Chunga weather in February
In February, Chunga sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 19°C, with 169 mm of rain across 21.1 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Chunga's 10th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Chunga's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 19°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 169 mm
- 21.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 6:06 AM – 6:37 PM
- Cloud cover
- 77%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.44 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.4
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical February day in Chunga reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 19°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 19 |
| 2 | 26 | 19 |
| 3 | 26 | 19 |
| 4 | 26 | 19 |
| 5 | 26 | 19 |
| 6 | 26 | 19 |
| 7 | 27 | 19 |
| 8 | 27 | 19 |
| 9 | 27 | 19 |
| 10 | 27 | 19 |
| 11 | 27 | 19 |
| 12 | 27 | 19 |
| 13 | 27 | 19 |
| 14 | 27 | 19 |
| 15 | 27 | 19 |
| 16 | 27 | 19 |
| 17 | 27 | 19 |
| 18 | 27 | 19 |
| 19 | 27 | 19 |
| 20 | 27 | 19 |
| 21 | 27 | 19 |
| 22 | 27 | 18 |
| 23 | 27 | 18 |
| 24 | 27 | 18 |
| 25 | 27 | 18 |
| 26 | 27 | 18 |
| 27 | 27 | 18 |
| 28 | 27 | 18 |
Chunga weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 6th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 19° | 222 | 24.8 | 12.8 | 4.1 |
| Feb | 27° / 19° | 169 | 21.1 | 12.5 | 4.4 |
| Mar | 27° / 18° | 106 | 16.9 | 12.1 | 5.5 |
| Apr | 26° / 16° | 22 | 5 | 11.7 | 7.6 |
| May | 25° / 13° | 3 | 0.8 | 11.3 | 8.8 |
| Jun | 23° / 11° | 1 | 0.1 | 11.1 | 9.2 |
| Jul | 23° / 11° | 1 | 0.1 | 11.2 | 9.1 |
| Aug | 26° / 13° | 0 | 0 | 11.5 | 9.1 |
| Sep | 29° / 17° | 2 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 7.2 |
| Oct | 31° / 20° | 11 | 2.4 | 12.3 | 5.4 |
| Nov | 30° / 20° | 82 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 27° / 19° | 192 | 23 | 12.9 | 4.3 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 76%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Cloudier (%) | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 79 |
| 2 | 21 | 79 |
| 3 | 21 | 79 |
| 4 | 22 | 78 |
| 5 | 23 | 77 |
| 6 | 23 | 77 |
| 7 | 24 | 76 |
| 8 | 24 | 76 |
| 9 | 24 | 76 |
| 10 | 24 | 76 |
| 11 | 24 | 76 |
| 12 | 25 | 75 |
| 13 | 25 | 75 |
| 14 | 25 | 75 |
| 15 | 25 | 75 |
| 16 | 24 | 76 |
| 17 | 24 | 76 |
| 18 | 24 | 76 |
| 19 | 24 | 76 |
| 20 | 24 | 76 |
| 21 | 24 | 76 |
| 22 | 25 | 75 |
| 23 | 25 | 75 |
| 24 | 25 | 75 |
| 25 | 25 | 75 |
| 26 | 26 | 74 |
| 27 | 26 | 74 |
| 28 | 26 | 74 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Chunga gets around 169 mm of rain over 21.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 76% and peaks near 79% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 79 |
| 2 | 79 |
| 3 | 79 |
| 4 | 79 |
| 5 | 78 |
| 6 | 78 |
| 7 | 78 |
| 8 | 77 |
| 9 | 77 |
| 10 | 77 |
| 11 | 77 |
| 12 | 76 |
| 13 | 76 |
| 14 | 76 |
| 15 | 75 |
| 16 | 75 |
| 17 | 75 |
| 18 | 74 |
| 19 | 74 |
| 20 | 74 |
| 21 | 74 |
| 22 | 74 |
| 23 | 74 |
| 24 | 74 |
| 25 | 73 |
| 26 | 73 |
| 27 | 73 |
| 28 | 72 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 74% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 74% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Humid (%) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Muggy (%) | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 68 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 22 | 77 |
| 2 | 1 | 22 | 77 |
| 3 | 1 | 22 | 77 |
| 4 | 1 | 22 | 77 |
| 5 | 1 | 23 | 76 |
| 6 | 1 | 23 | 76 |
| 7 | 1 | 23 | 76 |
| 8 | 1 | 24 | 75 |
| 9 | 1 | 24 | 75 |
| 10 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 11 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 12 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 13 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 14 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 15 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 16 | 2 | 24 | 74 |
| 17 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 18 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 19 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 20 | 2 | 25 | 73 |
| 21 | 2 | 26 | 72 |
| 22 | 2 | 26 | 72 |
| 23 | 2 | 26 | 72 |
| 24 | 2 | 27 | 71 |
