Gamla Uppsala weather in June

In June, Gamla Uppsala sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 71 mm of rain across 12.2 wet days and about 18.3 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.

Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 20°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 17 h 48 min at the start of June to 18 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Gamla Uppsala's 4th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Gamla Uppsala's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 19°; 3rd warmest
Overnight low: 9°; 10th coldest
Rainfall: 71 mm; 12.2 wet days
Daylight: 18 h 24 min; 2:38 AM – 9:02 PM
Cloud cover: 66%; 4th clearest
Wind: 11 km/h; 10th windiest
Solar energy: 5.56 kWh/m²
Travel score: 5.7; out of 10

Gamla Uppsala is urban area of Sweden.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← May Gamla Uppsala year-round climate July →Best places to visit in June

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in June

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 20°C by the end.

A typical June day in Gamla Uppsala reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 14°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 4°C warmer than May and about 3°C cooler than July.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Avg high (°C)	18	18	18	18	18	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
Avg low (°C)	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	11	11

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	7
2	18	7
3	18	8
4	18	8
5	18	8
6	19	8
7	19	8
8	19	8
9	19	8
10	19	9
11	19	9
12	19	9
13	19	9
14	19	9
15	19	9
16	19	9
17	19	9
18	19	9
19	19	10
20	19	10
21	19	10
22	19	10
23	19	10
24	20	10
25	20	10
26	20	10
27	20	10
28	20	11
29	20	11
30	20	11

How June really feels in Gamla Uppsala

Once humidity and wind are folded in, June averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

June sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Gamla Uppsala weather by month

How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 3rd-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	-0° / -5°	34	8.2	6.3	6.4	0.0
Feb	0° / -6°	28	7.5	6.5	8.7	0.0
Mar	4° / -4°	29	7.5	5.2	11.3	0.2
Apr	10° / 0°	35	8.2	2	14.1	2.3
May	15° / 5°	48	10	0.2	16.7	4.7
Jun	19° / 9°	71	12.2	0	18.3	5.7
Jul	22° / 12°	72	11.4	0	17.7	6.3
Aug	21° / 11°	76	12.6	0	15.3	6.0
Sep	16° / 7°	48	9.1	0	12.6	4.8
Oct	9° / 3°	50	9.3	0.5	9.8	2.0
Nov	4° / -0°	43	9.7	3.4	7.2	0.1
Dec	1° / -4°	41	9.9	6.4	5.7	0.0

Cloud cover in June

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in June.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 18% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 63%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Clearer (%)	43	45	44	44	44	43	43	41	41	39	38	36	35	34	32	32	31	31	31	31	31	32	33	33	33	34	35	36	37	38
Cloudier (%)	57	55	56	56	56	57	57	59	59	61	62	64	65	66	68	68	69	69	69	69	69	68	67	67	67	66	65	64	63	62

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	45	55
3	44	56
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	43	57
7	43	57
8	41	59
9	41	59
10	39	61
11	38	62
12	36	64
13	35	65
14	34	66
15	32	68
16	32	68
17	31	69
18	31	69
19	31	69
20	31	69
21	31	69
22	32	68
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	34	66
27	35	65
28	36	64
29	37	63
30	38	62

Chance of precipitation in June

Any precipitation

Gamla Uppsala gets around 71 mm of rain over 12.2 wet days in June. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 40% and peaks near 45% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Rain chance (%)	32	32	33	33	34	35	36	37	38	40	41	42	43	44	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	44	44	43	43	42	41	40	40	39

	Rain chance (%)
1	32
2	32
3	33
4	33
5	34
6	35
7	36
8	37
9	38
10	40
11	41
12	42
13	43
14	44
15	45
16	45
17	45
18	45
19	45
20	45
21	45
22	44
23	44
24	43
25	43
26	42
27	41
28	40
29	40
30	39

