Richland weather in February
In February, Richland sees average daytime highs of 48°F and overnight lows near 32°F, with 0.9 in of precipitation across 6.2 wet days and about 10 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 45°F in the first days to 51°F by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 24 min at the start of February to 10 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Richland's 8th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Richland's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 48°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 32°
- 3rd coldest
- Precipitation
- 0.9 in
- 6.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 hours
- 7:11 AM – 5:13 PM
- Cloud cover
- 62%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 6 mph
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.58 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.0
- out of 10
Richland is city in Benton County, Washington, United States.
- Density
- 495/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1905
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 45°F in the first days to 51°F by the end.
A typical February day in Richland reaches about 48°F in the afternoon and slips back to 32°F overnight — a 17°F spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 37°F and 58°F. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 7°F warmer than January and about 10°F cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°F) | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 |
| Avg low (°F) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Avg high (°F) | Avg low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 31 |
| 2 | 45 | 31 |
| 3 | 46 | 31 |
| 4 | 46 | 31 |
| 5 | 46 | 31 |
| 6 | 46 | 31 |
| 7 | 47 | 31 |
| 8 | 47 | 31 |
| 9 | 47 | 31 |
| 10 | 47 | 31 |
| 11 | 48 | 31 |
| 12 | 48 | 32 |
| 13 | 48 | 32 |
| 14 | 48 | 32 |
| 15 | 49 | 32 |
| 16 | 49 | 32 |
| 17 | 49 | 32 |
| 18 | 49 | 32 |
| 19 | 49 | 32 |
| 20 | 50 | 32 |
| 21 | 50 | 32 |
| 22 | 50 | 32 |
| 23 | 50 | 33 |
| 24 | 51 | 33 |
| 25 | 51 | 33 |
| 26 | 51 | 33 |
| 27 | 51 | 33 |
| 28 | 52 | 33 |
How February really feels in Richland
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 90°F and 28 that feel at or below 32°F — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Richland weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°F) | Rainfall (inches) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 41° / 29° | 1.3 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 8.8 | 0.2 |
| Feb | 48° / 32° | 0.9 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 10 | 2.0 |
| Mar | 58° / 38° | 0.9 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 11.6 | 4.6 |
| Apr | 68° / 44° | 0.7 | 4.9 | 0 | 13.3 | 6.9 |
| May | 77° / 52° | 0.7 | 4.5 | 0 | 14.7 | 7.6 |
| Jun | 84° / 58° | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0 | 15.5 | 6.6 |
| Jul | 93° / 64° | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 15.2 | 3.9 |
| Aug | 92° / 62° | 0.2 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 81° / 54° | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.7 |
| Oct | 66° / 44° | 0.9 | 5 | 0 | 10.7 | 6.7 |
| Nov | 50° / 35° | 1.1 | 7.3 | 0.7 | 9.2 | 2.4 |
| Dec | 41° / 29° | 1.4 | 8.4 | 2.4 | 8.5 | 0.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 58%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 37 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 63 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37 | 63 |
| 2 | 36 | 64 |
| 3 | 37 | 63 |
| 4 | 37 | 63 |
| 5 | 36 | 64 |
| 6 | 38 | 62 |
| 7 | 37 | 63 |
| 8 | 37 | 63 |
| 9 | 39 | 61 |
| 10 | 39 | 61 |
| 11 | 40 | 60 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 |
| 13 | 40 | 60 |
| 14 | 41 | 59 |
| 15 | 42 | 58 |
| 16 | 43 | 57 |
| 17 | 43 | 57 |
| 18 | 44 | 56 |
| 19 | 45 | 55 |
| 20 | 46 | 54 |
| 21 | 45 | 55 |
| 22 | 46 | 54 |
| 23 | 46 | 54 |
| 24 | 46 | 54 |
| 25 | 46 | 54 |
| 26 | 46 | 54 |
| 27 | 46 | 54 |
| 28 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Richland gets around 0.9 in of rain and snow over 6.2 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 22% and peaks near 23% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 |
| Snow chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 5 |
| 2 | 23 | 5 |
| 3 | 22 | 5 |
| 4 | 22 | 6 |
| 5 | 22 | 6 |
| 6 | 22 | 6 |
| 7 | 23 | 6 |
| 8 | 23 | 6 |
| 9 | 23 | 6 |
| 10 | 23 | 6 |
| 11 | 23 | 6 |
| 12 | 23 | 5 |
| 13 | 23 | 5 |
| 14 | 23 | 5 |
