Temblador weather in November

In November, Temblador sees average daytime highs of 32°C and overnight lows near 24°C, with 104 mm of rain across 20.5 wet days and about 11.6 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in November, and the air most often feels oppressive.

Daylight stretches from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Temblador's 7th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Temblador's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 32°; 6th warmest
Overnight low: 24°; 8th coldest
Rainfall: 104 mm; 20.5 wet days
Daylight: 11 h 36 min; 5:38 AM – 5:13 PM
Cloud cover: 69%; 7th clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 8th windiest
Solar energy: 4.67 kWh/m²
Travel score: 2.8; out of 10

Temblador is city in Monagas, Venezuela.

Density: 588/km²; people per km²

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← October Temblador year-round climate December →Best places to visit in November

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in November

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month.

A typical November day in Temblador reaches about 32°C in the afternoon and slips back to 24°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 30°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 2°C cooler than October and about 1°C warmer than December.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Avg high (°C)	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32
Avg low (°C)	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	23	23	23	23

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	32	24
15	32	24
16	32	24
17	32	24
18	32	24
19	32	24
20	32	24
21	32	24
22	32	24
23	32	24
24	32	24
25	32	24
26	32	24
27	32	23
28	32	23
29	32	23
30	32	23

How November really feels in Temblador

Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

The story in November is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.

Temblador weather by month

How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	31° / 22°	41	12.5	11.5	4.1
Feb	32° / 23°	27	7.5	11.7	4.0
Mar	33° / 23°	22	5.8	11.9	3.5
Apr	34° / 24°	35	7	12.2	2.9
May	34° / 24°	93	15.1	12.4	2.7
Jun	32° / 24°	149	23.8	12.5	2.7
Jul	31° / 23°	148	26.5	12.5	2.7
Aug	32° / 23°	142	24.3	12.3	2.6
Sep	33° / 24°	103	18.5	12.1	2.6
Oct	34° / 24°	91	17.7	11.8	2.5
Nov	32° / 24°	104	20.5	11.6	2.8
Dec	31° / 23°	78	17.5	11.5	3.6

Cloud cover in November

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in November.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 65%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Clearer (%)	34	34	34	34	34	34	33	33	33	33	33	33	34	33	33	34	34	35	35	35	36	36	37	37	37	38	38	39	39	39
Cloudier (%)	66	66	66	66	66	66	67	67	67	67	67	67	66	67	67	66	66	65	65	65	64	64	63	63	63	62	62	61	61	61

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	34	66
2	34	66
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	33	67
11	33	67
12	33	67
13	34	66
14	33	67
15	33	67
16	34	66
17	34	66
18	35	65
19	35	65
20	35	65
21	36	64
22	36	64
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	39	61
29	39	61
30	39	61

Chance of precipitation in November

Any precipitation

Temblador gets around 104 mm of rain over 20.5 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 67% and peaks near 70% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Rain chance (%)	63	64	64	64	65	65	65	65	66	66	66	66	67	67	68	68	69	69	70	70	70	70	70	70	69	69	69	68	68	68

	Rain chance (%)
1	63
2	64
3	64
4	64
5	65
6	65
7	65
8	65
9	66
10	66
11	66
12	66
13	67
14	67
15	68
16	68
17	69
18	69
19	70
20	70
21	70
22	70
23	70
24	70
25	69
26	69
27	69
28	68
29	68
30	68

Humidity in November

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of November feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, November lands in the oppressive band about 84% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Muggy (%)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
Oppressive (%)	82	82	82	83	83	83	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	83	83	84	84	85	85	86	86	86	87	88	88	88	88
Miserable (%)	17	17	17	16	16	16	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	16	16	15	15	14	14	13	12	12	11	10	10	9	9

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	82	17
2	1	82	17
3	1	82	17
4	1	83	16
5	1	83	16
6	1	83	16
7	1	82	17
8	1	82	17
9	1	82	17
10	1	82	17
11	1	82	17
12	1	82	17
13	1	82	17
14	1	82	17
15	1	82	17
16	1	82	17
17	1	83	16
18	1	83	16
19	1	84	15
20	1	84	15
21	1	85	14
22	1	85	14
23	1	86	13
24	2	86	12
25	2	86	12
26	2	87	11
27	2	88	10
28	2	88	10
29	3	88	9
30	3	88	9

Wind in November

Winds average 9 km/h in November.

