Durham weather in February
In February, Durham sees average daytime highs of 7°C and overnight lows near 2°C, with 48 mm of precipitation across 11.1 wet days and about 9.3 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 7°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 14% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 24 min at the start of February to 10 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Durham's 5th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Durham's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 7°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 2°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 48 mm
- 11.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 18 min
- 7:42 AM – 5:00 PM
- Cloud cover
- 72%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 19 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.31 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.9
- out of 10
Durham is city and the county town of County Durham in North East England.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 7°C through the month.
A typical February day in Durham reaches about 7°C in the afternoon and slips back to 2°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 3°C and 11°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg low (°C) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | 2 |
| 2 | 7 | 2 |
| 3 | 7 | 2 |
| 4 | 7 | 2 |
| 5 | 7 | 2 |
| 6 | 7 | 2 |
| 7 | 7 | 2 |
| 8 | 7 | 2 |
| 9 | 7 | 2 |
| 10 | 7 | 2 |
| 11 | 7 | 2 |
| 12 | 7 | 2 |
| 13 | 7 | 2 |
| 14 | 7 | 3 |
| 15 | 7 | 3 |
| 16 | 7 | 3 |
| 17 | 7 | 3 |
| 18 | 7 | 3 |
| 19 | 7 | 3 |
| 20 | 7 | 3 |
| 21 | 7 | 3 |
| 22 | 7 | 3 |
| 23 | 8 | 3 |
| 24 | 8 | 3 |
| 25 | 8 | 3 |
| 26 | 8 | 3 |
| 27 | 8 | 3 |
| 28 | 8 | 3 |
How February really feels in Durham
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Durham weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7° / 3° | 55 | 12.3 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 0.7 |
| Feb | 7° / 2° | 48 | 11.1 | 2.1 | 9.3 | 0.9 |
| Mar | 9° / 3° | 45 | 10.4 | 1.2 | 11.5 | 1.8 |
| Apr | 12° / 5° | 53 | 11 | 0.4 | 13.7 | 2.8 |
| May | 14° / 7° | 49 | 11.6 | 0 | 15.8 | 4.0 |
| Jun | 17° / 10° | 63 | 11.4 | 0 | 16.9 | 5.1 |
| Jul | 19° / 12° | 63 | 12.1 | 0 | 16.5 | 5.7 |
| Aug | 19° / 12° | 68 | 12.4 | 0 | 14.7 | 5.6 |
| Sep | 17° / 10° | 55 | 9.5 | 0 | 12.5 | 5.1 |
| Oct | 13° / 8° | 58 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 10.2 | 3.4 |
| Nov | 9° / 5° | 63 | 12.2 | 0.6 | 8.2 | 1.8 |
| Dec | 7° / 3° | 62 | 12.8 | 1.3 | 7.1 | 0.8 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 14% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 69%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Cloudier (%) | 70 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 31 | 69 |
| 3 | 31 | 69 |
| 4 | 31 | 69 |
| 5 | 31 | 69 |
| 6 | 31 | 69 |
| 7 | 32 | 68 |
| 8 | 31 | 69 |
| 9 | 30 | 70 |
| 10 | 31 | 69 |
| 11 | 31 | 69 |
| 12 | 31 | 69 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 31 | 69 |
| 15 | 31 | 69 |
| 16 | 31 | 69 |
| 17 | 31 | 69 |
| 18 | 31 | 69 |
| 19 | 31 | 69 |
| 20 | 31 | 69 |
| 21 | 31 | 69 |
| 22 | 31 | 69 |
| 23 | 31 | 69 |
| 24 | 31 | 69 |
| 25 | 31 | 69 |
| 26 | 31 | 69 |
| 27 | 31 | 69 |
| 28 | 31 | 69 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Durham gets around 48 mm of rain and snow over 11.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 39% and peaks near 40% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 |
| Snow chance (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36 | 6 |
| 2 | 36 | 6 |
| 3 | 37 | 6 |
| 4 | 37 | 7 |
| 5 | 38 | 7 |
| 6 | 38 | 7 |
| 7 | 39 | 7 |
| 8 | 39 | 7 |
| 9 | 39 | 7 |
| 10 | 39 | 7 |
| 11 | 39 | 7 |
| 12 | 40 | 7 |
| 13 | 40 | 7 |
| 14 | 40 | 7 |
| 15 | 40 | 7 |
| 16 | 40 | 7 |
| 17 | 40 | 7 |
| 18 | 40 | 7 |
| 19 | 40 | 7 |
| 20 | 40 | 7 |
| 21 | 40 | 7 |
| 22 | 40 | 7 |
| 23 | 40 | 7 |
| 24 | 40 | 7 |
| 25 | 40 | 7 |
| 26 | 40 | 7 |
| 27 | 39 | 7 |
| 28 | 39 | 7 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 19 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 18 km/h on the calmest days to 19 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | light breeze |
| 2 | 19 | light breeze |
| 3 | 19 | light breeze |
| 4 | 19 | light breeze |
| 5 | 19 | light breeze |
| 6 | 19 | light breeze |
| 7 | 19 | light breeze |
| 8 | 19 | light breeze |
| 9 | 19 | light breeze |
| 10 | 19 | light breeze |
| 11 | 19 | light breeze |
| 12 | 19 | light breeze |
| 13 | 19 | light breeze |
| 14 | 19 | light breeze |
| 15 | 19 | light breeze |
| 16 | 19 | light breeze |
| 17 | 19 | light breeze |
