Rivas-Vaciamadrid weather in November
In November, Rivas-Vaciamadrid sees average daytime highs of 14°C and overnight lows near 6°C, with 55 mm of rain across 7.8 wet days and about 9.8 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 17°C in the first days to 12°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 18 min at the start of November to 9 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Rivas-Vaciamadrid's 10th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Rivas-Vaciamadrid's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 14°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 6°
- 5th coldest
- Rainfall
- 55 mm
- 7.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 42 min
- 8:08 AM – 5:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 55%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.5
- out of 10
Rivas-Vaciamadrid is populated place in Spain.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM10 21.5 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 17°C in the first days to 12°C by the end.
A typical November day in Rivas-Vaciamadrid reaches about 14°C in the afternoon and slips back to 6°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 10°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 6°C cooler than October and about 4°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | 8 |
| 2 | 17 | 8 |
| 3 | 17 | 8 |
| 4 | 17 | 8 |
| 5 | 16 | 7 |
| 6 | 16 | 7 |
| 7 | 16 | 7 |
| 8 | 16 | 7 |
| 9 | 15 | 7 |
| 10 | 15 | 6 |
| 11 | 15 | 6 |
| 12 | 15 | 6 |
| 13 | 15 | 6 |
| 14 | 14 | 6 |
| 15 | 14 | 6 |
| 16 | 14 | 5 |
| 17 | 14 | 5 |
| 18 | 14 | 5 |
| 19 | 14 | 5 |
| 20 | 13 | 5 |
| 21 | 13 | 5 |
| 22 | 13 | 5 |
| 23 | 13 | 5 |
| 24 | 13 | 4 |
| 25 | 13 | 4 |
| 26 | 12 | 4 |
| 27 | 12 | 4 |
| 28 | 12 | 4 |
| 29 | 12 | 4 |
| 30 | 12 | 4 |
How November really feels in Rivas-Vaciamadrid
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Rivas-Vaciamadrid weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / 2° | 40 | 7.2 | 0.6 | 9.5 | 2.6 |
| Feb | 13° / 3° | 35 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 10.4 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 16° / 5° | 42 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 5.6 |
| Apr | 19° / 8° | 52 | 8.2 | 0 | 13 | 6.4 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 48 | 8.2 | 0 | 14.2 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 29° / 16° | 22 | 4.1 | 0 | 14.8 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 8 | 1.5 | 0 | 14.6 | 4.2 |
| Aug | 33° / 19° | 12 | 2.9 | 0 | 13.6 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 27° / 15° | 26 | 4.2 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| Oct | 21° / 11° | 62 | 7.9 | 0 | 10.9 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 14° / 6° | 55 | 7.8 | 0 | 9.8 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 11° / 3° | 48 | 7.4 | 0.4 | 9.2 | 2.8 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 49%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 |
| Cloudier (%) | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50 | 50 |
| 2 | 49 | 51 |
| 3 | 49 | 51 |
| 4 | 49 | 51 |
| 5 | 50 | 50 |
| 6 | 50 | 50 |
| 7 | 49 | 51 |
| 8 | 49 | 51 |
| 9 | 49 | 51 |
| 10 | 50 | 50 |
| 11 | 50 | 50 |
| 12 | 51 | 49 |
| 13 | 51 | 49 |
| 14 | 51 | 49 |
| 15 | 52 | 48 |
| 16 | 52 | 48 |
| 17 | 52 | 48 |
| 18 | 52 | 48 |
| 19 | 52 | 48 |
| 20 | 53 | 47 |
| 21 | 52 | 48 |
| 22 | 52 | 48 |
| 23 | 52 | 48 |
| 24 | 52 | 48 |
| 25 | 51 | 49 |
| 26 | 51 | 49 |
| 27 | 51 | 49 |
| 28 | 50 | 50 |
| 29 | 50 | 50 |
| 30 | 49 | 51 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Rivas-Vaciamadrid gets around 55 mm of rain over 7.8 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 26% and peaks near 29% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 29 |
