Bāmyān weather in February
In February, Bāmyān sees average daytime highs of -8°C and overnight lows near -16°C, with 47 mm of precipitation across 8.7 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about -9°C in the first days to -7°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Bāmyān's 12th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Bāmyān's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -8°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- -16°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 47 mm
- 8.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 6:52 AM – 5:34 PM
- Cloud cover
- 58%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.86 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Bāmyān is The Cradle of Hazara Civilization.
- Density
- 1,768/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- ~2799 BCE
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about -9°C in the first days to -7°C by the end.
A typical February day in Bāmyān reaches about -8°C in the afternoon and slips back to -16°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -13°C and -3°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and about 5°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 |
| Avg low (°C) | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -14 | -14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -9 | -17 |
| 2 | -9 | -17 |
| 3 | -9 | -17 |
| 4 | -9 | -17 |
| 5 | -9 | -17 |
| 6 | -9 | -17 |
| 7 | -9 | -17 |
| 8 | -9 | -17 |
| 9 | -9 | -16 |
| 10 | -9 | -16 |
| 11 | -9 | -16 |
| 12 | -9 | -16 |
| 13 | -9 | -16 |
| 14 | -8 | -16 |
| 15 | -8 | -16 |
| 16 | -8 | -16 |
| 17 | -8 | -16 |
| 18 | -8 | -16 |
| 19 | -8 | -15 |
| 20 | -8 | -15 |
| 21 | -8 | -15 |
| 22 | -7 | -15 |
| 23 | -7 | -15 |
| 24 | -7 | -15 |
| 25 | -7 | -15 |
| 26 | -7 | -15 |
| 27 | -7 | -14 |
| 28 | -7 | -14 |
How February really feels in Bāmyān
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Bāmyān weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9° / -18° | 36 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -8° / -16° | 47 | 8.7 | 10 | 10.7 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -3° / -11° | 50 | 9.2 | 10 | 11.7 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 4° / -5° | 42 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 12.8 | 0.2 |
| May | 11° / 0° | 58 | 14 | 3.6 | 13.8 | 2.6 |
| Jun | 16° / 4° | 21 | 5.9 | 0 | 14.3 | 6.0 |
| Jul | 19° / 6° | 7 | 1.6 | 0 | 14.1 | 8.2 |
| Aug | 19° / 6° | 3 | 0.8 | 0 | 13.3 | 8.3 |
| Sep | 16° / 2° | 5 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 12.2 | 6.4 |
| Oct | 9° / -3° | 15 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 11.1 | 2.1 |
| Nov | 1° / -9° | 23 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -6° / -16° | 24 | 5 | 5.7 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in February, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 44 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 44 | 44 |
| Cloudier (%) | 56 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 56 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44 | 56 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 44 | 56 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 45 | 55 |
| 7 | 45 | 55 |
| 8 | 45 | 55 |
| 9 | 44 | 56 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 45 | 55 |
| 13 | 45 | 55 |
| 14 | 45 | 55 |
| 15 | 45 | 55 |
| 16 | 46 | 54 |
| 17 | 45 | 55 |
| 18 | 46 | 54 |
| 19 | 45 | 55 |
| 20 | 45 | 55 |
| 21 | 45 | 55 |
| 22 | 46 | 54 |
| 23 | 46 | 54 |
| 24 | 46 | 54 |
| 25 | 46 | 54 |
| 26 | 46 | 54 |
| 27 | 44 | 56 |
| 28 | 44 | 56 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Bāmyān gets around 47 mm of rain and snow over 8.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 31% and peaks near 32% on the wettest days, and about 10 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Snow chance (%) | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 33 |
| 2 | 30 | 34 |
| 3 | 30 | 34 |
| 4 | 31 | 35 |
| 5 | 31 | 36 |
| 6 | 31 | 36 |
| 7 | 32 | 37 |
| 8 | 32 | 37 |
| 9 | 32 | 37 |
| 10 | 32 | 37 |
| 11 | 32 | 37 |
| 12 | 32 | 37 |
| 13 | 31 | 37 |
| 14 | 31 | 36 |
| 15 | 31 | 36 |
| 16 | 30 | 36 |
| 17 | 30 | 35 |
| 18 | 30 | 35 |
| 19 | 30 | 35 |
| 20 | 30 | 35 |
| 21 | 30 | 34 |
| 22 | 30 | 34 |
| 23 | 30 | 34 |
| 24 | 30 | 34 |
| 25 | 30 | 33 |
| 26 | 30 | 33 |
| 27 | 30 | 33 |
| 28 | 30 | 33 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 3 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 3 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:04 AM to 6:38 AM, and sunset from 5:20 PM to 5:46 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:57 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:38 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.3 | 7:04 | 5:20 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 7:03 | 5:21 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 7:03 | 5:22 |
| 4 | 10.4 | 7:02 | 5:23 |
| 5 | 10.4 | 7:01 | 5:24 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 7:00 | 5:25 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 7:00 | 5:26 |
| 8 | 10.5 | 6:59 | 5:27 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 6:58 | 5:28 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 6:57 | 5:29 |
| 11 | 10.6 | 6:56 | 5:30 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 6:55 | 5:31 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 6:54 | 5:32 |
| 14 | 10.7 | 6:53 | 5:33 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 6:52 | 5:34 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 6:51 | 5:35 |
| 17 | 10.8 | 6:50 | 5:36 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 6:49 | 5:37 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 6:48 | 5:38 |
| 20 | 10.9 | 6:47 | 5:39 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 6:46 | 5:40 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 6:45 | 5:41 |
| 23 | 11.0 | 6:44 | 5:42 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:43 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 6:41 | 5:44 |
| 26 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:45 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 6:39 | 5:46 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 6:38 | 5:46 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.86 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.4 kWh/m² to a high of 8.2 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 4.86 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.5 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Bāmyān?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Bāmyān.
What to pack for Bāmyān in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Bāmyān sees daytime highs around -8°C and nights near -16°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear and sun protection. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Bāmyān in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Bāmyān peaks around June 23 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | High |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 10 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Extreme |
| Oct | 7 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | Moderate |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Air quality in Bāmyān in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Bāmyān is worst in May — around 18 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.3× the cleanest month (December, 6 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 7 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Good |
| Feb | 9 | Good |
| Mar | 11 | Good |
| Apr | 15 | Moderate |
| May | 18 | Moderate |
| Jun | 17 | Moderate |
| Jul | 17 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 12 | Good |
| Oct | 8 | Good |
| Nov | 6 | Good |
| Dec | 6 | Good |
Where is Bāmyān?
Bāmyān sits at 34.8°N, 67.8°E, 2,550 m above sea level, in Afghanistan. The nearest listed city is Bāzār-e Yakāwlang, 79 km away.
Topography around Bāmyān
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Bāmyān.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Bāmyān has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 328 m around an average of 2,583 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,216 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,874 m.
The land around Bāmyān is covered by bare terrain (59%) and cropland (30%) within 3 km, bare terrain (68%) and grassland (25%) within 16 km, and grassland (52%) and bare terrain (46%) within 80 km.
Afghanistan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 17% of US
- price level, 2024
- GDP per capita
- $417
- 2024
- Happiness
- 1.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 4
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 15.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 446
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Bāmyān (34.8216°, 67.8273°, elevation 2,550 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).