Paro weather in April
In April, Paro sees average daytime highs of 11°C and overnight lows near 0°C, with 94 mm of precipitation across 20.6 wet days and about 12.6 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 12°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in April, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 12 min at the start of April to 13 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, April is Paro's 7th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Paro's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 11°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 0°
- 6th coldest
- Precipitation
- 94 mm
- 20.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 42 min
- 5:43 AM – 6:22 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.04 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.1
- out of 10
Paro is city in Bhutan.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in April
Highs climb over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 12°C by the end.
A typical April day in Paro reaches about 11°C in the afternoon and slips back to 0°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 8°C and 14°C. Set against its neighbours, April runs about 3°C warmer than March and about 3°C cooler than May.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Avg low (°C) | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | -1 |
| 2 | 10 | -1 |
| 3 | 10 | -1 |
| 4 | 10 | -1 |
| 5 | 10 | -1 |
| 6 | 10 | -1 |
| 7 | 10 | -1 |
| 8 | 10 | 0 |
| 9 | 11 | 0 |
| 10 | 11 | 0 |
| 11 | 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 11 | 0 |
| 13 | 11 | 0 |
| 14 | 11 | 0 |
| 15 | 11 | 0 |
| 16 | 11 | 0 |
| 17 | 11 | 1 |
| 18 | 11 | 1 |
| 19 | 12 | 1 |
| 20 | 12 | 1 |
| 21 | 12 | 1 |
| 22 | 12 | 1 |
| 23 | 12 | 1 |
| 24 | 12 | 1 |
| 25 | 12 | 1 |
| 26 | 12 | 2 |
| 27 | 12 | 2 |
| 28 | 12 | 2 |
| 29 | 12 | 2 |
| 30 | 13 | 2 |
How April really feels in Paro
Once humidity and wind are folded in, April averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 12 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in April is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Paro weather by month
How April compares with the rest of the year at a glance. April is the 7th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4° / -8° | 29 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 10.5 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 5° / -6° | 43 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 11 | 0.2 |
| Mar | 8° / -3° | 68 | 18.2 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 1.1 |
| Apr | 11° / 0° | 94 | 20.6 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 2.1 |
| May | 14° / 5° | 180 | 27.8 | 2.1 | 13.3 | 2.5 |
| Jun | 16° / 9° | 341 | 28.9 | 0.2 | 13.7 | 2.6 |
| Jul | 16° / 10° | 490 | 30.6 | 0.3 | 13.6 | 2.5 |
| Aug | 16° / 10° | 359 | 30.4 | 0.1 | 13 | 2.6 |
| Sep | 15° / 8° | 232 | 27.2 | 0.3 | 12.2 | 2.7 |
| Oct | 13° / 2° | 97 | 15.9 | 3.5 | 11.3 | 3.0 |
| Nov | 9° / -2° | 28 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 2.1 |
| Dec | 6° / -6° | 23 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 10.3 | 0.7 |
Cloud cover in April
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in April.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of April, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 62%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Cloudier (%) | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 46 | 54 |
| 2 | 46 | 54 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 44 | 56 |
| 7 | 44 | 56 |
| 8 | 44 | 56 |
| 9 | 43 | 57 |
| 10 | 43 | 57 |
| 11 | 43 | 57 |
| 12 | 41 | 59 |
| 13 | 41 | 59 |
| 14 | 41 | 59 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 38 | 62 |
| 17 | 37 | 63 |
| 18 | 37 | 63 |
| 19 | 36 | 64 |
| 20 | 35 | 65 |
| 21 | 33 | 67 |
| 22 | 33 | 67 |
| 23 | 33 | 67 |
| 24 | 33 | 67 |
| 25 | 32 | 68 |
| 26 | 32 | 68 |
| 27 | 32 | 68 |
| 28 | 31 | 69 |
| 29 | 31 | 69 |
| 30 | 31 | 69 |
Chance of precipitation in April
Paro gets around 94 mm of rain and snow over 20.6 wet days in April. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 69% and peaks near 82% on the wettest days, and about 7 days bring snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 |
| Snow chance (%) | 26 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65 | 26 |
| 2 | 64 | 25 |
| 3 | 64 | 24 |
| 4 | 63 | 24 |
| 5 | 63 | 23 |
| 6 | 63 | 22 |
| 7 | 63 | 22 |
| 8 | 63 | 21 |
| 9 | 63 | 21 |
| 10 | 63 | 21 |
| 11 | 64 | 20 |
| 12 | 64 | 20 |
| 13 | 65 | 20 |
| 14 | 65 | 20 |
| 15 | 66 | 20 |
| 16 | 67 | 21 |
| 17 | 68 | 21 |
| 18 | 69 | 22 |
| 19 | 71 | 22 |
| 20 | 72 | 22 |
| 21 | 73 | 23 |
| 22 | 74 | 23 |
| 23 | 75 | 23 |
| 24 | 76 | 22 |
| 25 | 77 | 22 |
| 26 | 78 | 22 |
| 27 | 79 | 21 |
| 28 | 80 | 21 |
| 29 | 81 | 20 |
| 30 | 82 | 19 |
Humidity in April
Most of April feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, April lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in April
Winds average 4 km/h in April.
