Torrelodones weather in October
In October, Torrelodones sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 69 mm of rain across 8.1 wet days and about 10.9 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 16°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in October, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 36 min at the start of October to 10 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Torrelodones's 6th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Torrelodones's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 19°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 69 mm
- 8.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 54 min
- 7:34 AM – 6:28 PM
- Cloud cover
- 52%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.5 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.4
- out of 10
Torrelodones is capital town of the municipality of Torrelodones, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in October
Highs ease over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 16°C by the end.
A typical October day in Torrelodones reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 14°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs about 7°C cooler than September and about 6°C warmer than November.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 11 |
| 2 | 22 | 11 |
| 3 | 22 | 11 |
| 4 | 22 | 11 |
| 5 | 21 | 11 |
| 6 | 21 | 11 |
| 7 | 21 | 11 |
| 8 | 21 | 10 |
| 9 | 20 | 10 |
| 10 | 20 | 10 |
| 11 | 20 | 10 |
| 12 | 20 | 10 |
| 13 | 19 | 10 |
| 14 | 19 | 10 |
| 15 | 19 | 10 |
| 16 | 19 | 9 |
| 17 | 18 | 9 |
| 18 | 18 | 9 |
| 19 | 18 | 9 |
| 20 | 18 | 9 |
| 21 | 18 | 9 |
| 22 | 17 | 9 |
| 23 | 17 | 9 |
| 24 | 17 | 8 |
| 25 | 17 | 8 |
| 26 | 17 | 8 |
| 27 | 17 | 8 |
| 28 | 16 | 8 |
| 29 | 16 | 8 |
| 30 | 16 | 8 |
| 31 | 16 | 7 |
How October really feels in Torrelodones
Once humidity and wind are folded in, October averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
October sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Torrelodones weather by month
How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 6th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9° / 1° | 47 | 7.5 | 2 | 9.4 | 1.9 |
| Feb | 11° / 2° | 38 | 6.4 | 1.7 | 10.4 | 3.0 |
| Mar | 15° / 4° | 48 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 11.7 | 4.7 |
| Apr | 17° / 6° | 54 | 9.3 | 0.3 | 13 | 5.5 |
| May | 21° / 10° | 50 | 9.3 | 0 | 14.2 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 27° / 15° | 23 | 4.8 | 0 | 14.8 | 7.2 |
| Jul | 31° / 18° | 9 | 2.1 | 0 | 14.6 | 5.6 |
| Aug | 31° / 17° | 11 | 2.9 | 0 | 13.6 | 5.8 |
| Sep | 26° / 14° | 27 | 5.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.7 |
| Oct | 19° / 9° | 69 | 8.1 | 0 | 10.9 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 13° / 5° | 62 | 7.7 | 0.4 | 9.7 | 3.7 |
| Dec | 9° / 2° | 54 | 7.4 | 0.8 | 9.2 | 2.2 |
Cloud cover in October
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in October.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 47%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 60 | 60 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65 | 35 |
| 2 | 64 | 36 |
| 3 | 64 | 36 |
| 4 | 64 | 36 |
| 5 | 63 | 37 |
| 6 | 63 | 37 |
| 7 | 62 | 38 |
| 8 | 60 | 40 |
| 9 | 60 | 40 |
| 10 | 58 | 42 |
| 11 | 57 | 43 |
| 12 | 56 | 44 |
| 13 | 54 | 46 |
| 14 | 53 | 47 |
| 15 | 52 | 48 |
| 16 | 50 | 50 |
| 17 | 49 | 51 |
| 18 | 49 | 51 |
| 19 | 47 | 53 |
| 20 | 47 | 53 |
| 21 | 47 | 53 |
| 22 | 47 | 53 |
| 23 | 47 | 53 |
| 24 | 47 | 53 |
| 25 | 47 | 53 |
| 26 | 46 | 54 |
| 27 | 46 | 54 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 46 | 54 |
| 30 | 46 | 54 |
| 31 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in October
Torrelodones gets around 69 mm of rain over 8.1 wet days in October, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 27% and peaks near 31% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 18 |
| 2 | 18 |
| 3 | 19 |
| 4 | 19 |
| 5 | 20 |
| 6 | 20 |
| 7 | 21 |
| 8 | 22 |
| 9 | 23 |
| 10 | 24 |
| 11 | 25 |
| 12 | 26 |
| 13 | 27 |
| 14 | 28 |
| 15 | 29 |
| 16 | 30 |
| 17 | 31 |
| 18 | 31 |
| 19 | 31 |
| 20 | 31 |
| 21 | 31 |
| 22 | 31 |
| 23 | 31 |
| 24 | 31 |
| 25 | 30 |
| 26 | 30 |
| 27 | 30 |
| 28 | 29 |
| 29 | 29 |
| 30 | 29 |
| 31 | 29 |
Humidity in October
Most of October feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, October lands in the dry band about 96% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 93 | 7 |
| 2 | 93 | 7 |
| 3 | 93 | 7 |
| 4 | 93 | 7 |
| 5 | 93 | 7 |
| 6 | 93 | 7 |
| 7 | 94 | 6 |
| 8 | 94 | 6 |
| 9 | 94 | 6 |
| 10 | 95 | 5 |
| 11 | 95 | 5 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 95 | 5 |
| 15 | 95 | 5 |
| 16 | 96 | 4 |
| 17 | 96 | 4 |
| 18 | 96 | 4 |
| 19 | 96 | 4 |
| 20 | 96 | 4 |
| 21 | 97 | 3 |
| 22 | 97 | 3 |
| 23 | 97 | 3 |
| 24 | 97 | 3 |
| 25 | 97 | 3 |
| 26 | 98 | 2 |
| 27 | 98 | 2 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 |
| 29 | 98 | 2 |
| 30 | 99 | 1 |
| 31 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in October
Winds average 8 km/h in October.
