Kiruna weather in October
In October, Kiruna sees average daytime highs of 2°C and overnight lows near -3°C, with 48 mm of precipitation across 9.7 wet days and about 8.7 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 6°C in the first days to -1°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 17% of the time in October, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 48 min at the start of October to 6 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Kiruna's 4th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kiruna's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 2°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- -3°
- 7th coldest
- Precipitation
- 48 mm
- 9.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 48 min
- 7:01 AM – 3:47 PM
- Cloud cover
- 73%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 0.65 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Kiruna is urban area in Kiruna Municipality, Sweden.
- Air quality
- Excellent
- PM2.5 3 µg/m³ · 2019
- Founded
- 1900
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in October
Highs ease over the month, from about 6°C in the first days to -1°C by the end.
A typical October day in Kiruna reaches about 2°C in the afternoon and slips back to -3°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -3°C and 7°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs about 7°C cooler than September and about 6°C warmer than November.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 1 |
| 2 | 6 | 0 |
| 3 | 6 | 0 |
| 4 | 5 | 0 |
| 5 | 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 5 | 0 |
| 7 | 5 | 0 |
| 8 | 5 | -1 |
| 9 | 4 | -1 |
| 10 | 4 | -1 |
| 11 | 4 | -1 |
| 12 | 3 | -2 |
| 13 | 3 | -2 |
| 14 | 3 | -2 |
| 15 | 3 | -3 |
| 16 | 2 | -3 |
| 17 | 2 | -3 |
| 18 | 2 | -4 |
| 19 | 1 | -4 |
| 20 | 1 | -4 |
| 21 | 1 | -4 |
| 22 | 1 | -5 |
| 23 | 0 | -5 |
| 24 | 0 | -5 |
| 25 | 0 | -5 |
| 26 | 0 | -5 |
| 27 | 0 | -6 |
| 28 | -1 | -6 |
| 29 | -1 | -6 |
| 30 | -1 | -6 |
| 31 | -1 | -6 |
How October really feels in Kiruna
Once humidity and wind are folded in, October averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in October is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Kiruna weather by month
How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9° / -15° | 31 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 2.1 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -8° / -15° | 26 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 7 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -3° / -11° | 24 | 7 | 8.9 | 11 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 2° / -6° | 28 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 15.1 | 0.0 |
| May | 8° / 0° | 55 | 9.9 | 5.1 | 19.6 | 1.3 |
| Jun | 14° / 6° | 80 | 13 | 0.3 | 23.9 | 3.5 |
| Jul | 17° / 9° | 111 | 15 | 0 | 22.1 | 4.7 |
| Aug | 15° / 7° | 80 | 13.6 | 0 | 17 | 4.0 |
| Sep | 10° / 3° | 64 | 10.8 | 1.5 | 12.8 | 1.9 |
| Oct | 2° / -3° | 48 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Nov | -4° / -9° | 39 | 9.3 | 10 | 4.2 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -6° / -13° | 36 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in October
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 17% of the time in October.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 70%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Cloudier (%) | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 72 |
| 2 | 28 | 72 |
| 3 | 28 | 72 |
| 4 | 29 | 71 |
| 5 | 29 | 71 |
| 6 | 29 | 71 |
| 7 | 29 | 71 |
| 8 | 29 | 71 |
| 9 | 29 | 71 |
| 10 | 30 | 70 |
| 11 | 32 | 68 |
| 12 | 32 | 68 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 32 | 68 |
| 15 | 32 | 68 |
| 16 | 32 | 68 |
| 17 | 32 | 68 |
| 18 | 32 | 68 |
| 19 | 32 | 68 |
| 20 | 31 | 69 |
| 21 | 30 | 70 |
| 22 | 30 | 70 |
| 23 | 30 | 70 |
| 24 | 29 | 71 |
| 25 | 29 | 71 |
| 26 | 29 | 71 |
| 27 | 29 | 71 |
| 28 | 27 | 73 |
| 29 | 27 | 73 |
| 30 | 27 | 73 |
| 31 | 27 | 73 |
Chance of precipitation in October
Kiruna gets around 48 mm of rain and snow over 9.7 wet days in October. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 31% and peaks near 35% on the wettest days, and about 7 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Snow chance (%) | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | 14 |
| 2 | 34 | 15 |
| 3 | 34 | 15 |
| 4 | 34 | 15 |
| 5 | 33 | 16 |
| 6 | 33 | 16 |
| 7 | 33 | 16 |
| 8 | 32 | 16 |
| 9 | 32 | 17 |
| 10 | 31 | 17 |
| 11 | 31 | 17 |
| 12 | 30 | 18 |
| 13 | 30 | 18 |
| 14 | 29 | 18 |
| 15 | 29 | 19 |
| 16 | 28 | 20 |
| 17 | 28 | 20 |
| 18 | 28 | 21 |
| 19 | 28 | 22 |
| 20 | 29 | 23 |
| 21 | 29 | 24 |
| 22 | 29 | 25 |
| 23 | 30 | 26 |
| 24 | 31 | 27 |
| 25 | 32 | 28 |
| 26 | 32 | 29 |
| 27 | 33 | 30 |
| 28 | 34 | 30 |
| 29 | 35 | 31 |
| 30 | 35 | 32 |
| 31 | 35 | 32 |
Humidity in October
Most of October feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, October lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in October
Winds average 10 km/h in October.
