Villa Dolores weather in February
In February, Villa Dolores sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 18°C, with 60 mm of rain across 8.9 wet days and about 13.2 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 57% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Villa Dolores's 8th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Villa Dolores's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 18°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 60 mm
- 8.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 12 min
- 7:00 AM – 8:10 PM
- Cloud cover
- 39%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.47 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.3
- out of 10
Villa Dolores is city in Córdoba, Argentina.
- Founded
- 1853
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Villa Dolores reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 18°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 25°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C cooler than January and about 2°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 19 |
| 2 | 31 | 19 |
| 3 | 31 | 19 |
| 4 | 31 | 19 |
| 5 | 31 | 19 |
| 6 | 31 | 19 |
| 7 | 30 | 19 |
| 8 | 30 | 18 |
| 9 | 30 | 18 |
| 10 | 30 | 18 |
| 11 | 30 | 18 |
| 12 | 30 | 18 |
| 13 | 30 | 18 |
| 14 | 30 | 18 |
| 15 | 30 | 18 |
| 16 | 30 | 18 |
| 17 | 30 | 18 |
| 18 | 30 | 18 |
| 19 | 30 | 18 |
| 20 | 30 | 18 |
| 21 | 30 | 18 |
| 22 | 30 | 18 |
| 23 | 30 | 18 |
| 24 | 30 | 18 |
| 25 | 30 | 18 |
| 26 | 29 | 18 |
| 27 | 29 | 18 |
| 28 | 29 | 18 |
Villa Dolores weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32° / 19° | 59 | 10.4 | 13.9 | 4.4 |
| Feb | 30° / 18° | 60 | 8.9 | 13.2 | 5.3 |
| Mar | 28° / 16° | 59 | 9 | 12.2 | 6.6 |
| Apr | 24° / 13° | 42 | 6.2 | 11.2 | 7.8 |
| May | 20° / 9° | 24 | 4.8 | 10.4 | 7.3 |
| Jun | 17° / 5° | 13 | 2.6 | 10 | 7.0 |
| Jul | 17° / 4° | 12 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 7.0 |
| Aug | 20° / 6° | 10 | 2.1 | 10.8 | 8.1 |
| Sep | 23° / 9° | 20 | 3.1 | 11.8 | 8.5 |
| Oct | 27° / 13° | 42 | 6.4 | 12.8 | 7.6 |
| Nov | 29° / 16° | 61 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 5.9 |
| Dec | 31° / 18° | 65 | 10.1 | 14.1 | 4.7 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 57% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 24%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 79 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 |
| Cloudier (%) | 21 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 79 | 21 |
| 2 | 78 | 22 |
| 3 | 78 | 22 |
| 4 | 77 | 23 |
| 5 | 76 | 24 |
| 6 | 76 | 24 |
| 7 | 76 | 24 |
| 8 | 76 | 24 |
| 9 | 76 | 24 |
| 10 | 75 | 25 |
| 11 | 75 | 25 |
| 12 | 75 | 25 |
| 13 | 75 | 25 |
| 14 | 74 | 26 |
| 15 | 75 | 25 |
| 16 | 75 | 25 |
| 17 | 76 | 24 |
| 18 | 75 | 25 |
| 19 | 75 | 25 |
| 20 | 76 | 24 |
| 21 | 76 | 24 |
| 22 | 76 | 24 |
| 23 | 77 | 23 |
| 24 | 77 | 23 |
| 25 | 77 | 23 |
| 26 | 77 | 23 |
| 27 | 76 | 24 |
| 28 | 76 | 24 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Villa Dolores gets around 60 mm of rain over 8.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 31% and peaks near 34% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 33 |
| 2 | 33 |
| 3 | 34 |
| 4 | 34 |
| 5 | 34 |
| 6 | 34 |
| 7 | 34 |
| 8 | 34 |
| 9 | 33 |
| 10 | 33 |
| 11 | 33 |
| 12 | 33 |
| 13 | 32 |
| 14 | 32 |
| 15 | 31 |
| 16 | 31 |
| 17 | 30 |
| 18 | 30 |
| 19 | 30 |
| 20 | 29 |
| 21 | 29 |
| 22 | 29 |
| 23 | 29 |
| 24 | 29 |
| 25 | 29 |
| 26 | 29 |
| 27 | 29 |
| 28 | 29 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 34% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 14% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 |
| Comfortable (%) | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Humid (%) | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| Muggy (%) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Oppressive (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | 32 | 36 | 13 | 1 |
| 2 | 18 | 32 | 36 | 13 | 1 |