Across October, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
| 31 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in October
Daylight runs from about 11 h 36 min at the start of October to 10 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 78 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 7:17 AM to 7:51 AM, and sunset from 6:52 PM to 6:07 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:33 | 7:34 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:37 | 7:38 | 7:39 | 7:41 | 7:42 | 7:43 | 7:44 | 7:45 | 7:46 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:50 | 7:51 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:52 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:47 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:42 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:37 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:07 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.6 | 7:17 | 6:52 |
| 2 | 11.5 | 7:18 | 6:50 |
| 3 | 11.5 | 7:20 | 6:49 |
| 4 | 11.4 | 7:21 | 6:47 |
| 5 | 11.4 | 7:22 | 6:45 |
| 6 | 11.3 | 7:23 | 6:44 |
| 7 | 11.3 | 7:24 | 6:42 |
| 8 | 11.3 | 7:25 | 6:40 |
| 9 | 11.2 | 7:26 | 6:39 |
| 10 | 11.2 | 7:27 | 6:37 |
| 11 | 11.1 | 7:28 | 6:35 |
| 12 | 11.1 | 7:29 | 6:34 |
| 13 | 11.0 | 7:30 | 6:32 |
| 14 | 11.0 | 7:31 | 6:31 |
| 15 | 10.9 | 7:33 | 6:29 |
| 16 | 10.9 | 7:34 | 6:28 |
| 17 | 10.9 | 7:35 | 6:26 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 7:36 | 6:25 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 7:37 | 6:23 |
| 20 | 10.7 | 7:38 | 6:22 |
| 21 | 10.7 | 7:39 | 6:20 |
| 22 | 10.6 | 7:41 | 6:19 |
| 23 | 10.6 | 7:42 | 6:18 |
| 24 | 10.6 | 7:43 | 6:16 |
| 25 | 10.5 | 7:44 | 6:15 |
| 26 | 10.5 | 7:45 | 6:14 |
| 27 | 10.4 | 7:46 | 6:12 |
| 28 | 10.4 | 7:48 | 6:11 |
| 29 | 10.4 | 7:49 | 6:10 |
| 30 | 10.3 | 7:50 | 6:09 |
| 31 | 10.3 | 7:51 | 6:07 |
Solar energy in October
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 3.5 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.83 kWh/m² to a high of 7.77 kWh/m² in July across the year — October's 3.5 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 31 | 2.8 | Moderate |
Is October a good time to visit Torrelodones?
Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
October is a reasonable time to visit Torrelodones for sightseeing.
What to pack for Torrelodones in October
From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In October, Torrelodones sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: rain gear. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Torrelodones in October
Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Torrelodones peaks around July 15 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Torrelodones?
Torrelodones sits at 40.6°N, 3.9°W, 856 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Galapagar, 7.0 km away.
Topography around Torrelodones
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Torrelodones.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Torrelodones has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 340 m around an average of 833 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 797 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,012 m.
The land around Torrelodones is covered by trees (54%) and grassland (26%) within 3 km, grassland (52%) and trees (33%) within 16 km, and grassland (37%), cropland (33%) and trees (23%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Torrelodones (40.5765°, -3.9266°, elevation 856 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).