Across April, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in April
Daylight runs from about 12 h 12 min at the start of April to 13 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over April. Sunrise moves from 6:00 AM to 5:30 AM, and sunset from 6:14 PM to 6:30 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:41 | 5:40 | 5:39 | 5:38 | 5:37 | 5:36 | 5:35 | 5:34 | 5:33 | 5:32 | 5:31 | 5:30 | 5:30 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:14 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 5:59 | 6:15 |
| 3 | 12.3 | 5:57 | 6:15 |
| 4 | 12.3 | 5:56 | 6:16 |
| 5 | 12.4 | 5:55 | 6:16 |
| 6 | 12.4 | 5:54 | 6:17 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 5:53 | 6:17 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 5:52 | 6:18 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:51 | 6:18 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 5:50 | 6:19 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 5:48 | 6:19 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 5:47 | 6:20 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 5:46 | 6:21 |
| 14 | 12.6 | 5:45 | 6:21 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 5:44 | 6:22 |
| 16 | 12.7 | 5:43 | 6:22 |
| 17 | 12.7 | 5:42 | 6:23 |
| 18 | 12.7 | 5:41 | 6:23 |
| 19 | 12.7 | 5:40 | 6:24 |
| 20 | 12.8 | 5:39 | 6:24 |
| 21 | 12.8 | 5:38 | 6:25 |
| 22 | 12.8 | 5:37 | 6:25 |
| 23 | 12.8 | 5:36 | 6:26 |
| 24 | 12.9 | 5:35 | 6:26 |
| 25 | 12.9 | 5:34 | 6:27 |
| 26 | 12.9 | 5:33 | 6:28 |
| 27 | 12.9 | 5:32 | 6:28 |
| 28 | 13.0 | 5:31 | 6:29 |
| 29 | 13.0 | 5:30 | 6:29 |
| 30 | 13.0 | 5:30 | 6:30 |
Solar energy in April
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in April, about 6.04 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.48 kWh/m² to a high of 6.04 kWh/m² in April across the year — April's 6.04 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 7 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 8 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 30 | 6.0 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Paro
None of Paro's seasonal hazards are active in April. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Paro's monsoon runs June–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is April a good time to visit Paro?
Our two travel scores rate April for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
April is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Paro.
What to pack for Paro in April
From April's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In April, Paro sees daytime highs around 11°C and nights near 0°C. Pack a warm layer, rain gear and sun protection. About 21 days see rain.
UV index in Paro in April
Clear-sky midday UV in April peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Paro peaks around July 12 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 5 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 6 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 5 |
| Level | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | High |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | High |
| Feb | 8 | Very high |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 15 | Extreme |
| Jul | 15 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 10 | Very high |
| Nov | 7 | High |
| Dec | 5 | High |
Where is Paro?
Paro sits at 27.4°N, 89.4°E, 0 m above sea level, in Bhutan. The nearest listed city is Thimphu, 23 km away.
Topography around Paro
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Paro.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Paro has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 826 m around an average of 2,482 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,631 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 7,169 m.
The land around Paro is covered by trees (42%) and grassland (41%) within 3 km, trees (77%) and grassland (20%) within 16 km, and trees (65%) and grassland (21%) within 80 km.
Bhutan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / F / G / M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 23% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $4,493
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2018
- Safe drinking water
- 66%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.5
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 16.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 473
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Paro (27.4305°, 89.4133°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).