Galapagar weather in May
In May, Galapagar sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 50 mm of rain across 9.3 wet days and about 14.2 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 24°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in May, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 42 min at the start of May to 14 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, May is Galapagar's 7th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Galapagar's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 50 mm
- 9.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 14 h 12 min
- 6:05 AM – 8:20 PM
- Cloud cover
- 52%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.73 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.8
- out of 10
Galapagar is capital of Galapagar Municipality, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in May
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 24°C by the end.
A typical May day in Galapagar reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, May runs about 4°C warmer than April and about 6°C cooler than June.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 8 |
| 2 | 19 | 8 |
| 3 | 19 | 8 |
| 4 | 19 | 8 |
| 5 | 19 | 9 |
| 6 | 19 | 9 |
| 7 | 20 | 9 |
| 8 | 20 | 9 |
| 9 | 20 | 9 |
| 10 | 20 | 9 |
| 11 | 20 | 9 |
| 12 | 20 | 9 |
| 13 | 21 | 10 |
| 14 | 21 | 10 |
| 15 | 21 | 10 |
| 16 | 21 | 10 |
| 17 | 21 | 10 |
| 18 | 22 | 10 |
| 19 | 22 | 11 |
| 20 | 22 | 11 |
| 21 | 22 | 11 |
| 22 | 22 | 11 |
| 23 | 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 23 | 11 |
| 25 | 23 | 12 |
| 26 | 23 | 12 |
| 27 | 23 | 12 |
| 28 | 24 | 12 |
| 29 | 24 | 12 |
| 30 | 24 | 12 |
| 31 | 24 | 12 |
How May really feels in Galapagar
Once humidity and wind are folded in, May averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
May sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Galapagar weather by month
How May compares with the rest of the year at a glance. May is the 5th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9° / 1° | 47 | 7.5 | 2 | 9.4 | 1.9 |
| Feb | 11° / 2° | 38 | 6.4 | 1.7 | 10.4 | 3.0 |
| Mar | 15° / 4° | 48 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 11.7 | 4.7 |
| Apr | 17° / 6° | 54 | 9.3 | 0.3 | 13 | 5.5 |
| May | 21° / 10° | 50 | 9.3 | 0 | 14.2 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 27° / 15° | 23 | 4.8 | 0 | 14.8 | 7.2 |
| Jul | 31° / 18° | 9 | 2.1 | 0 | 14.6 | 5.6 |
| Aug | 31° / 17° | 11 | 2.9 | 0 | 13.6 | 5.8 |
| Sep | 26° / 14° | 27 | 5.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.7 |
| Oct | 19° / 9° | 69 | 8.1 | 0 | 10.9 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 13° / 5° | 62 | 7.7 | 0.4 | 9.7 | 3.7 |
| Dec | 9° / 2° | 54 | 7.4 | 0.8 | 9.2 | 2.2 |
Cloud cover in May
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in May.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of May, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 44%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 |
| Cloudier (%) | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 46 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49 | 51 |
| 2 | 49 | 51 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 48 | 52 |
| 6 | 48 | 52 |
| 7 | 48 | 52 |
| 8 | 49 | 51 |
| 9 | 49 | 51 |
| 10 | 50 | 50 |
| 11 | 51 | 49 |
| 12 | 52 | 48 |
| 13 | 52 | 48 |
| 14 | 54 | 46 |
| 15 | 54 | 46 |
| 16 | 56 | 44 |
| 17 | 57 | 43 |
| 18 | 58 | 42 |
| 19 | 58 | 42 |
| 20 | 59 | 41 |
| 21 | 60 | 40 |
| 22 | 60 | 40 |
| 23 | 61 | 39 |
| 24 | 61 | 39 |
| 25 | 63 | 37 |
| 26 | 63 | 37 |
| 27 | 63 | 37 |
| 28 | 63 | 37 |
| 29 | 63 | 37 |
| 30 | 64 | 36 |
| 31 | 64 | 36 |
Chance of precipitation in May
Galapagar gets around 50 mm of rain over 9.3 wet days in May. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 30% and peaks near 34% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 33 |
| 2 | 34 |
| 3 | 34 |
| 4 | 34 |
| 5 | 34 |
| 6 | 34 |
| 7 | 33 |
| 8 | 33 |
| 9 | 33 |
| 10 | 32 |
| 11 | 32 |
| 12 | 32 |
| 13 | 31 |
| 14 | 31 |
| 15 | 31 |
| 16 | 30 |
| 17 | 29 |
| 18 | 29 |
| 19 | 28 |
| 20 | 28 |
| 21 | 28 |
| 22 | 27 |
| 23 | 27 |
| 24 | 27 |
| 25 | 26 |
| 26 | 26 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 25 |
| 29 | 25 |
| 30 | 24 |
| 31 | 24 |
Humidity in May
Most of May feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, May lands in the dry band about 99% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 99 | 1 |
| 26 | 98 | 2 |
| 27 | 98 | 2 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 |
| 29 | 98 | 2 |
| 30 | 98 | 2 |
| 31 | 98 | 2 |
Wind in May
Winds average 9 km/h in May.
