Çaşgyn weather in December

In December, Çaşgyn sees average daytime highs of 10°C and overnight lows near 1°C, with 13 mm of precipitation across 3.2 wet days and about 9.4 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 10°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 46% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 9 h 36 min at the start of December to 9 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Çaşgyn's 8th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Çaşgyn's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 10°; 11th warmest
Overnight low: 1°; 2nd coldest
Precipitation: 13 mm; 3.2 wet days
Daylight: 9 h 24 min; 8:08 AM – 5:32 PM
Cloud cover: 47%; 8th clearest
Wind: 11 km/h; 10th windiest
Solar energy: 2.31 kWh/m²
Travel score: 2.9; out of 10

Çaşgyn is village in Mary Province, Turkmenistan.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← November Çaşgyn year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in December

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 10°C through the month.

A typical December day in Çaşgyn reaches about 10°C in the afternoon and slips back to 1°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 3°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 6°C cooler than November and about 1°C warmer than January.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	12	12	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Avg low (°C)	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	12	2
2	12	2
3	11	2
4	11	2
5	11	2
6	11	1
7	11	1
8	11	1
9	11	1
10	10	1
11	10	1
12	10	1
13	10	1
14	10	1
15	10	1
16	10	1
17	10	1
18	10	1
19	10	1
20	10	1
21	10	1
22	10	1
23	10	1
24	10	1
25	10	1
26	10	1
27	10	1
28	10	1
29	10	1
30	10	1
31	10	1

How December really feels in Çaşgyn

Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

The story in December is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.

Çaşgyn weather by month

How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 11th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	10° / 0°	19	4.4	1.5	9.7	2.4
Feb	12° / 2°	27	5.5	1.3	10.5	3.7
Mar	18° / 7°	36	6.7	0.3	11.7	6.3
Apr	25° / 13°	24	4.9	0	12.9	7.6
May	31° / 18°	11	2.7	0	14	5.3
Jun	37° / 23°	1	0.4	0	14.6	2.4
Jul	38° / 25°	1	0.2	0	14.3	1.2
Aug	37° / 22°	0	0.1	0	13.5	2.4
Sep	31° / 16°	1	0.2	0	12.3	6.1
Oct	24° / 10°	6	1.6	0	11	8.8
Nov	16° / 5°	15	3.5	0.3	10	6.0
Dec	10° / 1°	13	3.2	0.5	9.4	2.9

Cloud cover in December

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 46% of the time in December.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 40%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	66	65	65	64	63	63	62	61	61	60	60	59	59	59	57	57	57	57	57	57	57	58	58	59	59	60	60	60	60	60	60
Cloudier (%)	34	35	35	36	37	37	38	39	39	40	40	41	41	41	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	42	42	41	41	40	40	40	40	40	40

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	66	34
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	64	36
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	62	38
8	61	39
9	61	39
10	60	40
11	60	40
12	59	41
13	59	41
14	59	41
15	57	43
16	57	43
17	57	43
18	57	43
19	57	43
20	57	43
21	57	43
22	58	42
23	58	42
24	59	41
25	59	41
26	60	40
27	60	40
28	60	40
29	60	40
30	60	40
31	60	40

Chance of precipitation in December

Any precipitationSnow

Çaşgyn gets around 13 mm of rain and snow over 3.2 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 11% and peaks near 12% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	12	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
Snow chance (%)	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	12	1
2	11	1
3	11	1
4	11	1
5	11	2
6	11	2
7	11	2
8	11	2
9	11	2
10	11	2
11	12	2
12	12	2
13	12	2
14	12	2
15	12	2
16	12	2
17	12	2
18	12	2
19	12	2
20	11	2
21	11	2
22	11	2
23	11	2
24	11	2
25	11	2
26	11	2
27	11	2
28	11	2
29	11	2
30	11	2
31	11	2

Humidity in December

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

	Dry (%)
1	100
2	100
3	100
4	100
5	100
6	100
7	100
8	100
9	100
10	100
11	100
12	100
13	100
14	100
15	100
16	100
17	100
18	100
19	100
20	100
21	100
22	100
23	100
24	100
25	100
26	100
27	100
28	100
29	100
30	100
31	100

Wind in December

Winds average 11 km/h in December.