Across October, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in October
Daylight runs from about 10 h 48 min at the start of October to 6 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 246 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 6:05 AM to 8:03 AM, and sunset from 4:51 PM to 2:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.8 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:05 | 6:08 | 6:12 | 6:16 | 6:20 | 6:23 | 6:27 | 6:31 | 6:34 | 6:38 | 6:42 | 6:46 | 6:50 | 6:54 | 6:57 | 7:01 | 7:05 | 7:09 | 7:13 | 7:17 | 7:21 | 7:25 | 7:29 | 7:33 | 7:37 | 7:41 | 7:46 | 7:50 | 7:54 | 7:58 | 8:03 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:51 | 4:47 | 4:43 | 4:38 | 4:34 | 4:30 | 4:26 | 4:21 | 4:17 | 4:13 | 4:08 | 4:04 | 4:00 | 3:56 | 3:51 | 3:47 | 3:43 | 3:38 | 3:34 | 3:30 | 3:26 | 3:21 | 3:17 | 3:13 | 3:08 | 3:04 | 3:00 | 2:56 | 2:51 | 2:47 | 2:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.8 | 6:05 | 4:51 |
| 2 | 10.6 | 6:08 | 4:47 |
| 3 | 10.5 | 6:12 | 4:43 |
| 4 | 10.4 | 6:16 | 4:38 |
| 5 | 10.2 | 6:20 | 4:34 |
| 6 | 10.1 | 6:23 | 4:30 |
| 7 | 10.0 | 6:27 | 4:26 |
| 8 | 9.8 | 6:31 | 4:21 |
| 9 | 9.7 | 6:34 | 4:17 |
| 10 | 9.6 | 6:38 | 4:13 |
| 11 | 9.4 | 6:42 | 4:08 |
| 12 | 9.3 | 6:46 | 4:04 |
| 13 | 9.2 | 6:50 | 4:00 |
| 14 | 9.0 | 6:54 | 3:56 |
| 15 | 8.9 | 6:57 | 3:51 |
| 16 | 8.8 | 7:01 | 3:47 |
| 17 | 8.6 | 7:05 | 3:43 |
| 18 | 8.5 | 7:09 | 3:38 |
| 19 | 8.4 | 7:13 | 3:34 |
| 20 | 8.2 | 7:17 | 3:30 |
| 21 | 8.1 | 7:21 | 3:26 |
| 22 | 7.9 | 7:25 | 3:21 |
| 23 | 7.8 | 7:29 | 3:17 |
| 24 | 7.7 | 7:33 | 3:13 |
| 25 | 7.5 | 7:37 | 3:08 |
| 26 | 7.4 | 7:41 | 3:04 |
| 27 | 7.2 | 7:46 | 3:00 |
| 28 | 7.1 | 7:50 | 2:56 |
| 29 | 7.0 | 7:54 | 2:51 |
| 30 | 6.8 | 7:58 | 2:47 |
| 31 | 6.7 | 8:03 | 2:43 |
Solar energy in October
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 0.65 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0 kWh/m² to a high of 4.96 kWh/m² in May across the year — October's 0.65 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 6 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 7 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 8 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 9 | 0.8 | Dim |
| 10 | 0.8 | Dim |
| 11 | 0.8 | Dim |
| 12 | 0.8 | Dim |
| 13 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 14 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 15 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 16 | 0.7 | Dim |
| 17 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 18 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 19 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 20 | 0.6 | Dim |
| 21 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 22 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 23 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 24 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 25 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 26 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 27 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 28 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 29 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 30 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 31 | 0.3 | Dim |
Hazard calendar for Kiruna
None of Kiruna's seasonal hazards are active in October. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Kiruna's rainy season runs May–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is October a good time to visit Kiruna?
Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
October is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Kiruna.
What to pack for Kiruna in October
From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In October, Kiruna sees daytime highs around 2°C and nights near -3°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.
UV index in Kiruna in October
Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kiruna peaks around July 14 at about 4 (moderate) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 0 | Low |
| Mar | 1 | Low |
| Apr | 2 | Low |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 1 | Low |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 0 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Kiruna?
Kiruna sits at 67.9°N, 20.2°E, 579 m above sea level, in Sweden. The nearest listed city is Harstad, 184 km away.
Topography around Kiruna
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kiruna.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kiruna has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 322 m around an average of 523 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 470 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,846 m.
The land around Kiruna is covered by trees (41%) within 3 km, trees (50%) and grassland (34%) within 16 km, and trees (40%) and grassland (37%) within 80 km.
Sweden travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 87% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $63,133
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.1
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 609
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kiruna (67.8557°, 20.2251°, elevation 579 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).