Across May, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
| 31 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in May
Daylight runs from about 13 h 42 min at the start of May to 14 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 60 minutes over May. Sunrise moves from 6:22 AM to 5:54 AM, and sunset from 8:04 PM to 8:33 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:25 | 8:26 | 8:27 | 8:28 | 8:29 | 8:30 | 8:31 | 8:32 | 8:32 | 8:33 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.7 | 6:22 | 8:04 |
| 2 | 13.7 | 6:21 | 8:05 |
| 3 | 13.8 | 6:19 | 8:07 |
| 4 | 13.8 | 6:18 | 8:08 |
| 5 | 13.9 | 6:17 | 8:09 |
| 6 | 13.9 | 6:16 | 8:10 |
| 7 | 13.9 | 6:14 | 8:11 |
| 8 | 14.0 | 6:13 | 8:12 |
| 9 | 14.0 | 6:12 | 8:13 |
| 10 | 14.0 | 6:11 | 8:14 |
| 11 | 14.1 | 6:10 | 8:15 |
| 12 | 14.1 | 6:09 | 8:16 |
| 13 | 14.2 | 6:08 | 8:17 |
| 14 | 14.2 | 6:07 | 8:18 |
| 15 | 14.2 | 6:06 | 8:19 |
| 16 | 14.2 | 6:05 | 8:20 |
| 17 | 14.3 | 6:04 | 8:21 |
| 18 | 14.3 | 6:03 | 8:22 |
| 19 | 14.3 | 6:02 | 8:23 |
| 20 | 14.4 | 6:01 | 8:24 |
| 21 | 14.4 | 6:00 | 8:25 |
| 22 | 14.4 | 6:00 | 8:25 |
| 23 | 14.5 | 5:59 | 8:26 |
| 24 | 14.5 | 5:58 | 8:27 |
| 25 | 14.5 | 5:57 | 8:28 |
| 26 | 14.5 | 5:57 | 8:29 |
| 27 | 14.6 | 5:56 | 8:30 |
| 28 | 14.6 | 5:55 | 8:31 |
| 29 | 14.6 | 5:55 | 8:32 |
| 30 | 14.6 | 5:54 | 8:32 |
| 31 | 14.7 | 5:54 | 8:33 |
Solar energy in May
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in May, about 6.73 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.83 kWh/m² to a high of 7.77 kWh/m² in July across the year — May's 6.73 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 31 | 7.2 | Intense |
Is May a good time to visit Galapagar?
Our two travel scores rate May for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
May is a reasonable time to visit Galapagar for sightseeing.
What to pack for Galapagar in May
From May's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In May, Galapagar sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 10°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Galapagar in May
Clear-sky midday UV in May peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Galapagar peaks around July 15 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Galapagar?
Galapagar sits at 40.6°N, 4.0°W, 883 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Collado-Villalba, 6.0 km away.
Topography around Galapagar
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Galapagar.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Galapagar has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 154 m around an average of 877 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,180 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,015 m.
The land around Galapagar is covered by trees (42%) and grassland (40%) within 3 km, grassland (44%) and trees (40%) within 16 km, and grassland (37%), cropland (32%) and trees (23%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Galapagar (40.5783°, -4.0043°, elevation 883 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).