Montijo weather in November
In November, Montijo sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 60 mm of rain across 7.7 wet days and about 9.9 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 15°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 18 min at the start of November to 9 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Montijo's 9th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Montijo's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 5th coldest
- Rainfall
- 60 mm
- 7.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 48 min
- 8:17 AM – 6:07 PM
- Cloud cover
- 53%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.5 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.8
- out of 10
Montijo is capital town of the municipality of Montijo, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 15°C by the end.
A typical November day in Montijo reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 6°C cooler than October and about 3°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 11 |
| 2 | 20 | 11 |
| 3 | 19 | 11 |
| 4 | 19 | 10 |
| 5 | 19 | 10 |
| 6 | 19 | 10 |
| 7 | 19 | 10 |
| 8 | 18 | 10 |
| 9 | 18 | 9 |
| 10 | 18 | 9 |
| 11 | 18 | 9 |
| 12 | 18 | 9 |
| 13 | 17 | 9 |
| 14 | 17 | 9 |
| 15 | 17 | 8 |
| 16 | 17 | 8 |
| 17 | 17 | 8 |
| 18 | 17 | 8 |
| 19 | 16 | 8 |
| 20 | 16 | 8 |
| 21 | 16 | 8 |
| 22 | 16 | 7 |
| 23 | 16 | 7 |
| 24 | 16 | 7 |
| 25 | 15 | 7 |
| 26 | 15 | 7 |
| 27 | 15 | 7 |
| 28 | 15 | 7 |
| 29 | 15 | 7 |
| 30 | 15 | 7 |
How November really feels in Montijo
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Montijo weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13° / 5° | 48 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 15° / 6° | 42 | 6.1 | 10.5 | 5.0 |
| Mar | 19° / 8° | 43 | 6.9 | 11.7 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 21° / 10° | 43 | 7.4 | 13 | 6.9 |
| May | 25° / 13° | 32 | 6.1 | 14.1 | 7.5 |
| Jun | 30° / 17° | 11 | 2.3 | 14.7 | 6.1 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 2 | 0.7 | 14.4 | 4.1 |
| Aug | 34° / 19° | 5 | 1.1 | 13.5 | 4.3 |
| Sep | 29° / 17° | 24 | 3.8 | 12.3 | 6.5 |
| Oct | 23° / 13° | 64 | 7.5 | 11 | 7.2 |
| Nov | 17° / 9° | 60 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 14° / 6° | 60 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 4.2 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 49%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50 | 50 |
| 2 | 50 | 50 |
| 3 | 50 | 50 |
| 4 | 50 | 50 |
| 5 | 50 | 50 |
| 6 | 51 | 49 |
| 7 | 51 | 49 |
| 8 | 51 | 49 |
| 9 | 52 | 48 |
| 10 | 52 | 48 |
| 11 | 53 | 47 |
| 12 | 54 | 46 |
| 13 | 54 | 46 |
| 14 | 54 | 46 |
| 15 | 54 | 46 |
| 16 | 54 | 46 |
| 17 | 54 | 46 |
| 18 | 53 | 47 |
| 19 | 53 | 47 |
| 20 | 53 | 47 |
| 21 | 52 | 48 |
| 22 | 51 | 49 |
| 23 | 51 | 49 |
| 24 | 50 | 50 |
| 25 | 50 | 50 |
| 26 | 49 | 51 |
| 27 | 49 | 51 |
| 28 | 48 | 52 |
| 29 | 47 | 53 |
| 30 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Montijo gets around 60 mm of rain over 7.7 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 25% and peaks near 29% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 29 |
| 2 | 29 |
| 3 | 29 |
| 4 | 28 |
| 5 | 28 |
| 6 | 27 |
| 7 | 27 |
| 8 | 26 |
| 9 | 26 |
| 10 | 25 |
| 11 | 25 |
| 12 | 24 |
| 13 | 24 |
| 14 | 23 |
| 15 | 23 |
| 16 | 23 |
| 17 | 23 |
| 18 | 23 |
| 19 | 23 |
| 20 | 24 |
| 21 | 24 |
| 22 | 24 |
| 23 | 25 |
| 24 | 25 |
| 25 | 25 |
| 26 | 25 |
| 27 | 25 |
| 28 | 25 |
| 29 | 25 |
| 30 | 25 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 92% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 79 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Comfortable (%) | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Humid (%) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 79 | 18 | 3 |
| 2 | 81 | 17 | 2 |
| 3 | 82 | 16 | 2 |
| 4 | 83 | 15 | 2 |
| 5 | 84 | 14 | 2 |