| 25 | 2 | 27 | 71 |
| 26 | 2 | 28 | 70 |
| 27 | 2 | 29 | 69 |
| 28 | 2 | 30 | 68 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:00 AM to 6:10 AM, and sunset from 6:41 PM to 6:30 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:10 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:30 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.7 | 6:00 | 6:41 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 6:01 | 6:41 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 6:01 | 6:40 |
| 4 | 12.6 | 6:02 | 6:40 |
| 5 | 12.6 | 6:02 | 6:40 |
| 6 | 12.6 | 6:03 | 6:40 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 6:03 | 6:39 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 6:03 | 6:39 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 6:04 | 6:39 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 6:04 | 6:39 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 6:05 | 6:38 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 6:05 | 6:38 |
| 13 | 12.5 | 6:05 | 6:38 |
| 14 | 12.5 | 6:06 | 6:37 |
| 15 | 12.5 | 6:06 | 6:37 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 6:07 | 6:36 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 6:07 | 6:36 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 6:07 | 6:36 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 6:08 | 6:35 |
| 20 | 12.4 | 6:08 | 6:35 |
| 21 | 12.4 | 6:08 | 6:34 |
| 22 | 12.4 | 6:09 | 6:34 |
| 23 | 12.4 | 6:09 | 6:33 |
| 24 | 12.4 | 6:09 | 6:33 |
| 25 | 12.4 | 6:09 | 6:32 |
| 26 | 12.4 | 6:10 | 6:32 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 6:10 | 6:31 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 6:10 | 6:30 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.44 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.82 kWh/m² to a high of 7.23 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 5.44 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Chunga
In February, Chunga sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Chunga's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Chunga?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Chunga for sightseeing.
What to pack for Chunga in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Chunga sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 19°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 21 days see rain.
UV index in Chunga in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Chunga peaks around January 19 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Air quality in Chunga in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Chunga is worst in August — around 45 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 3.2× the cleanest month (December, 14 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 27 | 37 | 45 | 38 | 27 | 19 | 14 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 17 | Moderate |
| Mar | 16 | Moderate |
| Apr | 16 | Moderate |
| May | 19 | Moderate |
| Jun | 27 | Moderate |
| Jul | 37 | Poor |
| Aug | 45 | Poor |
| Sep | 38 | Poor |
| Oct | 27 | Moderate |
| Nov | 19 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Where is Chunga?
Chunga sits at 15.3°S, 28.3°E, 1,197 m above sea level, in Zambia. The nearest listed city is Lusaka, 10 km away.
Topography around Chunga
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Chunga.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Chunga has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 124 m around an average of 1,217 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 230 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,065 m.
The land around Chunga is covered by artificial surfaces (37%) and trees (27%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (26%) and grassland (25%) within 16 km, and grassland (34%), shrubs (22%) and trees (20%) within 80 km.
Zambia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 30% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,318
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 5.2
- per 100k, 2015
- Road deaths
- 20.5
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 573
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Chunga (-15.3174°, 28.2687°, elevation 1,197 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).