Galappo weather in June
In June, Galappo sees average daytime highs of 24°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 8 mm of rain across 2.7 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 48 min at the start of June to 11 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Galappo's 10th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Galappo's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 24°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 14°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 8 mm
- 2.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 6:44 AM – 6:29 PM
- Cloud cover
- 65%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.74 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.9
- out of 10
Temperature in June
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month.
A typical June day in Galappo reaches about 24°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 22°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs on par with May and on par with July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg low (°C) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 15 |
| 2 | 24 | 15 |
| 3 | 24 | 15 |
| 4 | 24 | 14 |
| 5 | 24 | 14 |
| 6 | 24 | 14 |
| 7 | 24 | 14 |
| 8 | 24 | 14 |
| 9 | 24 | 14 |
| 10 | 24 | 14 |
| 11 | 24 | 14 |
| 12 | 24 | 14 |
| 13 | 24 | 14 |
| 14 | 24 | 14 |
| 15 | 24 | 14 |
| 16 | 24 | 14 |
| 17 | 24 | 14 |
| 18 | 24 | 14 |
| 19 | 24 | 14 |
| 20 | 24 | 14 |
| 21 | 24 | 14 |
| 22 | 24 | 14 |
| 23 | 24 | 14 |
| 24 | 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 24 | 14 |
| 26 | 24 | 14 |
| 27 | 24 | 13 |
| 28 | 24 | 13 |
| 29 | 24 | 13 |
| 30 | 24 | 13 |
Galappo weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 11th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 17° | 98 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 5.8 |
| Feb | 29° / 18° | 64 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 5.5 |
| Mar | 28° / 18° | 106 | 15.8 | 12 | 5.2 |
| Apr | 26° / 17° | 113 | 21.7 | 11.9 | 4.9 |
| May | 25° / 16° | 51 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 24° / 14° | 8 | 2.7 | 11.8 | 7.9 |
| Jul | 24° / 13° | 6 | 1.7 | 11.8 | 8.2 |
| Aug | 25° / 13° | 9 | 3.1 | 11.9 | 7.9 |
| Sep | 27° / 14° | 7 | 2.4 | 12 | 7.8 |
| Oct | 28° / 16° | 24 | 6 | 12.1 | 6.6 |
| Nov | 28° / 17° | 63 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 5.6 |
| Dec | 28° / 18° | 93 | 13.8 | 12.2 | 5.7 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in June.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 63%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 34 | 34 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 38 | 38 |
| Cloudier (%) | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 62 | 62 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 | 58 |
| 2 | 42 | 58 |
| 3 | 43 | 57 |
| 4 | 43 | 57 |
| 5 | 42 | 58 |
| 6 | 42 | 58 |
| 7 | 41 | 59 |
| 8 | 41 | 59 |
| 9 | 40 | 60 |
| 10 | 39 | 61 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 37 | 63 |
| 13 | 36 | 64 |
| 14 | 36 | 64 |
| 15 | 34 | 66 |
| 16 | 34 | 66 |
| 17 | 32 | 68 |
| 18 | 32 | 68 |
| 19 | 32 | 68 |
| 20 | 31 | 69 |
| 21 | 32 | 68 |
| 22 | 32 | 68 |
| 23 | 33 | 67 |
| 24 | 33 | 67 |
| 25 | 34 | 66 |
| 26 | 34 | 66 |
| 27 | 35 | 65 |
| 28 | 37 | 63 |
| 29 | 38 | 62 |
| 30 | 38 | 62 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Galappo gets around 8 mm of rain over 2.7 wet days in June. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 9% and peaks near 17% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 17 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 17 |
| 2 | 15 |
| 3 | 14 |
| 4 | 13 |
| 5 | 13 |
| 6 | 12 |
| 7 | 11 |
| 8 | 10 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 10 | 9 |
| 11 | 8 |
| 12 | 8 |
| 13 | 8 |
| 14 | 7 |
| 15 | 7 |
| 16 | 7 |
| 17 | 7 |
| 18 | 7 |
| 19 | 7 |
| 20 | 7 |
| 21 | 8 |
| 22 | 8 |
| 23 | 8 |
| 24 | 8 |
| 25 | 9 |
| 26 | 9 |
| 27 | 9 |
| 28 | 9 |
| 29 | 9 |
| 30 | 9 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 68% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 40 | 42 | 45 | 48 | 50 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 67 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 84 | 85 | 86 |
