Basotu weather in November
In November, Basotu sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 119 mm of rain across 10.5 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 23% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 12 min at the start of November to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Basotu's 7th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Basotu's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 119 mm
- 10.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:19 AM – 6:31 PM
- Cloud cover
- 62%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.55 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.3
- out of 10
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical November day in Basotu reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 25°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and about 2°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 16 |
| 2 | 28 | 16 |
| 3 | 28 | 16 |
| 4 | 28 | 16 |
| 5 | 28 | 16 |
| 6 | 28 | 16 |
| 7 | 28 | 16 |
| 8 | 28 | 16 |
| 9 | 28 | 16 |
| 10 | 28 | 16 |
| 11 | 28 | 16 |
| 12 | 28 | 16 |
| 13 | 27 | 16 |
| 14 | 27 | 16 |
| 15 | 27 | 16 |
| 16 | 27 | 16 |
| 17 | 27 | 16 |
| 18 | 27 | 16 |
| 19 | 27 | 16 |
| 20 | 27 | 16 |
| 21 | 27 | 16 |
| 22 | 27 | 16 |
| 23 | 27 | 16 |
| 24 | 27 | 16 |
| 25 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 27 | 16 |
| 27 | 27 | 16 |
| 28 | 27 | 16 |
| 29 | 27 | 16 |
| 30 | 27 | 16 |
Basotu weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 2nd-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25° / 16° | 233 | 18.5 | 12.2 | 5.4 |
| Feb | 26° / 16° | 170 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 5.6 |
| Mar | 26° / 16° | 238 | 18.8 | 12 | 5.4 |
| Apr | 25° / 16° | 168 | 14.9 | 11.9 | 6.0 |
| May | 25° / 15° | 34 | 6 | 11.8 | 7.7 |
| Jun | 25° / 14° | 5 | 1.1 | 11.8 | 8.3 |
| Jul | 24° / 13° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.8 | 8.6 |
| Aug | 25° / 13° | 2 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 8.4 |
| Sep | 27° / 14° | 3 | 0.7 | 12 | 8.1 |
| Oct | 28° / 16° | 20 | 3.1 | 12.1 | 7.4 |
| Nov | 27° / 16° | 119 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 6.3 |
| Dec | 26° / 16° | 273 | 18.5 | 12.2 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 23% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 54%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 |
| Cloudier (%) | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49 | 51 |
| 2 | 49 | 51 |
| 3 | 49 | 51 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 48 | 52 |
| 6 | 49 | 51 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 48 | 52 |
| 9 | 48 | 52 |
| 10 | 47 | 53 |
| 11 | 46 | 54 |
| 12 | 46 | 54 |
| 13 | 45 | 55 |
| 14 | 45 | 55 |
| 15 | 45 | 55 |
| 16 | 44 | 56 |
| 17 | 44 | 56 |
| 18 | 44 | 56 |
| 19 | 44 | 56 |
| 20 | 44 | 56 |
| 21 | 43 | 57 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 44 | 56 |
| 24 | 44 | 56 |
| 25 | 44 | 56 |
| 26 | 44 | 56 |
| 27 | 44 | 56 |
| 28 | 44 | 56 |
| 29 | 45 | 55 |
| 30 | 45 | 55 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Basotu gets around 119 mm of rain over 10.5 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 35% and peaks near 50% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 20 |
| 2 | 21 |
| 3 | 22 |
| 4 | 23 |
| 5 | 24 |
| 6 | 24 |
| 7 | 25 |
| 8 | 26 |
| 9 | 27 |
| 10 | 28 |
| 11 | 29 |
| 12 | 30 |
| 13 | 31 |
| 14 | 32 |
| 15 | 34 |
| 16 | 35 |
| 17 | 36 |
| 18 | 38 |
| 19 | 39 |
| 20 | 41 |
| 21 | 42 |
| 22 | 43 |
| 23 | 44 |
| 24 | 45 |
| 25 | 45 |
| 26 | 46 |
| 27 | 47 |
| 28 | 48 |
| 29 | 49 |
| 30 | 50 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 56% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 77 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 68 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 61 | 61 | 59 | 58 | 56 | 54 | 53 | 51 | 49 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 38 |
| Comfortable (%) | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
| Humid (%) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 77 | 20 | 3 |
| 2 | 76 | 21 | 3 |
| 3 | 74 | 22 | 4 |
| 4 | 73 | 23 | 4 |
| 5 | 71 | 25 | 4 |
| 6 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 7 | 68 | 27 | 5 |
| 8 | 66 | 28 | 6 |
| 9 | 65 | 29 | 6 |
| 10 | 63 | 30 | 7 |
| 11 | 61 | 31 | 8 |
| 12 | 61 | 31 | 8 |
| 13 | 59 | 32 | 9 |
| 14 | 58 | 32 | 10 |
| 15 | 56 | 33 | 11 |
| 16 | 54 | 34 | 12 |
| 17 | 53 | 34 | 13 |
| 18 | 51 | 35 | 14 |
| 19 | 49 | 36 | 15 |
| 20 | 48 | 36 | 16 |
| 21 | 46 | 37 | 17 |
| 22 | 45 | 37 | 18 |
| 23 | 44 | 37 | 19 |
| 24 | 43 | 37 | 20 |
| 25 | 42 | 37 | 20 |
| 26 | 42 | 37 | 21 |
| 27 | 41 | 38 | 22 |
| 28 | 40 | 38 | 22 |
| 29 | 39 | 38 | 23 |
| 30 | 38 | 38 | 24 |
Wind in November
Winds average 11 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 13 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 13 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | light breeze |
| 10 | 12 | light breeze |
| 11 | 12 | light breeze |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 12 min at the start of November to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:19 AM to 6:22 AM, and sunset from 6:28 PM to 6:36 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:28 |
| 2 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:28 |
| 3 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:28 |
| 4 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:28 |
| 5 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:28 |
| 6 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| 7 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| 8 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| 9 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| 10 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| 11 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:30 |
| 12 | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:30 |
| 13 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:30 |
| 14 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:30 |
| 15 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:31 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:31 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:31 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:32 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:19 | 6:32 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:32 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:33 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:33 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:33 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:34 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:34 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:34 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:35 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:35 |
| 29 | 12.2 | 6:22 | 6:36 |
| 30 | 12.2 | 6:22 | 6:36 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.55 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.74 kWh/m² to a high of 7.16 kWh/m² in October across the year — November's 6.55 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.3 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Basotu
In November, Basotu sits inside its cyclone season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Basotu sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Basotu's monsoon runs December–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Basotu?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Basotu for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Basotu in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Basotu sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Basotu in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Basotu peaks around March 14 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Basotu?
Basotu sits at 4.4°S, 35.1°E, 1,609 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Mtinko, 33 km away.
Topography around Basotu
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Basotu.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Basotu has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 60 m around an average of 1,618 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 274 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,357 m.
The land around Basotu is covered by water (35%) and cropland (32%) within 3 km, cropland (59%) within 16 km, and cropland (42%) and shrubs (28%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Basotu (-4.3667°, 35.0833°, elevation 1,609 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).