Utengule weather in February
In February, Utengule sees average daytime highs of 25°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 245 mm of rain across 23.9 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 25°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 24 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Utengule's 11th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Utengule's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 25°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 245 mm
- 23.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 6:53 AM – 7:10 PM
- Cloud cover
- 88%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.66 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.1
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 25°C through the month.
A typical February day in Utengule reaches about 25°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 22°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg low (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 16 |
| 2 | 24 | 16 |
| 3 | 24 | 16 |
| 4 | 24 | 16 |
| 5 | 24 | 16 |
| 6 | 24 | 16 |
| 7 | 24 | 16 |
| 8 | 24 | 16 |
| 9 | 24 | 16 |
| 10 | 24 | 16 |
| 11 | 24 | 16 |
| 12 | 24 | 16 |
| 13 | 24 | 16 |
| 14 | 25 | 16 |
| 15 | 25 | 16 |
| 16 | 25 | 16 |
| 17 | 25 | 16 |
| 18 | 25 | 16 |
| 19 | 25 | 16 |
| 20 | 25 | 16 |
| 21 | 25 | 16 |
| 22 | 25 | 16 |
| 23 | 25 | 16 |
| 24 | 25 | 16 |
| 25 | 25 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | 16 |
| 27 | 25 | 16 |
| 28 | 25 | 16 |
Utengule weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 16° | 320 | 27.9 | 12.5 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 25° / 16° | 245 | 23.9 | 12.3 | 4.1 |
| Mar | 25° / 16° | 351 | 28.2 | 12.1 | 3.9 |
| Apr | 24° / 16° | 192 | 21.4 | 11.8 | 5.0 |
| May | 24° / 14° | 26 | 5.6 | 11.6 | 7.8 |
| Jun | 23° / 12° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.5 | 8.7 |
| Jul | 23° / 11° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.5 | 8.8 |
| Aug | 25° / 13° | 1 | 0.4 | 11.7 | 8.8 |
| Sep | 27° / 14° | 5 | 1.2 | 11.9 | 8.1 |
| Oct | 28° / 16° | 38 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 6.6 |
| Nov | 27° / 17° | 166 | 16.6 | 12.4 | 5.3 |
| Dec | 25° / 16° | 333 | 25.7 | 12.5 | 4.2 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 5% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 92%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Cloudier (%) | 94 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 94 |
| 2 | 5 | 95 |
| 3 | 5 | 95 |
| 4 | 6 | 94 |
| 5 | 6 | 94 |
| 6 | 6 | 94 |
| 7 | 6 | 94 |
| 8 | 7 | 93 |
| 9 | 7 | 93 |
| 10 | 7 | 93 |
| 11 | 7 | 93 |
| 12 | 8 | 92 |
| 13 | 8 | 92 |
| 14 | 8 | 92 |
| 15 | 8 | 92 |
| 16 | 9 | 91 |
| 17 | 9 | 91 |
| 18 | 9 | 91 |
| 19 | 9 | 91 |
| 20 | 9 | 91 |
| 21 | 8 | 92 |
| 22 | 8 | 92 |
| 23 | 8 | 92 |
| 24 | 8 | 92 |
| 25 | 8 | 92 |
| 26 | 9 | 91 |
| 27 | 9 | 91 |
| 28 | 9 | 91 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Utengule gets around 245 mm of rain over 23.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 86% and peaks near 88% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 88 |
| 2 | 88 |
| 3 | 87 |
| 4 | 87 |
| 5 | 87 |
| 6 | 86 |
| 7 | 86 |
| 8 | 86 |
| 9 | 85 |
| 10 | 85 |
| 11 | 85 |
| 12 | 85 |
| 13 | 85 |
| 14 | 85 |
| 15 | 85 |
| 16 | 85 |
| 17 | 84 |
| 18 | 85 |
| 19 | 85 |
| 20 | 85 |
| 21 | 85 |
| 22 | 86 |
| 23 | 86 |
| 24 | 86 |
| 25 | 87 |
| 26 | 87 |
| 27 | 88 |
| 28 | 88 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 70% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Comfortable (%) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Humid (%) | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 27 | 73 |
| 2 | 1 | 27 | 72 |
| 3 | 1 | 27 | 72 |
| 4 | 1 | 28 | 71 |
| 5 | 1 | 28 | 71 |
| 6 | 1 | 28 | 71 |
| 7 | 1 | 29 | 70 |
| 8 | 1 | 29 | 70 |
| 9 | 1 | 29 | 70 |
| 10 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 11 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 12 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 13 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 14 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 15 | 1 | 30 | 69 |
| 16 | 2 | 30 | 68 |
| 17 | 2 | 30 | 68 |
| 18 | 2 | 30 | 68 |
| 19 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 20 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 21 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 22 | 2 | 28 | 70 |
| 23 | 2 | 27 | 71 |
| 24 | 2 | 27 | 71 |
| 25 | 2 | 26 | 72 |
| 26 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 27 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 28 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 24 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:49 AM to 6:54 AM, and sunset from 7:12 PM to 7:06 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:08 | 7:08 | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:06 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.4 | 6:49 | 7:12 |
| 2 | 12.4 | 6:49 | 7:12 |
| 3 | 12.4 | 6:49 | 7:12 |
| 4 | 12.4 | 6:50 | 7:12 |
| 5 | 12.4 | 6:50 | 7:12 |
| 6 | 12.4 | 6:50 | 7:11 |
| 7 | 12.3 | 6:51 | 7:11 |
| 8 | 12.3 | 6:51 | 7:11 |
| 9 | 12.3 | 6:51 | 7:11 |
| 10 | 12.3 | 6:51 | 7:11 |
| 11 | 12.3 | 6:52 | 7:11 |
| 12 | 12.3 | 6:52 | 7:11 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 6:52 | 7:10 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 6:52 | 7:10 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:10 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:10 |
| 17 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:10 |
| 18 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:09 |
| 19 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:09 |
| 20 | 12.3 | 6:53 | 7:09 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:08 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:08 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:08 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:07 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:07 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:07 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:06 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:54 | 7:06 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.66 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.29 kWh/m² to a high of 6.89 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 5.66 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.7 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Utengule
In February, Utengule sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Utengule's monsoon runs November–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Utengule?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Utengule for sightseeing.
What to pack for Utengule in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Utengule sees daytime highs around 25°C and nights near 16°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 24 days see rain.
UV index in Utengule in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Utengule peaks around February 21 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Air quality in Utengule in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Utengule is worst in October — around 20 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.7× the cleanest month (May, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 14 | 10 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Moderate |
| Feb | 13 | Moderate |
| Mar | 12 | Good |
| Apr | 10 | Good |
| May | 8 | Good |
| Jun | 8 | Good |
| Jul | 11 | Good |
| Aug | 16 | Moderate |
| Sep | 20 | Moderate |
| Oct | 20 | Moderate |
| Nov | 14 | Moderate |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Where is Utengule?
Utengule sits at 8.9°S, 33.3°E, 1,397 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Mbeya, 13 km away.
Topography around Utengule
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Utengule.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Utengule has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 405 m around an average of 1,433 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,746 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,425 m.
The land around Utengule is covered by cropland (44%) and trees (37%) within 3 km, cropland (36%), trees (28%) and shrubs (22%) within 16 km, and cropland (34%), trees (33%) and shrubs (25%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Utengule (-8.9°, 33.3333°, elevation 1,397 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).