Across December, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	11	calm
2	11	calm
3	11	calm
4	11	calm
5	11	calm
6	11	calm
7	11	calm
8	11	calm
9	11	calm
10	11	calm
11	11	calm
12	11	calm
13	11	calm
14	11	calm
15	11	calm
16	11	calm
17	11	calm
18	11	calm
19	11	calm
20	11	calm
21	11	calm
22	11	calm
23	11	calm
24	11	calm
25	11	calm
26	11	calm
27	11	calm
28	11	calm
29	11	calm
30	11	calm
31	11	calm

Sunrise & sunset in December

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 9 h 36 min at the start of December to 9 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 7:56 AM to 8:14 AM, and sunset from 5:31 PM to 5:39 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	9.6	9.6	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
Sunrise (AM)	7:56	7:57	7:58	7:59	8:00	8:01	8:02	8:02	8:03	8:04	8:05	8:05	8:06	8:07	8:07	8:08	8:09	8:09	8:10	8:10	8:11	8:11	8:12	8:12	8:13	8:13	8:13	8:14	8:14	8:14	8:14
Sunset (PM)	5:31	5:31	5:31	5:30	5:30	5:30	5:30	5:30	5:30	5:31	5:31	5:31	5:31	5:31	5:32	5:32	5:32	5:33	5:33	5:33	5:34	5:34	5:35	5:35	5:36	5:36	5:37	5:37	5:38	5:39	5:39

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	9.6	7:56	5:31
2	9.6	7:57	5:31
3	9.5	7:58	5:31
4	9.5	7:59	5:30
5	9.5	8:00	5:30
6	9.5	8:01	5:30
7	9.5	8:02	5:30
8	9.5	8:02	5:30
9	9.5	8:03	5:30
10	9.4	8:04	5:31
11	9.4	8:05	5:31
12	9.4	8:05	5:31
13	9.4	8:06	5:31
14	9.4	8:07	5:31
15	9.4	8:07	5:32
16	9.4	8:08	5:32
17	9.4	8:09	5:32
18	9.4	8:09	5:33
19	9.4	8:10	5:33
20	9.4	8:10	5:33
21	9.4	8:11	5:34
22	9.4	8:11	5:34
23	9.4	8:12	5:35
24	9.4	8:12	5:35
25	9.4	8:13	5:36
26	9.4	8:13	5:36
27	9.4	8:13	5:37
28	9.4	8:14	5:37
29	9.4	8:14	5:38
30	9.4	8:14	5:39
31	9.4	8:14	5:39

Solar energy in December

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 2.31 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.31 kWh/m² to a high of 7.69 kWh/m² in July across the year — December's 2.31 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	2.5	Moderate
2	2.4	Moderate
3	2.4	Moderate
4	2.4	Moderate
5	2.4	Moderate
6	2.4	Moderate
7	2.4	Moderate
8	2.4	Moderate
9	2.3	Moderate
10	2.3	Moderate
11	2.3	Moderate
12	2.3	Moderate
13	2.3	Moderate
14	2.3	Moderate
15	2.3	Moderate
16	2.3	Moderate
17	2.3	Moderate
18	2.3	Moderate
19	2.3	Moderate
20	2.3	Moderate
21	2.3	Moderate
22	2.3	Moderate
23	2.3	Moderate
24	2.3	Moderate
25	2.3	Moderate
26	2.3	Moderate
27	2.3	Moderate
28	2.3	Moderate
29	2.4	Moderate
30	2.4	Moderate
31	2.4	Moderate

Planning a trip in December

Hazard calendar for Çaşgyn

In seasonPeak

None of Çaşgyn's seasonal hazards are active in December. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Çaşgyn sees seasonal dust haze (April–August), heaviest in July.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is December a good time to visit Çaşgyn?

Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

2.9

Sightseeing

8th-best month of the year

0.0

Beach & pool

11th-best month of the year

December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Çaşgyn.

What to pack for Çaşgyn in December

From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In December, Çaşgyn sees daytime highs around 10°C and nights near 1°C. Pack a warm layer. About 3 days see rain.

a warm layer

UV index in Çaşgyn in December

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Çaşgyn peaks around June 23 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 2 (moderate).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	2	4	5	6	7	10	9	8	7	4	3	2
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	Very high	Very high	Very high	High	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	2	Moderate
Feb	4	Moderate
Mar	5	Moderate
Apr	6	High
May	7	High
Jun	10	Very high
Jul	9	Very high
Aug	8	Very high
Sep	7	High
Oct	4	Moderate
Nov	3	Moderate
Dec	2	Moderate

Air quality in Çaşgyn in December

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where December falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Çaşgyn is worst in July — around 65 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 2.0× the cleanest month (January, 32 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	32	35	48	50	49	48	65	54	48	41	39	36
Level	Moderate	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Unhealthy	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	32	Moderate
Feb	35	Poor
Mar	48	Poor
Apr	50	Poor
May	49	Poor
Jun	48	Poor
Jul	65	Unhealthy
Aug	54	Poor
Sep	48	Poor
Oct	41	Poor
Nov	39	Poor
Dec	36	Poor

Location & terrain

Where is Çaşgyn?

Çaşgyn sits at 37.8°N, 61.5°E, 200 m above sea level, in Turkmenistan. The nearest listed city is Mary, 34 km away.

Topography around Çaşgyn

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Çaşgyn.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Çaşgyn has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 8 m around an average of 200 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 27 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 146 m.

The land around Çaşgyn is covered by cropland (67%) within 3 km, cropland (58%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (47%) and cropland (34%) within 80 km.

3 km

8 m

cropland 67%

16 km

27 m

cropland 58%

80 km

146 m

bare terrain 47%

shrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← November Çaşgyn year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

December weather nearby: Mary 34 km · Bayramaly 58 km · Türkmengala 81 km · Yolöten 90 km · Tejen 103 km · Sarakhs 144 km · Sarahs 145 km · Kaka 178 km

Turkmenistan travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 1; Exercise Normal Precautions
Power plugs: Type B / C / F; 220 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 0% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $6,540; 2025
Happiness: 5.5 / 10; World Happiness, 2021
Safe drinking water: 95%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1; per 100k, 2015
Road deaths: 13.5; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Upper middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 456
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Çaşgyn (37.7973°, 61.5491°, elevation 200 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	12	2
2	12	2
3	11	2
4	11	2
5	11	2
6	11	1
7	11	1
8	11	1
9	11	1
10	10	1
11	10	1
12	10	1
13	10	1
14	10	1
15	10	1
16	10	1
17	10	1
18	10	1
19	10	1
20	10	1
21	10	1
22	10	1
23	10	1
24	10	1
25	10	1
26	10	1
27	10	1
28	10	1
29	10	1
30	10	1
31	10	1

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	66	34
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	64	36
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	62	38
8	61	39
9	61	39
10	60	40
11	60	40
12	59	41
13	59	41
14	59	41
15	57	43
16	57	43
17	57	43
18	57	43
19	57	43
20	57	43
21	57	43
22	58	42
23	58	42
24	59	41
25	59	41
26	60	40
27	60	40
28	60	40
29	60	40
30	60	40
31	60	40

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	12	1
2	11	1
3	11	1
4	11	1
5	11	2
6	11	2
7	11	2
8	11	2
9	11	2
10	11	2
11	12	2
12	12	2
13	12	2
14	12	2
15	12	2
16	12	2
17	12	2
18	12	2
19	12	2
20	11	2
21	11	2
22	11	2
23	11	2
24	11	2
25	11	2
26	11	2
27	11	2
28	11	2
29	11	2
30	11	2
31	11	2

