 94 | 6 |
| 3 | 94 | 6 |
| 4 | 94 | 6 |
| 5 | 94 | 6 |
| 6 | 95 | 5 |
| 7 | 95 | 5 |
| 8 | 95 | 5 |
| 9 | 95 | 5 |
| 10 | 95 | 5 |
| 11 | 95 | 5 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 94 | 6 |
| 15 | 94 | 6 |
| 16 | 94 | 6 |
| 17 | 94 | 6 |
| 18 | 94 | 6 |
| 19 | 94 | 6 |
| 20 | 94 | 6 |
| 21 | 94 | 6 |
| 22 | 94 | 6 |
| 23 | 94 | 6 |
| 24 | 94 | 6 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 |
| 26 | 93 | 7 |
| 27 | 93 | 7 |
| 28 | 93 | 7 |
| 29 | 93 | 7 |
| 30 | 92 | 8 |
| 31 | 92 | 8 |
Wind in July
Winds average 9 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
| 31 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 14 h 42 min at the start of July to 14 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 36 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 5:56 AM to 6:18 AM, and sunset from 8:39 PM to 8:24 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:39 | 8:38 | 8:38 | 8:38 | 8:37 | 8:37 | 8:37 | 8:36 | 8:36 | 8:35 | 8:35 | 8:34 | 8:34 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:32 | 8:31 | 8:30 | 8:30 | 8:29 | 8:28 | 8:27 | 8:26 | 8:25 | 8:24 | 8:24 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.7 | 5:56 | 8:39 |
| 2 | 14.7 | 5:57 | 8:39 |
| 3 | 14.7 | 5:57 | 8:39 |
| 4 | 14.7 | 5:58 | 8:39 |
| 5 | 14.7 | 5:58 | 8:39 |
| 6 | 14.7 | 5:59 | 8:39 |
| 7 | 14.6 | 5:59 | 8:38 |
| 8 | 14.6 | 6:00 | 8:38 |
| 9 | 14.6 | 6:01 | 8:38 |
| 10 | 14.6 | 6:01 | 8:37 |
| 11 | 14.6 | 6:02 | 8:37 |
| 12 | 14.6 | 6:02 | 8:37 |
| 13 | 14.6 | 6:03 | 8:36 |
| 14 | 14.5 | 6:04 | 8:36 |
| 15 | 14.5 | 6:05 | 8:35 |
| 16 | 14.5 | 6:05 | 8:35 |
| 17 | 14.5 | 6:06 | 8:34 |
| 18 | 14.4 | 6:07 | 8:34 |
| 19 | 14.4 | 6:08 | 8:33 |
| 20 | 14.4 | 6:08 | 8:33 |
| 21 | 14.4 | 6:09 | 8:32 |
| 22 | 14.4 | 6:10 | 8:31 |
| 23 | 14.3 | 6:11 | 8:30 |
| 24 | 14.3 | 6:12 | 8:30 |
| 25 | 14.3 | 6:12 | 8:29 |
| 26 | 14.2 | 6:13 | 8:28 |
| 27 | 14.2 | 6:14 | 8:27 |
| 28 | 14.2 | 6:15 | 8:26 |
| 29 | 14.2 | 6:16 | 8:25 |
| 30 | 14.1 | 6:17 | 8:24 |
| 31 | 14.1 | 6:18 | 8:24 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 7.91 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.04 kWh/m² to a high of 7.91 kWh/m² in July across the year — July's 7.91 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 3 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 4 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 6 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 8 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 31 | 7.6 | Intense |
Is July a good time to visit Daimiel?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is a reasonable time to visit Daimiel for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Daimiel in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, Daimiel sees daytime highs around 34°C and nights near 19°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Daimiel in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Daimiel peaks around July 17 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Daimiel?
Daimiel sits at 39.1°N, 3.6°W, 624 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Manzanares, 23 km away.
Topography around Daimiel
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Daimiel.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Daimiel has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 25 m around an average of 624 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 133 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 997 m.
The land around Daimiel is covered by cropland (55%) within 3 km, cropland (76%) within 16 km, and cropland (53%), trees (20%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Daimiel (39.07°, -3.615°, elevation 624 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).