Cumaná weather in September

In September, Cumaná sees average daytime highs of 28°C and overnight lows near 26°C, with 71 mm of rain across 18.9 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in September, and the air most often feels oppressive.

Daylight stretches from about 12 h 12 min at the start of September to 11 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Cumaná's 10th-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Cumaná's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 28°; 1st warmest
Overnight low: 26°; 12th coldest
Rainfall: 71 mm; 18.9 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 06 min; 5:39 AM – 5:43 PM
Cloud cover: 66%; 10th clearest
Wind: 12 km/h; 12th windiest
Solar energy: 6.05 kWh/m²
Travel score: 5.0; out of 10

Cumaná is capital city of Sucre, Venezuela.

Density: 678/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1502

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← August Cumaná year-round climate October →Best places to visit in September

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in September

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month.

A typical September day in Cumaná reaches about 28°C in the afternoon and slips back to 26°C overnight — a 2°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs on par with August and on par with October.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Avg high (°C)	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Avg low (°C)	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	28	26
2	28	26
3	28	26
4	28	26
5	28	26
6	28	26
7	28	26
8	28	26
9	28	26
10	28	26
11	28	26
12	28	26
13	28	26
14	28	26
15	28	26
16	28	26
17	28	26
18	28	26
19	28	26
20	28	26
21	28	26
22	28	26
23	28	26
24	28	26
25	28	26
26	28	26
27	28	26
28	28	26
29	28	26
30	28	26

Cumaná weather by month

How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 1st-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	26° / 23°	7	1.8	11.5	8.3
Feb	26° / 23°	3	0.9	11.7	8.5
Mar	26° / 24°	14	2	11.9	8.1
Apr	27° / 24°	16	3.8	12.2	7.4
May	27° / 25°	29	6.6	12.5	6.8
Jun	27° / 25°	38	9.6	12.6	6.3
Jul	27° / 25°	62	15.4	12.6	5.7
Aug	27° / 25°	90	20.6	12.3	4.9
Sep	28° / 26°	71	18.9	12.1	5.0
Oct	28° / 26°	59	17.6	11.8	5.2
Nov	27° / 25°	49	13.7	11.5	5.8
Dec	27° / 24°	18	5.8	11.4	7.4

Cloud cover in September

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in September.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 18% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 60%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Clearer (%)	47	47	47	47	45	44	44	42	42	41	41	40	38	38	37	38	37	37	38	37	38	38	37	37	37	38	38	38	38	38
Cloudier (%)	53	53	53	53	55	56	56	58	58	59	59	60	62	62	63	62	63	63	62	63	62	62	63	63	63	62	62	62	62	62

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	45	55
6	44	56
7	44	56
8	42	58
9	42	58
10	41	59
11	41	59
12	40	60
13	38	62
14	38	62
15	37	63
16	38	62
17	37	63
18	37	63
19	38	62
20	37	63
21	38	62
22	38	62
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	38	62
29	38	62
30	38	62

Chance of precipitation in September

Any precipitation

Cumaná gets around 71 mm of rain over 18.9 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 62% and peaks near 65% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Rain chance (%)	61	61	61	61	62	62	63	63	64	64	65	65	65	65	65	65	65	64	64	63	63	62	61	61	60	60	59	59	59	59

	Rain chance (%)
1	61
2	61
3	61
4	61
5	62
6	62
7	63
8	63
9	64
10	64
11	65
12	65
13	65
14	65
15	65
16	65
17	65
18	64
19	64
20	63
21	63
22	62
23	61
24	61
25	60
26	60
27	59
28	59
29	59
30	59

Humidity in September

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of September feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, September lands in the oppressive band about 89% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Oppressive (%)	91	91	91	91	90	90	90	90	89	89	89	88	88	88	88	88	88	88	88	88	89	89	89	89	89	89	90	90	90	90
Miserable (%)	9	9	9	9	10	10	10	10	11	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	91	9
2	91	9
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	90	10
6	90	10
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	88	12
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	88	12
20	88	12
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	89	11
24	89	11
25	89	11
26	89	11
27	90	10
28	90	10
29	90	10
30	90	10

Wind in September

Winds average 12 km/h in September, the calmest month.