Humidity in June

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 91% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Dry (%)	97	97	97	96	96	95	95	95	94	94	93	93	93	92	92	92	91	91	90	90	90	89	89	88	87	86	84	83	82	81
Comfortable (%)	3	3	3	4	4	5	5	5	6	6	7	7	7	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	10	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
Humid (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	97	3	0
2	97	3	0
3	97	3	0
4	96	4	0
5	96	4	0
6	95	5	0
7	95	5	0
8	95	5	0
9	94	6	0
10	94	6	0
11	93	7	0
12	93	7	0
13	93	7	0
14	92	8	0
15	92	8	0
16	92	8	0
17	91	9	0
18	91	9	0
19	90	9	1
20	90	9	1
21	90	9	1
22	89	10	1
23	89	10	1
24	88	11	1
25	87	12	1
26	86	13	1
27	84	14	2
28	83	15	2
29	82	16	2
30	81	17	2

Wind in June

Winds average 11 km/h in June.

Across June, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Wind speed (km/h)	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	10
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	11	calm
2	11	calm
3	11	calm
4	11	calm
5	11	calm
6	11	calm
7	11	calm
8	11	calm
9	11	calm
10	11	calm
11	11	calm
12	11	calm
13	11	calm
14	11	calm
15	11	calm
16	11	calm
17	11	calm
18	11	calm
19	11	calm
20	11	calm
21	11	calm
22	11	calm
23	11	calm
24	11	calm
25	11	calm
26	11	calm
27	11	calm
28	11	calm
29	11	calm
30	10	calm

Sunrise & sunset in June

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 17 h 48 min at the start of June to 18 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 36 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 2:52 AM to 2:41 AM, and sunset from 8:42 PM to 9:04 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Daylight (h)	17.8	17.9	17.9	18.0	18.0	18.1	18.1	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.3	18.3	18.3	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4	18.4
Sunrise (AM)	2:52	2:50	2:49	2:48	2:47	2:45	2:44	2:43	2:42	2:41	2:41	2:40	2:39	2:39	2:38	2:38	2:38	2:37	2:37	2:37	2:37	2:37	2:38	2:38	2:38	2:39	2:39	2:40	2:41	2:41
Sunset (PM)	8:42	8:44	8:45	8:47	8:49	8:50	8:52	8:53	8:54	8:56	8:57	8:58	8:59	9:00	9:01	9:02	9:02	9:03	9:03	9:04	9:04	9:05	9:05	9:05	9:05	9:05	9:05	9:05	9:04	9:04

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	17.8	2:52	8:42
2	17.9	2:50	8:44
3	17.9	2:49	8:45
4	18.0	2:48	8:47
5	18.0	2:47	8:49
6	18.1	2:45	8:50
7	18.1	2:44	8:52
8	18.2	2:43	8:53
9	18.2	2:42	8:54
10	18.2	2:41	8:56
11	18.3	2:41	8:57
12	18.3	2:40	8:58
13	18.3	2:39	8:59
14	18.4	2:39	9:00
15	18.4	2:38	9:01
16	18.4	2:38	9:02
17	18.4	2:38	9:02
18	18.4	2:37	9:03
19	18.4	2:37	9:03
20	18.4	2:37	9:04
21	18.5	2:37	9:04
22	18.5	2:37	9:05
23	18.5	2:38	9:05
24	18.5	2:38	9:05
25	18.4	2:38	9:05
26	18.4	2:39	9:05
27	18.4	2:39	9:05
28	18.4	2:40	9:05
29	18.4	2:41	9:04
30	18.4	2:41	9:04

Solar energy in June

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 5.56 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.18 kWh/m² to a high of 5.56 kWh/m² in June across the year — June's 5.56 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.7	Bright
2	5.7	Bright
3	5.7	Bright
4	5.7	Bright
5	5.7	Bright
6	5.7	Bright
7	5.7	Bright
8	5.6	Bright
9	5.6	Bright
10	5.6	Bright
11	5.6	Bright
12	5.5	Bright
13	5.5	Bright
14	5.5	Bright
15	5.5	Bright
16	5.5	Bright
17	5.4	Bright
18	5.4	Bright
19	5.4	Bright
20	5.4	Bright
21	5.4	Bright
22	5.4	Bright
23	5.4	Bright
24	5.4	Bright
25	5.5	Bright
26	5.5	Bright
27	5.5	Bright
28	5.5	Bright
29	5.5	Bright
30	5.5	Bright

Planning a trip in June

Is June a good time to visit Gamla Uppsala?

Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

5.7

Sightseeing

3rd-best month of the year

2.5

Beach & pool

3rd-best month of the year

June is a reasonable time to visit Gamla Uppsala for sightseeing.

What to pack for Gamla Uppsala in June

From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In June, Gamla Uppsala sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 12 days see rain.

rain gearsun protection

Sea temperature near Gamla Uppsala in June

The nearest coast averages about 11°C in June — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea at the nearest coast (about 67 km away) is warmest in August at about 17°C and coldest in February near 1°C.

The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	2	1	1	2	6	11	15	17	14	9	6	4
Comfort	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Cool	Cool	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	2	Bracing
Feb	1	Bracing
Mar	1	Bracing
Apr	2	Bracing
May	6	Bracing
Jun	11	Bracing
Jul	15	Cool
Aug	17	Cool
Sep	14	Bracing
Oct	9	Bracing
Nov	6	Bracing
Dec	4	Bracing

UV index in Gamla Uppsala in June

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Gamla Uppsala peaks around June 17 at about 5 (moderate) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 0 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	0	1	2	3	4	5	4	4	3	1	0	0
Level	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	0	Low
Feb	1	Low
Mar	2	Low
Apr	3	Moderate
May	4	Moderate
Jun	5	Moderate
Jul	4	Moderate
Aug	4	Moderate
Sep	3	Moderate
Oct	1	Low
Nov	0	Low
Dec	0	Low

Location & terrain

Where is Gamla Uppsala?

Gamla Uppsala sits at 59.9°N, 17.6°E, 34 m above sea level, in Sweden. The nearest listed city is Uppsala, 4.0 km away.

Topography around Gamla Uppsala

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Gamla Uppsala.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Gamla Uppsala has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 49 m around an average of 22 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 77 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 222 m.

The land around Gamla Uppsala is covered by cropland (43%) and grassland (24%) within 3 km, trees (50%) and cropland (27%) within 16 km, and trees (60%) within 80 km.

3 km

49 m

cropland 43%

16 km

77 m

trees 50%

80 km

222 m

trees 60%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswaterwetland

← May Gamla Uppsala year-round climate July →Best places to visit in June

June weather nearby: Uppsala 4.0 km · Märsta 33 km · Enköping 43 km · Upplands Väsby 45 km · Vallentuna 47 km · Jakobsberg 54 km · Sollentuna 55 km · Täby 56 km

Sweden travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 87% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $63,133; 2025
Happiness: 7.3 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 100%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.1; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 3.1; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Very high; EF EPI 609
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Gamla Uppsala (59.8982°, 17.6339°, elevation 34 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	7
2	18	7
3	18	8
4	18	8
5	18	8
6	19	8
7	19	8
8	19	8
9	19	8
10	19	9
11	19	9
12	19	9
13	19	9
14	19	9
15	19	9
16	19	9
17	19	9
18	19	9
19	19	10
20	19	10
21	19	10
22	19	10
23	19	10
24	20	10
25	20	10
26	20	10
27	20	10
28	20	11
29	20	11
30	20	11

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	45	55
3	44	56
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	43	57
7	43	57
8	41	59
9	41	59
10	39	61
11	38	62
12	36	64
13	35	65
14	34	66
15	32	68
16	32	68
17	31	69
18	31	69
19	31	69
20	31	69
21	31	69
22	32	68
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	34	66
27	35	65
28	36	64
29	37	63
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	32
2	32
3	33
4	33
5	34
6	35
7	36
8	37
9	38
10	40
11	41
12	42
13	43
14	44
15	45
16	45
17	45
18	45
19	45
20	45
21	45
22	44
23	44
24	43
25	43
26	42
27	41
28	40
29	40
30	39

