Damascus weather in April
In April, Damascus sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 11 mm of precipitation across 3.1 wet days and about 12.8 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 23°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 61% of the time in April, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of April to 13 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, April is Damascus's 7th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Damascus's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 6th coldest
- Precipitation
- 11 mm
- 3.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 48 min
- 5:10 AM – 6:00 PM
- Cloud cover
- 34%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.63 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.0
- out of 10
Damascus is capital and largest city of Syria.
- Density
- 14,947/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- ~2499 BCE
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in April
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 23°C by the end.
A typical April day in Damascus reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, April runs about 5°C warmer than March and about 5°C cooler than May.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg low (°C) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 7 |
| 2 | 19 | 7 |
| 3 | 19 | 7 |
| 4 | 19 | 7 |
| 5 | 19 | 7 |
| 6 | 20 | 8 |
| 7 | 20 | 8 |
| 8 | 20 | 8 |
| 9 | 20 | 8 |
| 10 | 20 | 8 |
| 11 | 21 | 8 |
| 12 | 21 | 8 |
| 13 | 21 | 8 |
| 14 | 21 | 8 |
| 15 | 21 | 9 |
| 16 | 21 | 9 |
| 17 | 22 | 9 |
| 18 | 22 | 9 |
| 19 | 22 | 9 |
| 20 | 22 | 9 |
| 21 | 22 | 9 |
| 22 | 22 | 9 |
| 23 | 23 | 10 |
| 24 | 23 | 10 |
| 25 | 23 | 10 |
| 26 | 23 | 10 |
| 27 | 23 | 10 |
| 28 | 23 | 10 |
| 29 | 24 | 10 |
| 30 | 24 | 10 |
How April really feels in Damascus
Once humidity and wind are folded in, April averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
April sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Damascus weather by month
How April compares with the rest of the year at a glance. April is the 7th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / 2° | 41 | 7.6 | 1.8 | 10 | 2.7 |
| Feb | 12° / 3° | 35 | 6.9 | 1.9 | 10.8 | 3.6 |
| Mar | 16° / 5° | 25 | 5.1 | 0.4 | 11.7 | 5.9 |
| Apr | 21° / 9° | 11 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 12.8 | 8.0 |
| May | 27° / 13° | 8 | 2.1 | 0 | 13.7 | 8.3 |
| Jun | 31° / 16° | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 14.2 | 6.2 |
| Jul | 34° / 18° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4.4 |
| Aug | 34° / 18° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.2 | 4.3 |
| Sep | 31° / 16° | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 12.2 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 26° / 13° | 8 | 2.2 | 0 | 11.2 | 8.4 |
| Nov | 18° / 7° | 21 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 10.3 | 6.8 |
| Dec | 13° / 3° | 31 | 5.8 | 0.7 | 9.8 | 3.9 |
Cloud cover in April
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 61% of the time in April.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of April, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 20%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 |
| Cloudier (%) | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75 | 25 |
| 2 | 75 | 25 |
| 3 | 76 | 24 |
| 4 | 77 | 23 |
| 5 | 77 | 23 |
| 6 | 78 | 22 |
| 7 | 79 | 21 |
| 8 | 79 | 21 |
| 9 | 80 | 20 |
| 10 | 81 | 19 |
| 11 | 81 | 19 |
| 12 | 81 | 19 |
| 13 | 81 | 19 |
| 14 | 81 | 19 |
| 15 | 81 | 19 |
| 16 | 81 | 19 |
| 17 | 81 | 19 |
| 18 | 81 | 19 |
| 19 | 81 | 19 |
| 20 | 81 | 19 |
| 21 | 81 | 19 |
| 22 | 82 | 18 |
| 23 | 82 | 18 |
| 24 | 82 | 18 |
| 25 | 81 | 19 |
| 26 | 82 | 18 |
| 27 | 82 | 18 |
| 28 | 83 | 17 |
| 29 | 83 | 17 |
| 30 | 83 | 17 |
Chance of precipitation in April
Damascus gets around 11 mm of rain and snow over 3.1 wet days in April. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 10% and peaks near 15% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 14 |
| 3 | 14 |
| 4 | 14 |
| 5 | 13 |
| 6 | 13 |
| 7 | 12 |
| 8 | 12 |
| 9 | 11 |
| 10 | 11 |
| 11 | 10 |
| 12 | 10 |
| 13 | 10 |
| 14 | 9 |
| 15 | 9 |
| 16 | 9 |
| 17 | 9 |
| 18 | 9 |
| 19 | 9 |
| 20 | 9 |
| 21 | 9 |
| 22 | 9 |
| 23 | 9 |
| 24 | 9 |
| 25 | 9 |
| 26 | 9 |
| 27 | 9 |
| 28 | 9 |
| 29 | 9 |
| 30 | 9 |
Humidity in April
Most of April feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, April lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in April
Winds average 9 km/h in April.