Across September, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Wind speed (km/h)	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	13
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	12	light breeze
2	12	light breeze
3	12	light breeze
4	12	light breeze
5	12	light breeze
6	12	light breeze
7	12	light breeze
8	12	light breeze
9	12	light breeze
10	12	light breeze
11	12	light breeze
12	12	light breeze
13	12	light breeze
14	12	light breeze
15	12	light breeze
16	12	light breeze
17	12	light breeze
18	12	light breeze
19	12	light breeze
20	12	light breeze
21	12	light breeze
22	12	light breeze
23	12	light breeze
24	13	light breeze
25	13	light breeze
26	13	light breeze
27	13	light breeze
28	13	light breeze
29	13	light breeze
30	13	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in September

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 12 h 12 min at the start of September to 11 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 18 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:40 AM to 5:38 AM, and sunset from 5:53 PM to 5:34 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Daylight (h)	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
Sunrise (AM)	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:39	5:38
Sunset (PM)	5:53	5:52	5:51	5:51	5:50	5:49	5:49	5:48	5:47	5:47	5:46	5:45	5:45	5:44	5:43	5:43	5:42	5:41	5:41	5:40	5:39	5:39	5:38	5:37	5:37	5:36	5:35	5:35	5:34	5:34

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	12.2	5:40	5:53
2	12.2	5:40	5:52
3	12.2	5:40	5:51
4	12.2	5:40	5:51
5	12.2	5:40	5:50
6	12.2	5:40	5:49
7	12.1	5:40	5:49
8	12.1	5:40	5:48
9	12.1	5:40	5:47
10	12.1	5:40	5:47
11	12.1	5:40	5:46
12	12.1	5:40	5:45
13	12.1	5:40	5:45
14	12.1	5:39	5:44
15	12.1	5:39	5:43
16	12.1	5:39	5:43
17	12.0	5:39	5:42
18	12.0	5:39	5:41
19	12.0	5:39	5:41
20	12.0	5:39	5:40
21	12.0	5:39	5:39
22	12.0	5:39	5:39
23	12.0	5:39	5:38
24	12.0	5:39	5:37
25	12.0	5:39	5:37
26	12.0	5:39	5:36
27	11.9	5:39	5:35
28	11.9	5:39	5:35
29	11.9	5:39	5:34
30	11.9	5:38	5:34

Solar energy in September

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.05 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.11 kWh/m² to a high of 6.48 kWh/m² in March across the year — September's 6.05 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
Level	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.1	Intense
2	6.1	Intense
3	6.1	Intense
4	6.1	Intense
5	6.1	Intense
6	6.1	Intense
7	6.1	Intense
8	6.1	Intense
9	6.1	Intense
10	6.0	Intense
11	6.0	Intense
12	6.0	Intense
13	6.0	Intense
14	6.0	Intense
15	6.0	Intense
16	6.0	Intense
17	6.0	Intense
18	6.0	Intense
19	6.0	Intense
20	6.0	Intense
21	6.0	Intense
22	6.0	Intense
23	6.0	Intense
24	6.0	Intense
25	6.0	Bright
26	6.0	Bright
27	6.0	Bright
28	6.0	Bright
29	6.0	Bright
30	6.0	Bright

Planning a trip in September

Is September a good time to visit Cumaná?

Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

5.0

Sightseeing

11th-best month of the year

5.3

Beach & pool

11th-best month of the year

September is a reasonable time to visit Cumaná for sightseeing.

What to pack for Cumaná in September

From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In September, Cumaná sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 26°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 19 days see rain.

light clothesrain gearsun protection

Sea temperature near Cumaná in September

The nearest coast averages about 28°C in September — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea at the nearest coast (about 19 km away) is warmest in September at about 28°C and coldest in February near 24°C.

The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	25	24	24	25	25	26	26	27	28	28	27	26
Comfort	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Warm	Tropical	Warm	Warm	Warm

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	25	Warm
Feb	24	Warm
Mar	24	Warm
Apr	25	Warm
May	25	Warm
Jun	26	Warm
Jul	26	Warm
Aug	27	Warm
Sep	28	Tropical
Oct	28	Warm
Nov	27	Warm
Dec	26	Warm

UV index in Cumaná in September

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Cumaná peaks around March 23 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 12 at about 9 (very high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	11	13	15	14	13	11	11	12	13	12	10	9
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Very high

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	11	Extreme
Feb	13	Extreme
Mar	15	Extreme
Apr	14	Extreme
May	13	Extreme
Jun	11	Extreme
Jul	11	Extreme
Aug	12	Extreme
Sep	13	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	10	Very high
Dec	9	Very high

Air quality in Cumaná in September

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Cumaná is worst in September — around 47 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 3.3× the cleanest month (January, 14 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	14	18	23	32	36	37	43	38	47	37	30	18
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderate	Moderate

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	14	Moderate
Feb	18	Moderate
Mar	23	Moderate
Apr	32	Moderate
May	36	Poor
Jun	37	Poor
Jul	43	Poor
Aug	38	Poor
Sep	47	Poor
Oct	37	Poor
Nov	30	Moderate
Dec	18	Moderate

Location & terrain

Where is Cumaná?

Cumaná sits at 10.5°N, 64.2°W, 19 m above sea level, in Venezuela. The nearest listed city is Araya, 15 km away.

Topography around Cumaná

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Cumaná.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Cumaná has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 113 m around an average of 8 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 574 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,572 m.