| 2 | 28 |
| 3 | 28 |
| 4 | 28 |
| 5 | 28 |
| 6 | 28 |
| 7 | 28 |
| 8 | 27 |
| 9 | 27 |
| 10 | 27 |
| 11 | 26 |
| 12 | 26 |
| 13 | 25 |
| 14 | 25 |
| 15 | 25 |
| 16 | 24 |
| 17 | 24 |
| 18 | 24 |
| 19 | 24 |
| 20 | 24 |
| 21 | 24 |
| 22 | 24 |
| 23 | 25 |
| 24 | 25 |
| 25 | 25 |
| 26 | 25 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 26 |
| 29 | 26 |
| 30 | 26 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 99% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 96 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 96 | 4 |
| 2 | 97 | 3 |
| 3 | 97 | 3 |
| 4 | 98 | 2 |
| 5 | 98 | 2 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in November
Winds average 9 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 10 h 18 min at the start of November to 9 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 54 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:50 AM to 8:23 AM, and sunset from 6:05 PM to 5:44 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:50 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:54 | 7:55 | 7:56 | 7:57 | 7:58 | 7:59 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.3 | 7:50 | 6:05 |
| 2 | 10.2 | 7:51 | 6:04 |
| 3 | 10.2 | 7:52 | 6:03 |
| 4 | 10.1 | 7:54 | 6:02 |
| 5 | 10.1 | 7:55 | 6:01 |
| 6 | 10.1 | 7:56 | 6:00 |
| 7 | 10.0 | 7:57 | 5:59 |
| 8 | 10.0 | 7:58 | 5:58 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:59 | 5:57 |
| 10 | 9.9 | 8:01 | 5:56 |
| 11 | 9.9 | 8:02 | 5:55 |
| 12 | 9.9 | 8:03 | 5:54 |
| 13 | 9.8 | 8:04 | 5:53 |
| 14 | 9.8 | 8:05 | 5:53 |
| 15 | 9.8 | 8:06 | 5:52 |
| 16 | 9.7 | 8:08 | 5:51 |
| 17 | 9.7 | 8:09 | 5:50 |
| 18 | 9.7 | 8:10 | 5:50 |
| 19 | 9.6 | 8:11 | 5:49 |
| 20 | 9.6 | 8:12 | 5:48 |
| 21 | 9.6 | 8:13 | 5:48 |
| 22 | 9.5 | 8:14 | 5:47 |
| 23 | 9.5 | 8:15 | 5:47 |
| 24 | 9.5 | 8:17 | 5:46 |
| 25 | 9.5 | 8:18 | 5:46 |
| 26 | 9.4 | 8:19 | 5:45 |
| 27 | 9.4 | 8:20 | 5:45 |
| 28 | 9.4 | 8:21 | 5:45 |
| 29 | 9.4 | 8:22 | 5:44 |
| 30 | 9.4 | 8:23 | 5:44 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 2.34 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.85 kWh/m² to a high of 7.84 kWh/m² in July across the year — November's 2.34 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.0 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Rivas-Vaciamadrid?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Rivas-Vaciamadrid for sightseeing.
What to pack for Rivas-Vaciamadrid in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Rivas-Vaciamadrid sees daytime highs around 14°C and nights near 6°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Rivas-Vaciamadrid in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Rivas-Vaciamadrid peaks around July 15 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Rivas-Vaciamadrid?
Rivas-Vaciamadrid sits at 40.3°N, 3.5°W, 570 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Arganda, 7.0 km away.
Topography around Rivas-Vaciamadrid
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Rivas-Vaciamadrid.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Rivas-Vaciamadrid has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 155 m around an average of 563 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 345 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,988 m.
The land around Rivas-Vaciamadrid is covered by grassland (35%), cropland (21%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, grassland (33%) and cropland (32%) within 16 km, and cropland (44%) and grassland (30%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Rivas-Vaciamadrid (40.3261°, -3.5109°, elevation 570 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).