Kireka weather in February
In February, Kireka sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 21°C, with 116 mm of rain across 19.2 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Kireka's 1st-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kireka's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 26°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 21°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 116 mm
- 19.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 7:04 AM – 7:04 PM
- Cloud cover
- 65%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.92 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.0
- out of 10
Kireka is place in Wakiso District, Uganda.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month.
A typical February day in Kireka reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 21°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 21 |
| 2 | 26 | 21 |
| 3 | 26 | 21 |
| 4 | 26 | 21 |
| 5 | 26 | 21 |
| 6 | 26 | 21 |
| 7 | 26 | 21 |
| 8 | 26 | 21 |
| 9 | 26 | 21 |
| 10 | 26 | 21 |
| 11 | 26 | 21 |
| 12 | 26 | 21 |
| 13 | 26 | 21 |
| 14 | 26 | 21 |
| 15 | 26 | 21 |
| 16 | 26 | 21 |
| 17 | 26 | 21 |
| 18 | 26 | 21 |
| 19 | 26 | 21 |
| 20 | 26 | 21 |
| 21 | 26 | 21 |
| 22 | 26 | 21 |
| 23 | 26 | 21 |
| 24 | 26 | 21 |
| 25 | 26 | 21 |
| 26 | 26 | 21 |
| 27 | 26 | 21 |
| 28 | 26 | 21 |
Kireka weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 21° | 125 | 21.1 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Feb | 26° / 21° | 116 | 19.2 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Mar | 25° / 21° | 186 | 26 | 12 | 4.3 |
| Apr | 25° / 21° | 244 | 28.3 | 12 | 3.7 |
| May | 24° / 20° | 212 | 28.5 | 12 | 4.0 |
| Jun | 24° / 20° | 145 | 24.8 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Jul | 24° / 19° | 118 | 21.7 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Aug | 24° / 19° | 136 | 25 | 12 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 25° / 20° | 140 | 25.8 | 12 | 4.3 |
| Oct | 25° / 20° | 170 | 27.9 | 12 | 4.0 |
| Nov | 24° / 20° | 200 | 27.9 | 12 | 3.9 |
| Dec | 25° / 20° | 154 | 24.8 | 12 | 4.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in February, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 18% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 60%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 |
| Cloudier (%) | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 55 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 44 | 56 |
| 7 | 44 | 56 |
| 8 | 43 | 57 |
| 9 | 43 | 57 |
| 10 | 42 | 58 |
| 11 | 41 | 59 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 |
| 13 | 40 | 60 |
| 14 | 39 | 61 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 38 | 62 |
| 18 | 38 | 62 |
| 19 | 38 | 62 |
| 20 | 37 | 63 |
| 21 | 37 | 63 |
| 22 | 37 | 63 |
| 23 | 37 | 63 |
| 24 | 36 | 64 |
| 25 | 36 | 64 |
| 26 | 36 | 64 |
| 27 | 35 | 65 |
| 28 | 35 | 65 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Kireka gets around 116 mm of rain over 19.2 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 68% and peaks near 76% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 63 |
| 2 | 63 |
| 3 | 63 |
| 4 | 63 |
| 5 | 63 |
| 6 | 64 |
| 7 | 64 |
| 8 | 65 |
| 9 | 65 |
| 10 | 66 |
| 11 | 66 |
| 12 | 67 |
| 13 | 67 |
| 14 | 68 |
| 15 | 68 |
| 16 | 69 |
| 17 | 69 |
| 18 | 70 |
| 19 | 71 |
| 20 | 71 |
| 21 | 72 |
| 22 | 73 |
| 23 | 73 |
| 24 | 74 |
| 25 | 74 |
| 26 | 75 |
| 27 | 75 |
| 28 | 76 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 85% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 85% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Muggy (%) | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 93 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 17 | 79 |
| 2 | 4 | 17 | 79 |
| 3 | 4 | 17 | 79 |
| 4 | 4 | 17 | 79 |
| 5 | 3 | 17 | 80 |
| 6 | 3 | 16 | 81 |
| 7 | 3 | 16 | 81 |
| 8 | 3 | 16 | 81 |
| 9 | 3 | 15 | 82 |
| 10 | 2 | 15 | 83 |
| 11 | 2 | 14 | 84 |
| 12 | 2 | 14 | 84 |
| 13 | 2 | 13 | 85 |
| 14 | 2 | 13 | 85 |
| 15 | 2 | 12 | 86 |
| 16 | 2 | 12 | 86 |
| 17 | 2 | 11 | 87 |
| 18 | 1 | 11 | 88 |
| 19 | 1 | 11 | 88 |
| 20 | 1 | 10 | 89 |
| 21 | 1 | 10 | 89 |
| 22 | 1 | 9 | 90 |
| 23 | 1 | 9 | 90 |
| 24 | 1 | 8 | 91 |
| 25 | 1 | 8 | 91 |
| 26 | 1 | 8 | 91 |
| 27 | 1 | 8 | 91 |
| 28 | 0 | 7 | 93 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:03 AM to 7:03 AM, and sunset from 7:02 PM to 7:03 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 7:03 | 7:02 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 7:04 | 7:03 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 7:03 | 7:03 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 7:03 | 7:03 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 7:03 | 7:03 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.92 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.7 kWh/m² to a high of 5.92 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 5.92 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Kireka?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Kireka for sightseeing.
What to pack for Kireka in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Kireka sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 21°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 19 days see rain.
UV index in Kireka in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kireka peaks around March 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Kireka in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Kireka is worst in January — around 38 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 2.0× the cleanest month (April, 19 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 38 | 31 | 22 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 33 | 32 | 29 | 27 | 26 | 29 |
| Level | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 38 | Poor |
| Feb | 31 | Moderate |
| Mar | 22 | Moderate |
| Apr | 19 | Moderate |
| May | 21 | Moderate |
| Jun | 29 | Moderate |
| Jul | 33 | Moderate |
| Aug | 32 | Moderate |
| Sep | 29 | Moderate |
| Oct | 27 | Moderate |
| Nov | 26 | Moderate |
| Dec | 29 | Moderate |
Where is Kireka?
Kireka sits at 0.3°N, 32.6°E, 1,181 m above sea level, in Uganda. The nearest listed city is Kira, 6.0 km away.
Topography around Kireka
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kireka.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kireka has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 171 m around an average of 1,180 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 241 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 388 m.
The land around Kireka is covered by artificial surfaces (69%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (35%) and trees (28%) within 16 km, and trees (35%), water (30%) and shrubs (21%) within 80 km.
Uganda travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 35% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,206
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 18%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 29.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 518
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kireka (0.3475°, 32.6492°, elevation 1,181 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).