The land around Cumaná is covered by artificial surfaces (48%) and water (39%) within 3 km, water (48%) and shrubs (27%) within 16 km, and water (46%) and trees (35%) within 80 km.

3 km

113 m

artificial surfaces 48%

16 km

574 m

water 48%

80 km

2,572 m

water 46%

treesshrubsgrasslandartificial surfacesbare terrainwaterwetland

← August Cumaná year-round climate October →Best places to visit in September

September weather nearby: Araya 15 km · Cumanacoa 37 km · Punta de Piedras 49 km · Puerto La Cruz 57 km · La Guardia 62 km · Lecherías 64 km · Porlamar 64 km · San Juan Bautista 66 km

Venezuela travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 3; Reconsider Travel
Power plugs: Type A / B; 120 V · 60 Hz
Prices: ≈ 0% of US; price level, 2011
GDP per capita: $3,495; 2025
Happiness: 5.8 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Homicide rate: 12.6; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 39; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Lower middle; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 520
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Cumaná (10.4639°, -64.1786°, elevation 19 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	28	26
2	28	26
3	28	26
4	28	26
5	28	26
6	28	26
7	28	26
8	28	26
9	28	26
10	28	26
11	28	26
12	28	26
13	28	26
14	28	26
15	28	26
16	28	26
17	28	26
18	28	26
19	28	26
20	28	26
21	28	26
22	28	26
23	28	26
24	28	26
25	28	26
26	28	26
27	28	26
28	28	26
29	28	26
30	28	26

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	45	55
6	44	56
7	44	56
8	42	58
9	42	58
10	41	59
11	41	59
12	40	60
13	38	62
14	38	62
15	37	63
16	38	62
17	37	63
18	37	63
19	38	62
20	37	63
21	38	62
22	38	62
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	38	62
29	38	62
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	61
2	61
3	61
4	61
5	62
6	62
7	63
8	63
9	64
10	64
11	65
12	65
13	65
14	65
15	65
16	65
17	65
18	64
19	64
20	63
21	63
22	62
23	61
24	61
25	60
26	60
27	59
28	59
29	59
30	59

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	91	9
2	91	9
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	90	10
6	90	10
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	88	12
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	88	12
20	88	12
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	89	11
24	89	11
25	89	11
26	89	11
27	90	10
28	90	10
29	90	10
30	90	10

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	28	26
2	28	26
3	28	26
4	28	26
5	28	26
6	28	26
7	28	26
8	28	26
9	28	26
10	28	26
11	28	26
12	28	26
13	28	26
14	28	26
15	28	26
16	28	26
17	28	26
18	28	26
19	28	26
20	28	26
21	28	26
22	28	26
23	28	26
24	28	26
25	28	26
26	28	26
27	28	26
28	28	26
29	28	26
30	28	26

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	45	55
6	44	56
7	44	56
8	42	58
9	42	58
10	41	59
11	41	59
12	40	60
13	38	62
14	38	62
15	37	63
16	38	62
17	37	63
18	37	63
19	38	62
20	37	63
21	38	62
22	38	62
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	38	62
29	38	62
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	61
2	61
3	61
4	61
5	62
6	62
7	63
8	63
9	64
10	64
11	65
12	65
13	65
14	65
15	65
16	65
17	65
18	64
19	64
20	63
21	63
22	62
23	61
24	61
25	60
26	60
27	59
28	59
29	59
30	59

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	91	9
2	91	9
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	90	10
6	90	10
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	88	12
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	88	12
20	88	12
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	89	11
24	89	11
25	89	11
26	89	11
27	90	10
28	90	10
29	90	10
30	90	10

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	28	26
2	28	26
3	28	26
4	28	26
5	28	26
6	28	26
7	28	26
8	28	26
9	28	26
10	28	26
11	28	26
12	28	26
13	28	26
14	28	26
15	28	26
16	28	26
17	28	26
18	28	26
19	28	26
20	28	26
21	28	26
22	28	26
23	28	26
24	28	26
25	28	26
26	28	26
27	28	26
28	28	26
29	28	26
30	28	26

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	45	55
6	44	56
7	44	56
8	42	58
9	42	58
10	41	59
11	41	59
12	40	60
13	38	62
14	38	62
15	37	63
16	38	62
17	37	63
18	37	63
19	38	62
20	37	63
21	38	62
22	38	62
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	38	62
29	38	62
30	38	62

	Rain chance (%)
1	61
2	61
3	61
4	61
5	62
6	62
7	63
8	63
9	64
10	64
11	65
12	65
13	65
14	65
15	65
16	65
17	65
18	64
19	64
20	63
21	63
22	62
23	61
24	61
25	60
26	60
27	59
28	59
29	59
30	59

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	91	9
2	91	9
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	90	10
6	90	10
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	88	12
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	88	12
20	88	12
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	89	11
24	89	11
25	89	11
26	89	11
27	90	10
28	90	10
29	90	10
30	90	10