	Dry (%)
1	100
2	100
3	100
4	100
5	100
6	100
7	100
8	100
9	100
10	100
11	100
12	100
13	100
14	100
15	100
16	100
17	100
18	100
19	100
20	100
21	100
22	100
23	100
24	100
25	100
26	100
27	100
28	100
29	100
30	100
31	100

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	12	2
2	12	2
3	11	2
4	11	2
5	11	2
6	11	1
7	11	1
8	11	1
9	11	1
10	10	1
11	10	1
12	10	1
13	10	1
14	10	1
15	10	1
16	10	1
17	10	1
18	10	1
19	10	1
20	10	1
21	10	1
22	10	1
23	10	1
24	10	1
25	10	1
26	10	1
27	10	1
28	10	1
29	10	1
30	10	1
31	10	1

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	66	34
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	64	36
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	62	38
8	61	39
9	61	39
10	60	40
11	60	40
12	59	41
13	59	41
14	59	41
15	57	43
16	57	43
17	57	43
18	57	43
19	57	43
20	57	43
21	57	43
22	58	42
23	58	42
24	59	41
25	59	41
26	60	40
27	60	40
28	60	40
29	60	40
30	60	40
31	60	40

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	12	1
2	11	1
3	11	1
4	11	1
5	11	2
6	11	2
7	11	2
8	11	2
9	11	2
10	11	2
11	12	2
12	12	2
13	12	2
14	12	2
15	12	2
16	12	2
17	12	2
18	12	2
19	12	2
20	11	2
21	11	2
22	11	2
23	11	2
24	11	2
25	11	2
26	11	2
27	11	2
28	11	2
29	11	2
30	11	2
31	11	2

	Dry (%)
1	100
2	100
3	100
4	100
5	100
6	100
7	100
8	100
9	100
10	100
11	100
12	100
13	100
14	100
15	100
16	100
17	100
18	100
19	100
20	100
21	100
22	100
23	100
24	100
25	100
26	100
27	100
28	100
29	100
30	100
31	100

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	12	2
2	12	2
3	11	2
4	11	2
5	11	2
6	11	1
7	11	1
8	11	1
9	11	1
10	10	1
11	10	1
12	10	1
13	10	1
14	10	1
15	10	1
16	10	1
17	10	1
18	10	1
19	10	1
20	10	1
21	10	1
22	10	1
23	10	1
24	10	1
25	10	1
26	10	1
27	10	1
28	10	1
29	10	1
30	10	1
31	10	1

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	66	34
2	65	35
3	65	35
4	64	36
5	63	37
6	63	37
7	62	38
8	61	39
9	61	39
10	60	40
11	60	40
12	59	41
13	59	41
14	59	41
15	57	43
16	57	43
17	57	43
18	57	43
19	57	43
20	57	43
21	57	43
22	58	42
23	58	42
24	59	41
25	59	41
26	60	40
27	60	40
28	60	40
29	60	40
30	60	40
31	60	40

	Rain chance (%)	Snow chance (%)
1	12	1
2	11	1
3	11	1
4	11	1
5	11	2
6	11	2
7	11	2
8	11	2
9	11	2
10	11	2
11	12	2
12	12	2
13	12	2
14	12	2
15	12	2
16	12	2
17	12	2
18	12	2
19	12	2
20	11	2
21	11	2
22	11	2
23	11	2
24	11	2
25	11	2
26	11	2
27	11	2
28	11	2
29	11	2
30	11	2
31	11	2

	Dry (%)
1	100
2	100
3	100
4	100
5	100
6	100
7	100
8	100
9	100
10	100
11	100
12	100
13	100
14	100
15	100
16	100
17	100
18	100
19	100
20	100
21	100
22	100
23	100
24	100
25	100
26	100
27	100
28	100
29	100
30	100
31	100