| 15 | 23 | 5 |
| 16 | 23 | 5 |
| 17 | 23 | 4 |
| 18 | 23 | 4 |
| 19 | 23 | 4 |
| 20 | 22 | 4 |
| 21 | 22 | 4 |
| 22 | 22 | 3 |
| 23 | 22 | 3 |
| 24 | 21 | 3 |
| 25 | 21 | 3 |
| 26 | 20 | 3 |
| 27 | 20 | 3 |
| 28 | 19 | 3 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 mph in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 mph on the calmest days to 6 mph at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (mph) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (mph) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 24 min at the start of February to 10 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 78 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:29 AM to 6:49 AM, and sunset from 4:52 PM to 5:32 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:53 | 6:51 | 6:49 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:52 | 4:53 | 4:55 | 4:56 | 4:58 | 4:59 | 5:01 | 5:02 | 5:04 | 5:05 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:10 | 5:11 | 5:13 | 5:14 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:32 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.4 | 7:29 | 4:52 |
| 2 | 9.4 | 7:28 | 4:53 |
| 3 | 9.5 | 7:27 | 4:55 |
| 4 | 9.5 | 7:26 | 4:56 |
| 5 | 9.6 | 7:25 | 4:58 |
| 6 | 9.6 | 7:23 | 4:59 |
| 7 | 9.6 | 7:22 | 5:01 |
| 8 | 9.7 | 7:21 | 5:02 |
| 9 | 9.7 | 7:19 | 5:04 |
| 10 | 9.8 | 7:18 | 5:05 |
| 11 | 9.8 | 7:17 | 5:07 |
| 12 | 9.9 | 7:15 | 5:08 |
| 13 | 9.9 | 7:14 | 5:10 |
| 14 | 10.0 | 7:12 | 5:11 |
| 15 | 10.0 | 7:11 | 5:13 |
| 16 | 10.1 | 7:09 | 5:14 |
| 17 | 10.1 | 7:08 | 5:16 |
| 18 | 10.2 | 7:06 | 5:17 |
| 19 | 10.2 | 7:05 | 5:19 |
| 20 | 10.3 | 7:03 | 5:20 |
| 21 | 10.3 | 7:01 | 5:22 |
| 22 | 10.4 | 7:00 | 5:23 |
| 23 | 10.4 | 6:58 | 5:25 |
| 24 | 10.5 | 6:56 | 5:26 |
| 25 | 10.5 | 6:55 | 5:27 |
| 26 | 10.6 | 6:53 | 5:29 |
| 27 | 10.7 | 6:51 | 5:30 |
| 28 | 10.7 | 6:49 | 5:32 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 2.58 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.26 kWh/m² to a high of 7.85 kWh/m² in July across the year — February's 2.58 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 2 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.2 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Richland?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Richland.
What to pack for Richland in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Richland sees daytime highs around 48°F and nights near 32°F. Pack a warm layer. About 6 days see rain.
UV index in Richland in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Richland peaks around July 16 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 17 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | High | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Richland in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Richland is worst in August — around 27 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.1× the cleanest month (December, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 10 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 27 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 9 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Good |
| Feb | 11 | Good |
| Mar | 14 | Moderate |
| Apr | 11 | Good |
| May | 9 | Good |
| Jun | 10 | Good |
| Jul | 13 | Moderate |
| Aug | 27 | Moderate |
| Sep | 21 | Moderate |
| Oct | 12 | Moderate |
| Nov | 11 | Good |
| Dec | 9 | Good |
Where is Richland?
Richland sits at 46.3°N, 119.3°W, 384 ft above sea level, in United States. The nearest listed city is Tri-Cities, 5.0 mi away.
Topography around Richland
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 2, 10 and 50 miles of Richland.
Within 2 miles, the terrain around Richland has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 223 ft around an average of 374 ft above sea level; within 10 miles, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,450 ft; within 50 miles, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,894 ft.
The land around Richland is covered by artificial surfaces (39%), grassland (22%) and trees (20%) within 2 miles, grassland (45%) and cropland (25%) within 10 miles, and grassland (52%) and cropland (40%) within 50 miles.
United States travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 100% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $90,027
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Richland (46.2857°, -119.2845°, elevation 384 ft), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).