| Comfortable (%) | 54 | 52 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 43 | 41 | 39 | 37 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| Humid (%) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 40 | 54 | 6 |
| 2 | 42 | 52 | 6 |
| 3 | 45 | 50 | 5 |
| 4 | 48 | 48 | 5 |
| 5 | 50 | 46 | 4 |
| 6 | 54 | 43 | 3 |
| 7 | 56 | 41 | 3 |
| 8 | 58 | 39 | 3 |
| 9 | 61 | 37 | 2 |
| 10 | 63 | 35 | 2 |
| 11 | 66 | 33 | 1 |
| 12 | 67 | 32 | 1 |
| 13 | 69 | 30 | 1 |
| 14 | 70 | 29 | 1 |
| 15 | 71 | 28 | 1 |
| 16 | 73 | 27 | 0 |
| 17 | 74 | 26 | 0 |
| 18 | 74 | 26 | 0 |
| 19 | 75 | 25 | 0 |
| 20 | 75 | 25 | 0 |
| 21 | 76 | 24 | 0 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 | 0 |
| 23 | 78 | 22 | 0 |
| 24 | 79 | 21 | 0 |
| 25 | 80 | 20 | 0 |
| 26 | 81 | 19 | 0 |
| 27 | 82 | 18 | 0 |
| 28 | 84 | 16 | 0 |
| 29 | 85 | 15 | 0 |
| 30 | 86 | 14 | 0 |
Wind in June
Winds average 7 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 11 h 48 min at the start of June to 11 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 6:41 AM to 6:47 AM, and sunset from 6:27 PM to 6:32 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.8 | 6:41 | 6:27 |
| 2 | 11.8 | 6:41 | 6:27 |
| 3 | 11.8 | 6:41 | 6:27 |
| 4 | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:28 |
| 5 | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:28 |
| 6 | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:28 |
| 7 | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:28 |
| 8 | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:28 |
| 9 | 11.8 | 6:43 | 6:28 |
| 10 | 11.8 | 6:43 | 6:28 |
| 11 | 11.8 | 6:43 | 6:29 |
| 12 | 11.8 | 6:43 | 6:29 |
| 13 | 11.8 | 6:44 | 6:29 |
| 14 | 11.8 | 6:44 | 6:29 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 6:44 | 6:29 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 6:44 | 6:29 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 6:44 | 6:30 |
| 18 | 11.8 | 6:45 | 6:30 |
| 19 | 11.8 | 6:45 | 6:30 |
| 20 | 11.8 | 6:45 | 6:30 |
| 21 | 11.8 | 6:45 | 6:30 |
| 22 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:31 |
| 23 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:31 |
| 24 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:31 |
| 25 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:31 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:32 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:32 |
| 28 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:32 |
| 29 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:32 |
| 30 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:32 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 4.74 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.69 kWh/m² to a high of 6.65 kWh/m² in February across the year — June's 4.74 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.8 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Galappo
None of Galappo's seasonal hazards are active in June. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Galappo's rainy season runs November–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is June a good time to visit Galappo?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is one of the better times to visit Galappo for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Galappo in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Galappo sees daytime highs around 24°C and nights near 14°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Galappo in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Galappo peaks around March 12 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Galappo?
Galappo sits at 4.3°S, 35.9°E, 1,379 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Babati, 12 km away.
Topography around Galappo
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Galappo.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Galappo has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 511 m around an average of 1,407 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,262 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,403 m.
The land around Galappo is covered by trees (51%) and cropland (35%) within 3 km, cropland (41%) and trees (24%) within 16 km, and shrubs (34%), grassland (28%) and cropland (25%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Galappo (-4.2667°, 35.85°, elevation 1,379 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).