Across April, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in April
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of April to 13 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 60 minutes over April. Sunrise moves from 5:30 AM to 4:54 AM, and sunset from 5:49 PM to 6:11 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 13.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:30 | 5:29 | 5:27 | 5:26 | 5:25 | 5:23 | 5:22 | 5:21 | 5:19 | 5:18 | 5:17 | 5:15 | 5:14 | 5:13 | 5:11 | 5:10 | 5:09 | 5:08 | 5:06 | 5:05 | 5:04 | 5:03 | 5:02 | 5:00 | 4:59 | 4:58 | 4:57 | 4:56 | 4:55 | 4:54 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 5:30 | 5:49 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 5:29 | 5:50 |
| 3 | 12.4 | 5:27 | 5:50 |
| 4 | 12.4 | 5:26 | 5:51 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:52 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:23 | 5:53 |
| 7 | 12.5 | 5:22 | 5:53 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 5:21 | 5:54 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 5:19 | 5:55 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 5:18 | 5:56 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 5:17 | 5:56 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 5:15 | 5:57 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 5:14 | 5:58 |
| 14 | 12.8 | 5:13 | 5:59 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 5:11 | 5:59 |
| 16 | 12.8 | 5:10 | 6:00 |
| 17 | 12.9 | 5:09 | 6:01 |
| 18 | 12.9 | 5:08 | 6:02 |
| 19 | 12.9 | 5:06 | 6:02 |
| 20 | 13.0 | 5:05 | 6:03 |
| 21 | 13.0 | 5:04 | 6:04 |
| 22 | 13.0 | 5:03 | 6:05 |
| 23 | 13.1 | 5:02 | 6:05 |
| 24 | 13.1 | 5:00 | 6:06 |
| 25 | 13.1 | 4:59 | 6:07 |
| 26 | 13.2 | 4:58 | 6:08 |
| 27 | 13.2 | 4:57 | 6:08 |
| 28 | 13.2 | 4:56 | 6:09 |
| 29 | 13.3 | 4:55 | 6:10 |
| 30 | 13.3 | 4:54 | 6:11 |
Solar energy in April
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in April, about 6.63 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.72 kWh/m² to a high of 8.26 kWh/m² in June across the year — April's 6.63 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.1 | Intense |
Is April a good time to visit Damascus?
Our two travel scores rate April for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
April is one of the better times to visit Damascus for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Damascus in April
From April's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In April, Damascus sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 9°C. Pack sun protection. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Damascus in April
Clear-sky midday UV in April peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Damascus peaks around June 21 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Damascus in April
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where April falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Damascus is worst in November — around 58 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.9× the cleanest month (July, 31 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 52 | 57 | 52 | 54 | 44 | 35 | 31 | 31 | 41 | 51 | 58 | 57 |
| Level | Poor | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 52 | Poor |
| Feb | 57 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 52 | Poor |
| Apr | 54 | Poor |
| May | 44 | Poor |
| Jun | 35 | Poor |
| Jul | 31 | Moderate |
| Aug | 31 | Moderate |
| Sep | 41 | Poor |
| Oct | 51 | Poor |
| Nov | 58 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 57 | Unhealthy |
Where is Damascus?
Damascus sits at 33.5°N, 36.3°E, 701 m above sea level, in Syria. The nearest listed city is al-Yarmūk, 5.0 km away.
Topography around Damascus
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Damascus.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Damascus has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 481 m around an average of 724 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 988 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,803 m.
The land around Damascus is covered by artificial surfaces (77%) within 3 km, grassland (39%), artificial surfaces (27%) and cropland (22%) within 16 km, and grassland (35%), bare terrain (29%) and cropland (23%) within 80 km.
Syria travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2022
- GDP per capita
- $1,057
- 2022
- Happiness
- 3.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2018
- Homicide rate
- 2.1
- per 100k, 2010
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 456
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Damascus (33.5102°, 36.2913°, elevation 701 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).