Villarrobledo weather in June
In June, Villarrobledo sees average daytime highs of 29°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 18 mm of rain across 3.9 wet days and about 14.7 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 27°C in the first days to 32°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 36 min at the start of June to 14 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Villarrobledo's 3rd-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Villarrobledo's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 29°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 18 mm
- 3.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 14 h 42 min
- 5:48 AM – 8:33 PM
- Cloud cover
- 33%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.58 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.4
- out of 10
Villarrobledo is capital of Villarrobledo Municipality, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in June
Highs climb over the month, from about 27°C in the first days to 32°C by the end.
A typical June day in Villarrobledo reaches about 29°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 6°C warmer than May and about 4°C cooler than July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Avg low (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 14 |
| 2 | 27 | 14 |
| 3 | 27 | 14 |
| 4 | 27 | 14 |
| 5 | 27 | 14 |
| 6 | 27 | 14 |
| 7 | 28 | 15 |
| 8 | 28 | 15 |
| 9 | 28 | 15 |
| 10 | 28 | 15 |
| 11 | 28 | 15 |
| 12 | 29 | 15 |
| 13 | 29 | 15 |
| 14 | 29 | 16 |
| 15 | 29 | 16 |
| 16 | 30 | 16 |
| 17 | 30 | 16 |
| 18 | 30 | 16 |
| 19 | 30 | 16 |
| 20 | 31 | 17 |
| 21 | 31 | 17 |
| 22 | 31 | 17 |
| 23 | 31 | 17 |
| 24 | 31 | 17 |
| 25 | 32 | 17 |
| 26 | 32 | 18 |
| 27 | 32 | 18 |
| 28 | 32 | 18 |
| 29 | 32 | 18 |
| 30 | 32 | 18 |
How June really feels in Villarrobledo
Once humidity and wind are folded in, June averages 3 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in June is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Villarrobledo weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 3rd-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11° / 2° | 32 | 6.6 | 0.8 | 9.6 | 2.9 |
| Feb | 13° / 3° | 32 | 6 | 0.6 | 10.5 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 16° / 5° | 38 | 7 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 5.6 |
| Apr | 19° / 7° | 43 | 8.1 | 0.1 | 13 | 6.4 |
| May | 24° / 11° | 36 | 6.9 | 0 | 14.1 | 7.4 |
| Jun | 29° / 16° | 18 | 3.9 | 0 | 14.7 | 6.4 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 6 | 1.5 | 0 | 14.5 | 4.1 |
| Aug | 33° / 19° | 11 | 2.8 | 0 | 13.5 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 27° / 15° | 26 | 4.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.3 |
| Oct | 21° / 10° | 39 | 6.8 | 0 | 11 | 7.2 |
| Nov | 15° / 6° | 40 | 6.7 | 0.2 | 9.8 | 4.8 |
| Dec | 11° / 3° | 42 | 6.6 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 3.2 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in June.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 16% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 22%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Cloudier (%) | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68 | 32 |
| 2 | 69 | 31 |
| 3 | 69 | 31 |
| 4 | 69 | 31 |
| 5 | 69 | 31 |
| 6 | 70 | 30 |
| 7 | 70 | 30 |
| 8 | 71 | 29 |
| 9 | 71 | 29 |
| 10 | 72 | 28 |
| 11 | 73 | 27 |
| 12 | 74 | 26 |
| 13 | 75 | 25 |
| 14 | 77 | 23 |
| 15 | 77 | 23 |
| 16 | 79 | 21 |
| 17 | 80 | 20 |
| 18 | 81 | 19 |
| 19 | 82 | 18 |
| 20 | 83 | 17 |
| 21 | 85 | 15 |
| 22 | 85 | 15 |
| 23 | 86 | 14 |
| 24 | 86 | 14 |
| 25 | 87 | 13 |
| 26 | 87 | 13 |
| 27 | 88 | 12 |
| 28 | 89 | 11 |
| 29 | 89 | 11 |
| 30 | 89 | 11 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Villarrobledo gets around 18 mm of rain over 3.9 wet days in June. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 13% and peaks near 17% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 17 |
| 2 | 17 |
| 3 | 17 |
| 4 | 16 |
| 5 | 16 |
| 6 | 16 |
| 7 | 16 |
| 8 | 15 |
| 9 | 15 |
| 10 | 15 |
| 11 | 15 |
