Bunda weather in February
In February, Bunda sees average daytime highs of 28°C and overnight lows near 21°C, with 96 mm of rain across 15.1 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Bunda's 6th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Bunda's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 28°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 21°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 96 mm
- 15.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 06 min
- 6:57 AM – 7:01 PM
- Cloud cover
- 63%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.3 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.4
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month.
A typical February day in Bunda reaches about 28°C in the afternoon and slips back to 21°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 25°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 20 |
| 2 | 27 | 20 |
| 3 | 27 | 20 |
| 4 | 27 | 20 |
| 5 | 27 | 20 |
| 6 | 28 | 20 |
| 7 | 28 | 21 |
| 8 | 28 | 21 |
| 9 | 28 | 21 |
| 10 | 28 | 21 |
| 11 | 28 | 21 |
| 12 | 28 | 21 |
| 13 | 28 | 21 |
| 14 | 28 | 21 |
| 15 | 28 | 21 |
| 16 | 28 | 21 |
| 17 | 28 | 21 |
| 18 | 28 | 21 |
| 19 | 28 | 21 |
| 20 | 28 | 21 |
| 21 | 28 | 21 |
| 22 | 28 | 21 |
| 23 | 28 | 21 |
| 24 | 28 | 21 |
| 25 | 28 | 21 |
| 26 | 28 | 21 |
| 27 | 28 | 21 |
| 28 | 28 | 21 |
Bunda weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 20° | 121 | 18.1 | 12.1 | 5.3 |
| Feb | 28° / 21° | 96 | 15.1 | 12.1 | 5.4 |
| Mar | 27° / 21° | 145 | 20 | 12 | 4.9 |
| Apr | 27° / 20° | 171 | 21.2 | 12 | 4.5 |
| May | 27° / 20° | 81 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 27° / 20° | 25 | 5.6 | 11.9 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 28° / 20° | 12 | 2.8 | 11.9 | 7.5 |
| Aug | 28° / 20° | 34 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 6.9 |
| Sep | 28° / 21° | 56 | 10 | 12 | 6.0 |
| Oct | 28° / 21° | 113 | 17.3 | 12 | 5.1 |
| Nov | 27° / 20° | 172 | 21.8 | 12.1 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 26° / 20° | 164 | 22.2 | 12.1 | 4.8 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 56%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 |
| Cloudier (%) | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 46 | 54 |
| 2 | 46 | 54 |
| 3 | 46 | 54 |
| 4 | 46 | 54 |
| 5 | 46 | 54 |
| 6 | 45 | 55 |
| 7 | 45 | 55 |
| 8 | 45 | 55 |
| 9 | 45 | 55 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 44 | 56 |
| 12 | 43 | 57 |
| 13 | 43 | 57 |
| 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 15 | 43 | 57 |
| 16 | 43 | 57 |
| 17 | 43 | 57 |
| 18 | 43 | 57 |
| 19 | 43 | 57 |
| 20 | 43 | 57 |
| 21 | 43 | 57 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 44 | 56 |
| 25 | 44 | 56 |
| 26 | 44 | 56 |
| 27 | 43 | 57 |
| 28 | 43 | 57 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Bunda gets around 96 mm of rain over 15.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 54% and peaks near 59% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 52 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 52 |
| 2 | 51 |
| 3 | 50 |
| 4 | 50 |
| 5 | 50 |
| 6 | 50 |
| 7 | 50 |
| 8 | 50 |
| 9 | 50 |
| 10 | 50 |
| 11 | 51 |
| 12 | 51 |
| 13 | 51 |
| 14 | 52 |
| 15 | 52 |
| 16 | 53 |
| 17 | 54 |
| 18 | 54 |
| 19 | 55 |
| 20 | 56 |
| 21 | 57 |
| 22 | 57 |
| 23 | 58 |
| 24 | 58 |
| 25 | 59 |
| 26 | 59 |
| 27 | 59 |
| 28 | 59 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 67% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 67% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Humid (%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Muggy (%) | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 31 | 66 |
| 2 | 3 | 31 | 66 |
| 3 | 3 | 31 | 66 |
| 4 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 5 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 6 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 7 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 8 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 9 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 10 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 11 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 12 | 3 | 33 | 64 |
| 13 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 14 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 15 | 3 | 32 | 65 |
| 16 | 2 | 31 | 67 |
| 17 | 2 | 31 | 67 |
| 18 | 2 | 30 | 68 |
| 19 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 20 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 21 | 2 | 28 | 70 |
| 22 | 2 | 27 | 71 |
| 23 | 1 | 27 | 72 |
| 24 | 1 | 27 | 72 |
| 25 | 1 | 26 | 73 |
| 26 | 1 | 26 | 73 |
| 27 | 1 | 26 | 73 |
| 28 | 1 | 26 | 73 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:55 AM to 6:57 AM, and sunset from 7:01 PM to 6:59 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:59 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:55 | 7:01 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:01 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 16 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:01 |
| 21 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 22 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:57 | 7:00 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:57 | 6:59 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:57 | 6:59 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.3 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.44 kWh/m² to a high of 6.3 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.3 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.3 | Intense |
Is February a good time to visit Bunda?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Bunda for sightseeing.
What to pack for Bunda in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Bunda sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 21°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 15 days see rain.
UV index in Bunda in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Bunda peaks around March 17 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Bunda in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Bunda is worst in July — around 20 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.9× the cleanest month (November, 10 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 18 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 12 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Moderate |
| Feb | 16 | Moderate |
| Mar | 13 | Moderate |
| Apr | 11 | Good |
| May | 12 | Good |
| Jun | 18 | Moderate |
| Jul | 20 | Moderate |
| Aug | 16 | Moderate |
| Sep | 15 | Moderate |
| Oct | 11 | Good |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 12 | Good |
Where is Bunda?
Bunda sits at 2.0°S, 33.9°E, 1,235 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Nyamuswa, 21 km away.
Topography around Bunda
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Bunda.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Bunda has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 466 m around an average of 1,278 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 502 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 656 m.
The land around Bunda is covered by shrubs (28%), cropland (26%) and artificial surfaces (24%) within 3 km, cropland (53%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and cropland (36%), grassland (26%) and water (25%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Bunda (-2.0215°, 33.8711°, elevation 1,235 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).