Arvin weather in February
In February, Arvin sees average daytime highs of 58°F and overnight lows near 40°F, with 2.1 in of precipitation across 8.2 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 58°F through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Arvin's 12th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Arvin's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 58°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 40°
- 3rd coldest
- Precipitation
- 2.1 in
- 8.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 6:50 AM – 5:30 PM
- Cloud cover
- 52%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 3 mph
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.9 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.6
- out of 10
Arvin is city in Kern County, California, United States.
- Density
- 1,672/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1960
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 58°F through the month.
A typical February day in Arvin reaches about 58°F in the afternoon and slips back to 40°F overnight — a 19°F spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 49°F and 69°F. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°F warmer than January and about 4°F cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°F) | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
| Avg low (°F) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Avg high (°F) | Avg low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 58 | 39 |
| 2 | 58 | 39 |
| 3 | 58 | 39 |
| 4 | 58 | 39 |
| 5 | 58 | 39 |
| 6 | 58 | 39 |
| 7 | 58 | 40 |
| 8 | 58 | 40 |
| 9 | 58 | 40 |
| 10 | 58 | 40 |
| 11 | 58 | 40 |
| 12 | 58 | 40 |
| 13 | 58 | 40 |
| 14 | 58 | 40 |
| 15 | 58 | 40 |
| 16 | 58 | 40 |
| 17 | 58 | 40 |
| 18 | 58 | 40 |
| 19 | 58 | 40 |
| 20 | 58 | 40 |
| 21 | 58 | 40 |
| 22 | 58 | 40 |
| 23 | 58 | 40 |
| 24 | 58 | 40 |
| 25 | 59 | 40 |
| 26 | 59 | 41 |
| 27 | 59 | 41 |
| 28 | 59 | 41 |
Arvin weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°F) | Rainfall (inches) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 57° / 38° | 2.0 | 7.2 | 0.8 | 9.9 | 4.3 |
| Feb | 58° / 40° | 2.1 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 10.7 | 4.6 |
| Mar | 62° / 43° | 2.0 | 7.8 | 0.8 | 11.7 | 5.8 |
| Apr | 66° / 46° | 1.1 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 12.9 | 7.1 |
| May | 73° / 53° | 0.5 | 3 | 0 | 13.8 | 8.5 |
| Jun | 81° / 60° | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0 | 14.3 | 8.6 |
| Jul | 86° / 66° | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0 | 14.1 | 6.6 |
| Aug | 86° / 65° | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 13.3 | 6.8 |
| Sep | 81° / 59° | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 12.2 | 8.5 |
| Oct | 72° / 50° | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 11.1 | 8.7 |
| Nov | 62° / 42° | 1.1 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 10.1 | 6.4 |
| Dec | 56° / 38° | 2.0 | 6.7 | 0.8 | 9.7 | 4.2 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in February, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 48%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 52 |
| Cloudier (%) | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52 | 48 |
| 2 | 53 | 47 |
| 3 | 53 | 47 |
| 4 | 53 | 47 |
| 5 | 53 | 47 |
| 6 | 53 | 47 |
| 7 | 53 | 47 |
| 8 | 54 | 46 |
| 9 | 53 | 47 |
| 10 | 53 | 47 |
| 11 | 53 | 47 |
| 12 | 52 | 48 |
| 13 | 52 | 48 |
| 14 | 52 | 48 |
| 15 | 52 | 48 |
| 16 | 52 | 48 |
| 17 | 52 | 48 |
| 18 | 52 | 48 |
| 19 | 52 | 48 |
| 20 | 51 | 49 |
| 21 | 51 | 49 |
| 22 | 50 | 50 |
| 23 | 50 | 50 |
| 24 | 50 | 50 |
| 25 | 50 | 50 |
| 26 | 50 | 50 |
| 27 | 51 | 49 |
| 28 | 52 | 48 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Arvin gets around 2.1 in of rain and snow over 8.2 wet days in February, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 29% and peaks near 33% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 3 |
| 2 | 23 | 3 |
| 3 | 23 | 3 |
| 4 | 23 | 3 |
| 5 | 24 | 3 |
| 6 | 24 | 3 |
| 7 | 24 | 3 |
| 8 | 25 | 3 |
| 9 | 26 | 3 |
| 10 | 26 | 3 |
| 11 | 27 | 3 |
| 12 | 28 | 4 |
| 13 | 29 | 4 |
| 14 | 30 | 4 |
| 15 | 31 | 4 |
| 16 | 31 | 4 |
| 17 | 32 | 4 |
| 18 | 32 | 4 |
| 19 | 32 | 4 |
| 20 | 33 | 5 |
| 21 | 33 | 5 |
| 22 | 33 | 5 |
| 23 | 33 | 5 |
| 24 | 33 | 4 |
| 25 | 33 | 4 |
| 26 | 33 | 4 |
| 27 | 33 | 4 |
| 28 | 32 | 4 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 3 mph in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 3 mph on the calmest days to 3 mph at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (mph) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (mph) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:01 AM to 6:35 AM, and sunset from 5:16 PM to 5:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:57 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:35 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 7:01 | 5:16 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 7:01 | 5:17 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 7:00 | 5:18 |
| 4 | 10.3 | 6:59 | 5:19 |
| 5 | 10.4 | 6:58 | 5:20 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 6:58 | 5:21 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 6:57 | 5:22 |
| 8 | 10.5 | 6:56 | 5:23 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 6:55 | 5:24 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 6:54 | 5:25 |
| 11 | 10.5 | 6:53 | 5:26 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 6:52 | 5:27 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 6:51 | 5:28 |
| 14 | 10.6 | 6:51 | 5:29 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 6:50 | 5:30 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 6:48 | 5:31 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 6:47 | 5:32 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 6:46 | 5:33 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 6:45 | 5:34 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 6:44 | 5:35 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 6:43 | 5:36 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 6:42 | 5:37 |
| 23 | 11.0 | 6:41 | 5:38 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 6:40 | 5:39 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 6:38 | 5:40 |
| 26 | 11.1 | 6:37 | 5:41 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 6:36 | 5:42 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 6:35 | 5:43 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.9 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.83 kWh/m² to a high of 8.49 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 3.9 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 17 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 18 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.5 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Arvin?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Arvin for sightseeing.
What to pack for Arvin in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Arvin sees daytime highs around 58°F and nights near 40°F. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Arvin in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Arvin peaks around June 20 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 15 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Arvin in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Arvin is worst in August — around 35 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 6.1× the cleanest month (January, 6 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 19 | 35 | 17 | 12 | 6 | 16 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | Good |
| Feb | 7 | Good |
| Mar | 8 | Good |
| Apr | 8 | Good |
| May | 7 | Good |
| Jun | 12 | Good |
| Jul | 19 | Moderate |
| Aug | 35 | Moderate |
| Sep | 17 | Moderate |
| Oct | 12 | Good |
| Nov | 6 | Good |
| Dec | 16 | Moderate |
Where is Arvin?
Arvin sits at 35.2°N, 118.8°W, 449 ft above sea level, in United States. The nearest listed city is Lamont, 6.2 mi away.
Topography around Arvin
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 2, 10 and 50 miles of Arvin.
Within 2 miles, the terrain around Arvin has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 125 ft around an average of 440 ft above sea level; within 10 miles, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,217 ft; within 50 miles, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 8,579 ft.
The land around Arvin is covered by cropland (47%) within 2 miles, grassland (42%) and cropland (35%) within 10 miles, and grassland (53%) and trees (21%) within 50 miles.
United States travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 100% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $90,027
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Arvin (35.2091°, -118.8284°, elevation 449 ft), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).