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	97	3	0
2	97	3	0
3	97	3	0
4	96	4	0
5	96	4	0
6	95	5	0
7	95	5	0
8	95	5	0
9	94	6	0
10	94	6	0
11	93	7	0
12	93	7	0
13	93	7	0
14	92	8	0
15	92	8	0
16	92	8	0
17	91	9	0
18	91	9	0
19	90	9	1
20	90	9	1
21	90	9	1
22	89	10	1
23	89	10	1
24	88	11	1
25	87	12	1
26	86	13	1
27	84	14	2
28	83	15	2
29	82	16	2
30	81	17	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	7
2	18	7
3	18	8
4	18	8
5	18	8
6	19	8
7	19	8
8	19	8
9	19	8
10	19	9
11	19	9
12	19	9
13	19	9
14	19	9
15	19	9
16	19	9
17	19	9
18	19	9
19	19	10
20	19	10
21	19	10
22	19	10
23	19	10
24	20	10
25	20	10
26	20	10
27	20	10
28	20	11
29	20	11
30	20	11

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	45	55
3	44	56
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	43	57
7	43	57
8	41	59
9	41	59
10	39	61
11	38	62
12	36	64
13	35	65
14	34	66
15	32	68
16	32	68
17	31	69
18	31	69
19	31	69
20	31	69
21	31	69
22	32	68
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	34	66
27	35	65
28	36	64
29	37	63
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	32
2	32
3	33
4	33
5	34
6	35
7	36
8	37
9	38
10	40
11	41
12	42
13	43
14	44
15	45
16	45
17	45
18	45
19	45
20	45
21	45
22	44
23	44
24	43
25	43
26	42
27	41
28	40
29	40
30	39

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	97	3	0
2	97	3	0
3	97	3	0
4	96	4	0
5	96	4	0
6	95	5	0
7	95	5	0
8	95	5	0
9	94	6	0
10	94	6	0
11	93	7	0
12	93	7	0
13	93	7	0
14	92	8	0
15	92	8	0
16	92	8	0
17	91	9	0
18	91	9	0
19	90	9	1
20	90	9	1
21	90	9	1
22	89	10	1
23	89	10	1
24	88	11	1
25	87	12	1
26	86	13	1
27	84	14	2
28	83	15	2
29	82	16	2
30	81	17	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	18	7
2	18	7
3	18	8
4	18	8
5	18	8
6	19	8
7	19	8
8	19	8
9	19	8
10	19	9
11	19	9
12	19	9
13	19	9
14	19	9
15	19	9
16	19	9
17	19	9
18	19	9
19	19	10
20	19	10
21	19	10
22	19	10
23	19	10
24	20	10
25	20	10
26	20	10
27	20	10
28	20	11
29	20	11
30	20	11

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	45	55
3	44	56
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	43	57
7	43	57
8	41	59
9	41	59
10	39	61
11	38	62
12	36	64
13	35	65
14	34	66
15	32	68
16	32	68
17	31	69
18	31	69
19	31	69
20	31	69
21	31	69
22	32	68
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	33	67
26	34	66
27	35	65
28	36	64
29	37	63
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	32
2	32
3	33
4	33
5	34
6	35
7	36
8	37
9	38
10	40
11	41
12	42
13	43
14	44
15	45
16	45
17	45
18	45
19	45
20	45
21	45
22	44
23	44
24	43
25	43
26	42
27	41
28	40
29	40
30	39

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	97	3	0
2	97	3	0
3	97	3	0
4	96	4	0
5	96	4	0
6	95	5	0
7	95	5	0
8	95	5	0
9	94	6	0
10	94	6	0
11	93	7	0
12	93	7	0
13	93	7	0
14	92	8	0
15	92	8	0
16	92	8	0
17	91	9	0
18	91	9	0
19	90	9	1
20	90	9	1
21	90	9	1
22	89	10	1
23	89	10	1
24	88	11	1
25	87	12	1
26	86	13	1
27	84	14	2
28	83	15	2
29	82	16	2
30	81	17	2