| 3 | 18 | 31 | 37 | 13 | 1 |
| 4 | 18 | 31 | 37 | 14 | 1 |
| 5 | 19 | 30 | 37 | 14 | 1 |
| 6 | 19 | 30 | 37 | 14 | 1 |
| 7 | 19 | 30 | 37 | 13 | 1 |
| 8 | 19 | 30 | 37 | 13 | 1 |
| 9 | 19 | 30 | 37 | 13 | 1 |
| 10 | 19 | 30 | 36 | 13 | 1 |
| 11 | 20 | 30 | 36 | 13 | 1 |
| 12 | 20 | 31 | 35 | 13 | 1 |
| 13 | 20 | 31 | 35 | 13 | 1 |
| 14 | 20 | 32 | 34 | 13 | 1 |
| 15 | 20 | 32 | 34 | 13 | 1 |
| 16 | 20 | 33 | 33 | 13 | 1 |
| 17 | 20 | 34 | 33 | 13 | 1 |
| 18 | 20 | 34 | 32 | 13 | 1 |
| 19 | 20 | 34 | 32 | 13 | 1 |
| 20 | 20 | 35 | 31 | 13 | 1 |
| 21 | 20 | 35 | 31 | 13 | 1 |
| 22 | 20 | 35 | 31 | 13 | 1 |
| 23 | 20 | 35 | 31 | 13 | 1 |
| 24 | 20 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 1 |
| 25 | 20 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 1 |
| 26 | 20 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 1 |
| 27 | 19 | 35 | 33 | 12 | 0 |
| 28 | 19 | 35 | 34 | 12 | 0 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 13 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 42 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:48 AM to 7:11 AM, and sunset from 8:21 PM to 7:57 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:11 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:21 | 8:20 | 8:19 | 8:19 | 8:18 | 8:17 | 8:17 | 8:16 | 8:15 | 8:14 | 8:14 | 8:13 | 8:12 | 8:11 | 8:10 | 8:09 | 8:08 | 8:08 | 8:07 | 8:06 | 8:05 | 8:04 | 8:03 | 8:02 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:57 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.5 | 6:48 | 8:21 |
| 2 | 13.5 | 6:49 | 8:20 |
| 3 | 13.5 | 6:50 | 8:19 |
| 4 | 13.5 | 6:51 | 8:19 |
| 5 | 13.4 | 6:52 | 8:18 |
| 6 | 13.4 | 6:52 | 8:17 |
| 7 | 13.4 | 6:53 | 8:17 |
| 8 | 13.4 | 6:54 | 8:16 |
| 9 | 13.3 | 6:55 | 8:15 |
| 10 | 13.3 | 6:56 | 8:14 |
| 11 | 13.3 | 6:57 | 8:14 |
| 12 | 13.3 | 6:58 | 8:13 |
| 13 | 13.2 | 6:59 | 8:12 |
| 14 | 13.2 | 7:00 | 8:11 |
| 15 | 13.2 | 7:00 | 8:10 |
| 16 | 13.1 | 7:01 | 8:09 |
| 17 | 13.1 | 7:02 | 8:08 |
| 18 | 13.1 | 7:03 | 8:08 |
| 19 | 13.0 | 7:04 | 8:07 |
| 20 | 13.0 | 7:05 | 8:06 |
| 21 | 13.0 | 7:05 | 8:05 |
| 22 | 13.0 | 7:06 | 8:04 |
| 23 | 12.9 | 7:07 | 8:03 |
| 24 | 12.9 | 7:08 | 8:02 |
| 25 | 12.9 | 7:09 | 8:00 |
| 26 | 12.8 | 7:10 | 7:59 |
| 27 | 12.8 | 7:10 | 7:58 |
| 28 | 12.8 | 7:11 | 7:57 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.47 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.93 kWh/m² to a high of 7.53 kWh/m² in December across the year — February's 6.47 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.0 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Villa Dolores?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Villa Dolores for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Villa Dolores in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Villa Dolores sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 18°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Villa Dolores in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Villa Dolores peaks around January 17 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 22 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 5 | Moderate |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Villa Dolores?
Villa Dolores sits at 31.9°S, 65.2°W, 522 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Alta Gracia, 79 km away.
Topography around Villa Dolores
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Villa Dolores.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Villa Dolores has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 61 m around an average of 526 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 542 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,503 m.
The land around Villa Dolores is covered by artificial surfaces (31%), shrubs (23%) and cropland (20%) within 3 km, shrubs (59%) within 16 km, and shrubs (51%) and grassland (29%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Villa Dolores (-31.945°, -65.1903°, elevation 522 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).