| 18 | 19 | light breeze |
| 19 | 19 | light breeze |
| 20 | 19 | light breeze |
| 21 | 19 | light breeze |
| 22 | 19 | light breeze |
| 23 | 19 | light breeze |
| 24 | 19 | light breeze |
| 25 | 19 | light breeze |
| 26 | 19 | light breeze |
| 27 | 19 | light breeze |
| 28 | 18 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 8 h 24 min at the start of February to 10 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 108 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 8:08 AM to 7:12 AM, and sunset from 4:31 PM to 5:27 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:08 | 8:07 | 8:05 | 8:03 | 8:01 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:56 | 7:54 | 7:52 | 7:50 | 7:48 | 7:46 | 7:44 | 7:42 | 7:40 | 7:37 | 7:35 | 7:33 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:22 | 7:19 | 7:17 | 7:15 | 7:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:31 | 4:33 | 4:35 | 4:37 | 4:39 | 4:41 | 4:44 | 4:46 | 4:48 | 4:50 | 4:52 | 4:54 | 4:56 | 4:58 | 5:00 | 5:02 | 5:04 | 5:06 | 5:08 | 5:11 | 5:13 | 5:15 | 5:17 | 5:19 | 5:21 | 5:23 | 5:25 | 5:27 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.4 | 8:08 | 4:31 |
| 2 | 8.4 | 8:07 | 4:33 |
| 3 | 8.5 | 8:05 | 4:35 |
| 4 | 8.6 | 8:03 | 4:37 |
| 5 | 8.6 | 8:01 | 4:39 |
| 6 | 8.7 | 7:59 | 4:41 |
| 7 | 8.8 | 7:58 | 4:44 |
| 8 | 8.8 | 7:56 | 4:46 |
| 9 | 8.9 | 7:54 | 4:48 |
| 10 | 9.0 | 7:52 | 4:50 |
| 11 | 9.0 | 7:50 | 4:52 |
| 12 | 9.1 | 7:48 | 4:54 |
| 13 | 9.2 | 7:46 | 4:56 |
| 14 | 9.2 | 7:44 | 4:58 |
| 15 | 9.3 | 7:42 | 5:00 |
| 16 | 9.4 | 7:40 | 5:02 |
| 17 | 9.4 | 7:37 | 5:04 |
| 18 | 9.5 | 7:35 | 5:06 |
| 19 | 9.6 | 7:33 | 5:08 |
| 20 | 9.7 | 7:31 | 5:11 |
| 21 | 9.7 | 7:29 | 5:13 |
| 22 | 9.8 | 7:26 | 5:15 |
| 23 | 9.9 | 7:24 | 5:17 |
| 24 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:19 |
| 25 | 10.0 | 7:19 | 5:21 |
| 26 | 10.1 | 7:17 | 5:23 |
| 27 | 10.2 | 7:15 | 5:25 |
| 28 | 10.2 | 7:12 | 5:27 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 1.31 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.46 kWh/m² to a high of 4.96 kWh/m² in May across the year — February's 1.31 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 2 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.8 | Dim |
Is February a good time to visit Durham?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Durham.
What to pack for Durham in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Durham sees daytime highs around 7°C and nights near 2°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: a heavy coat and rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Durham in February
The nearest coast averages about 7°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 17 km away) is warmest in August at about 15°C and coldest in March near 6°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 9 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Bracing |
| Feb | 7 | Bracing |
| Mar | 6 | Bracing |
| Apr | 7 | Bracing |
| May | 9 | Bracing |
| Jun | 12 | Bracing |
| Jul | 14 | Bracing |
| Aug | 15 | Bracing |
| Sep | 13 | Bracing |
| Oct | 12 | Bracing |
| Nov | 10 | Bracing |
| Dec | 9 | Bracing |
UV index in Durham in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Durham peaks around August 10 at about 6 (high) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 2 | Moderate |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 5 | Moderate |
| Jun | 5 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Low |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Durham?
Durham sits at 54.8°N, 1.6°W, 52 m above sea level, in United Kingdom. The nearest listed city is Spennymoor, 9.0 km away.
Topography around Durham
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Durham.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Durham has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 112 m around an average of 77 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 323 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 906 m.
The land around Durham is covered by trees (37%), grassland (25%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, grassland (39%), cropland (25%) and trees (23%) within 16 km, and grassland (54%) and water (20%) within 80 km.
United Kingdom travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type D / G / M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 89% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $57,602
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.1
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 3.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Durham (54.7768°, -1.5757°, elevation 52 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).