Across November, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Wind speed (km/h)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	10
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	9	calm
2	9	calm
3	9	calm
4	9	calm
5	9	calm
6	9	calm
7	9	calm
8	9	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	9	calm
14	9	calm
15	9	calm
16	9	calm
17	9	calm
18	9	calm
19	9	calm
20	9	calm
21	9	calm
22	9	calm
23	9	calm
24	9	calm
25	9	calm
26	9	calm
27	9	calm
28	9	calm
29	10	calm
30	10	calm

Sunrise & sunset in November

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 12 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:34 AM to 5:44 AM, and sunset from 5:14 PM to 5:15 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Daylight (h)	11.7	11.7	11.7	11.7	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
Sunrise (AM)	5:34	5:34	5:34	5:35	5:35	5:35	5:35	5:36	5:36	5:36	5:37	5:37	5:37	5:38	5:38	5:38	5:39	5:39	5:40	5:40	5:40	5:41	5:41	5:42	5:42	5:43	5:43	5:44	5:44	5:44
Sunset (PM)	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:13	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:14	5:15	5:15	5:15	5:15	5:15

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	11.7	5:34	5:14
2	11.7	5:34	5:14
3	11.7	5:34	5:14
4	11.7	5:35	5:14
5	11.6	5:35	5:14
6	11.6	5:35	5:14
7	11.6	5:35	5:14
8	11.6	5:36	5:13
9	11.6	5:36	5:13
10	11.6	5:36	5:13
11	11.6	5:37	5:13
12	11.6	5:37	5:13
13	11.6	5:37	5:13
14	11.6	5:38	5:13
15	11.6	5:38	5:13
16	11.6	5:38	5:13
17	11.6	5:39	5:13
18	11.6	5:39	5:13
19	11.6	5:40	5:13
20	11.6	5:40	5:14
21	11.6	5:40	5:14
22	11.5	5:41	5:14
23	11.5	5:41	5:14
24	11.5	5:42	5:14
25	11.5	5:42	5:14
26	11.5	5:43	5:15
27	11.5	5:43	5:15
28	11.5	5:44	5:15
29	11.5	5:44	5:15
30	11.5	5:44	5:15

Solar energy in November

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 4.67 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.37 kWh/m² to a high of 5.72 kWh/m² in September across the year — November's 4.67 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.4
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.0	Bright
2	5.0	Bright
3	5.0	Bright
4	4.9	Bright
5	4.9	Bright
6	4.9	Bright
7	4.9	Bright
8	4.8	Bright
9	4.8	Bright
10	4.8	Bright
11	4.8	Bright
12	4.8	Bright
13	4.7	Bright
14	4.7	Bright
15	4.7	Bright
16	4.7	Bright
17	4.6	Bright
18	4.6	Bright
19	4.6	Bright
20	4.6	Bright
21	4.6	Bright
22	4.5	Bright
23	4.5	Bright
24	4.5	Bright
25	4.5	Bright
26	4.5	Bright
27	4.5	Bright
28	4.4	Bright
29	4.4	Bright
30	4.4	Bright

Planning a trip in November

Hazard calendar for Temblador

In seasonPeak

In November, Temblador sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.

Temblador's rainy season runs May–December, when most of the year's rain falls.

Rainy season

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is November a good time to visit Temblador?

Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

2.8

Sightseeing

6th-best month of the year

4.7

Beach & pool

9th-best month of the year

November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Temblador.

What to pack for Temblador in November

From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In November, Temblador sees daytime highs around 32°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 21 days see rain.

light clothesrain gearsun protection

UV index in Temblador in November

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Temblador peaks around March 19 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 12 at about 10 (very high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	12	13	14	14	13	11	12	12	13	12	10	10
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	12	Extreme
Feb	13	Extreme
Mar	14	Extreme
Apr	14	Extreme
May	13	Extreme
Jun	11	Extreme
Jul	12	Extreme
Aug	12	Extreme
Sep	13	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	10	Extreme
Dec	10	Very high

Air quality in Temblador in November

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Temblador is worst in April — around 32 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.4× the cleanest month (November, 13 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	14	21	27	32	27	28	22	17	14	15	13	13
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	14	Moderate
Feb	21	Moderate
Mar	27	Moderate
Apr	32	Moderate
May	27	Moderate
Jun	28	Moderate
Jul	22	Moderate
Aug	17	Moderate
Sep	14	Moderate
Oct	15	Moderate
Nov	13	Moderate
Dec	13	Moderate

Location & terrain

Where is Temblador?

Temblador sits at 9.0°N, 62.6°W, 36 m above sea level, in Venezuela. The nearest listed city is Barrancas, 60 km away.

Topography around Temblador

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Temblador.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Temblador has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 19 m around an average of 28 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 61 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 517 m.

The land around Temblador is covered by grassland (62%) within 3 km, grassland (84%) within 16 km, and grassland (46%) and trees (33%) within 80 km.