| 12 | 15 |
| 13 | 14 |
| 14 | 14 |
| 15 | 14 |
| 16 | 13 |
| 17 | 13 |
| 18 | 13 |
| 19 | 12 |
| 20 | 12 |
| 21 | 12 |
| 22 | 11 |
| 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 11 |
| 25 | 10 |
| 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 10 |
| 28 | 9 |
| 29 | 9 |
| 30 | 9 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 92% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Comfortable (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 95 | 5 |
| 2 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 95 | 5 |
| 5 | 95 | 5 |
| 6 | 95 | 5 |
| 7 | 95 | 5 |
| 8 | 95 | 5 |
| 9 | 95 | 5 |
| 10 | 95 | 5 |
| 11 | 95 | 5 |
| 12 | 94 | 6 |
| 13 | 94 | 6 |
| 14 | 94 | 6 |
| 15 | 93 | 7 |
| 16 | 93 | 7 |
| 17 | 92 | 8 |
| 18 | 92 | 8 |
| 19 | 91 | 9 |
| 20 | 91 | 9 |
| 21 | 90 | 10 |
| 22 | 90 | 10 |
| 23 | 90 | 10 |
| 24 | 89 | 11 |
| 25 | 89 | 11 |
| 26 | 89 | 11 |
| 27 | 89 | 11 |
| 28 | 89 | 11 |
| 29 | 89 | 11 |
| 30 | 89 | 11 |
Wind in June
Winds average 11 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 14 h 36 min at the start of June to 14 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 5:51 AM to 5:51 AM, and sunset from 8:24 PM to 8:36 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:26 | 8:27 | 8:27 | 8:28 | 8:29 | 8:29 | 8:30 | 8:30 | 8:31 | 8:31 | 8:32 | 8:32 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:34 | 8:34 | 8:34 | 8:35 | 8:35 | 8:35 | 8:35 | 8:35 | 8:36 | 8:36 | 8:36 | 8:36 | 8:36 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.6 | 5:51 | 8:24 |
| 2 | 14.6 | 5:51 | 8:25 |
| 3 | 14.6 | 5:51 | 8:26 |
| 4 | 14.6 | 5:50 | 8:27 |
| 5 | 14.6 | 5:50 | 8:27 |
| 6 | 14.6 | 5:50 | 8:28 |
| 7 | 14.7 | 5:49 | 8:29 |
| 8 | 14.7 | 5:49 | 8:29 |
| 9 | 14.7 | 5:49 | 8:30 |
| 10 | 14.7 | 5:49 | 8:30 |
| 11 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:31 |
| 12 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:31 |
| 13 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:32 |
| 14 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:32 |
| 15 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:33 |
| 16 | 14.7 | 5:48 | 8:33 |
| 17 | 14.8 | 5:48 | 8:33 |
| 18 | 14.8 | 5:48 | 8:34 |
| 19 | 14.8 | 5:48 | 8:34 |
| 20 | 14.8 | 5:49 | 8:34 |
| 21 | 14.8 | 5:49 | 8:35 |
| 22 | 14.8 | 5:49 | 8:35 |
| 23 | 14.8 | 5:49 | 8:35 |
| 24 | 14.8 | 5:49 | 8:35 |
| 25 | 14.8 | 5:50 | 8:35 |
| 26 | 14.8 | 5:50 | 8:36 |
| 27 | 14.8 | 5:50 | 8:36 |
| 28 | 14.8 | 5:51 | 8:36 |
| 29 | 14.7 | 5:51 | 8:36 |
| 30 | 14.7 | 5:51 | 8:36 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 7.58 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.04 kWh/m² to a high of 7.81 kWh/m² in July across the year — June's 7.58 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.9 | Intense |
Is June a good time to visit Villarrobledo?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is a reasonable time to visit Villarrobledo for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Villarrobledo in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Villarrobledo sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Villarrobledo in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Villarrobledo peaks around July 16 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Villarrobledo?
Villarrobledo sits at 39.3°N, 2.6°W, 729 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Tomelloso, 38 km away.
Topography around Villarrobledo
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Villarrobledo.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Villarrobledo has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 39 m around an average of 718 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 137 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,041 m.
The land around Villarrobledo is covered by cropland (55%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, cropland (71%) within 16 km, and cropland (70%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Villarrobledo (39.2699°, -2.6012°, elevation 729 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).