| 6 | 86 | 12 | 2 |
| 7 | 87 | 11 | 2 |
| 8 | 88 | 10 | 2 |
| 9 | 90 | 9 | 1 |
| 10 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 11 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 12 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 13 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 14 | 94 | 5 | 1 |
| 15 | 94 | 5 | 1 |
| 16 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 17 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 18 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 19 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 20 | 96 | 3 | 1 |
| 21 | 96 | 3 | 1 |
| 22 | 96 | 3 | 1 |
| 23 | 96 | 3 | 1 |
| 24 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 25 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 26 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 27 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 29 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 30 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
Wind in November
Winds average 10 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 10 h 18 min at the start of November to 9 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 48 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 8:00 AM to 8:31 AM, and sunset from 6:20 PM to 6:01 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:00 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:26 | 8:27 | 8:28 | 8:29 | 8:30 | 8:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.3 | 8:00 | 6:20 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 8:01 | 6:19 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 8:02 | 6:18 |
| 4 | 10.2 | 8:03 | 6:17 |
| 5 | 10.2 | 8:04 | 6:16 |
| 6 | 10.2 | 8:05 | 6:15 |
| 7 | 10.1 | 8:07 | 6:14 |
| 8 | 10.1 | 8:08 | 6:13 |
| 9 | 10.1 | 8:09 | 6:12 |
| 10 | 10.0 | 8:10 | 6:11 |
| 11 | 10.0 | 8:11 | 6:11 |
| 12 | 10.0 | 8:12 | 6:10 |
| 13 | 9.9 | 8:13 | 6:09 |
| 14 | 9.9 | 8:14 | 6:08 |
| 15 | 9.9 | 8:15 | 6:08 |
| 16 | 9.8 | 8:17 | 6:07 |
| 17 | 9.8 | 8:18 | 6:06 |
| 18 | 9.8 | 8:19 | 6:06 |
| 19 | 9.8 | 8:20 | 6:05 |
| 20 | 9.7 | 8:21 | 6:04 |
| 21 | 9.7 | 8:22 | 6:04 |
| 22 | 9.7 | 8:23 | 6:03 |
| 23 | 9.6 | 8:24 | 6:03 |
| 24 | 9.6 | 8:25 | 6:03 |
| 25 | 9.6 | 8:26 | 6:02 |
| 26 | 9.6 | 8:27 | 6:02 |
| 27 | 9.6 | 8:28 | 6:01 |
| 28 | 9.5 | 8:29 | 6:01 |
| 29 | 9.5 | 8:30 | 6:01 |
| 30 | 9.5 | 8:31 | 6:01 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 2.5 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.95 kWh/m² to a high of 7.88 kWh/m² in July across the year — November's 2.5 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.1 | Moderate |
Is November a good time to visit Montijo?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Montijo for sightseeing.
What to pack for Montijo in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Montijo sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 9°C. Little to plan around — just the basics. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Montijo in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Montijo peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Montijo?
Montijo sits at 38.9°N, 6.6°W, 201 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Mérida, 24 km away.
Topography around Montijo
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Montijo.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Montijo has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 79 m around an average of 198 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 262 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 867 m.
The land around Montijo is covered by cropland (53%) within 3 km, cropland (47%) and grassland (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (55%) and cropland (24%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Montijo (38.9084°, -6.6178°, elevation 201 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).