3 km

19 m

grassland 62%

16 km

61 m

grassland 84%

80 km

517 m

grassland 46%

treesgrasslandartificial surfaceswaterwetland

← October Temblador year-round climate December →Best places to visit in November

November weather nearby: Barrancas 60 km · Tucupita 65 km · Ciudad Guayana 73 km · Maturín 101 km · Upata 113 km · Punta de Mata 130 km · Caripito 133 km · Soledad 138 km

Venezuela travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 3; Reconsider Travel
Power plugs: Type A / B; 120 V · 60 Hz
Prices: ≈ 0% of US; price level, 2011
GDP per capita: $3,495; 2025
Happiness: 5.8 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Homicide rate: 12.6; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 39; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Lower middle; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 520
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Temblador (9.0053°, -62.6449°, elevation 36 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	32	24
15	32	24
16	32	24
17	32	24
18	32	24
19	32	24
20	32	24
21	32	24
22	32	24
23	32	24
24	32	24
25	32	24
26	32	24
27	32	23
28	32	23
29	32	23
30	32	23

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	34	66
2	34	66
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	33	67
11	33	67
12	33	67
13	34	66
14	33	67
15	33	67
16	34	66
17	34	66
18	35	65
19	35	65
20	35	65
21	36	64
22	36	64
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	39	61
29	39	61
30	39	61

	Rain chance (%)
1	63
2	64
3	64
4	64
5	65
6	65
7	65
8	65
9	66
10	66
11	66
12	66
13	67
14	67
15	68
16	68
17	69
18	69
19	70
20	70
21	70
22	70
23	70
24	70
25	69
26	69
27	69
28	68
29	68
30	68

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	82	17
2	1	82	17
3	1	82	17
4	1	83	16
5	1	83	16
6	1	83	16
7	1	82	17
8	1	82	17
9	1	82	17
10	1	82	17
11	1	82	17
12	1	82	17
13	1	82	17
14	1	82	17
15	1	82	17
16	1	82	17
17	1	83	16
18	1	83	16
19	1	84	15
20	1	84	15
21	1	85	14
22	1	85	14
23	1	86	13
24	2	86	12
25	2	86	12
26	2	87	11
27	2	88	10
28	2	88	10
29	3	88	9
30	3	88	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	32	24
15	32	24
16	32	24
17	32	24
18	32	24
19	32	24
20	32	24
21	32	24
22	32	24
23	32	24
24	32	24
25	32	24
26	32	24
27	32	23
28	32	23
29	32	23
30	32	23

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	34	66
2	34	66
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	33	67
11	33	67
12	33	67
13	34	66
14	33	67
15	33	67
16	34	66
17	34	66
18	35	65
19	35	65
20	35	65
21	36	64
22	36	64
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	39	61
29	39	61
30	39	61

	Rain chance (%)
1	63
2	64
3	64
4	64
5	65
6	65
7	65
8	65
9	66
10	66
11	66
12	66
13	67
14	67
15	68
16	68
17	69
18	69
19	70
20	70
21	70
22	70
23	70
24	70
25	69
26	69
27	69
28	68
29	68
30	68

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	82	17
2	1	82	17
3	1	82	17
4	1	83	16
5	1	83	16
6	1	83	16
7	1	82	17
8	1	82	17
9	1	82	17
10	1	82	17
11	1	82	17
12	1	82	17
13	1	82	17
14	1	82	17
15	1	82	17
16	1	82	17
17	1	83	16
18	1	83	16
19	1	84	15
20	1	84	15
21	1	85	14
22	1	85	14
23	1	86	13
24	2	86	12
25	2	86	12
26	2	87	11
27	2	88	10
28	2	88	10
29	3	88	9
30	3	88	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	32	24
15	32	24
16	32	24
17	32	24
18	32	24
19	32	24
20	32	24
21	32	24
22	32	24
23	32	24
24	32	24
25	32	24
26	32	24
27	32	23
28	32	23
29	32	23
30	32	23

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	34	66
2	34	66
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	34	66
6	34	66
7	33	67
8	33	67
9	33	67
10	33	67
11	33	67
12	33	67
13	34	66
14	33	67
15	33	67
16	34	66
17	34	66
18	35	65
19	35	65
20	35	65
21	36	64
22	36	64
23	37	63
24	37	63
25	37	63
26	38	62
27	38	62
28	39	61
29	39	61
30	39	61

	Rain chance (%)
1	63
2	64
3	64
4	64
5	65
6	65
7	65
8	65
9	66
10	66
11	66
12	66
13	67
14	67
15	68
16	68
17	69
18	69
19	70
20	70
21	70
22	70
23	70
24	70
25	69
26	69
27	69
28	68
29	68
30	68

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	82	17
2	1	82	17
3	1	82	17
4	1	83	16
5	1	83	16
6	1	83	16
7	1	82	17
8	1	82	17
9	1	82	17
10	1	82	17
11	1	82	17
12	1	82	17
13	1	82	17
14	1	82	17
15	1	82	17
16	1	82	17
17	1	83	16
18	1	83	16
19	1	84	15
20	1	84	15
21	1	85	14
22	1	85	14
23	1	86	13
24	2	86	12
25	2	86	12
26	2	87	11
27	2	88	10
28	2	88	10
29	3	88	9
30	3	88	9