Punata weather in November
In November, Punata sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 137 mm of rain across 22.5 wet days and about 12.8 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 36 min at the start of November to 13 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Punata's 9th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Punata's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 137 mm
- 22.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 48 min
- 5:43 AM – 6:34 PM
- Cloud cover
- 81%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.97 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.8
- out of 10
Punata is city.
- Founded
- 1781
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month.
A typical November day in Punata reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | 8 |
| 2 | 17 | 8 |
| 3 | 17 | 8 |
| 4 | 17 | 8 |
| 5 | 17 | 8 |
| 6 | 17 | 8 |
| 7 | 17 | 8 |
| 8 | 17 | 8 |
| 9 | 17 | 8 |
| 10 | 17 | 8 |
| 11 | 17 | 8 |
| 12 | 17 | 8 |
| 13 | 17 | 8 |
| 14 | 17 | 8 |
| 15 | 17 | 9 |
| 16 | 17 | 9 |
| 17 | 17 | 9 |
| 18 | 17 | 9 |
| 19 | 18 | 9 |
| 20 | 18 | 9 |
| 21 | 18 | 9 |
| 22 | 18 | 9 |
| 23 | 18 | 9 |
| 24 | 18 | 9 |
| 25 | 18 | 9 |
| 26 | 18 | 9 |
| 27 | 18 | 9 |
| 28 | 18 | 9 |
| 29 | 18 | 9 |
| 30 | 17 | 9 |
Punata weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 9° | 287 | 29 | 12.9 | 2.8 |
| Feb | 16° / 9° | 255 | 26.2 | 12.6 | 2.8 |
| Mar | 16° / 8° | 196 | 26.1 | 12.1 | 3.2 |
| Apr | 16° / 7° | 101 | 16.8 | 11.6 | 4.2 |
| May | 16° / 6° | 52 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 5.0 |
| Jun | 15° / 4° | 38 | 7 | 11 | 4.9 |
| Jul | 15° / 4° | 43 | 8.2 | 11.1 | 4.7 |
| Aug | 15° / 4° | 61 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 16° / 6° | 79 | 17.3 | 11.9 | 4.1 |
| Oct | 17° / 8° | 105 | 22.4 | 12.4 | 3.8 |
| Nov | 17° / 9° | 137 | 22.5 | 12.8 | 3.8 |
| Dec | 17° / 9° | 231 | 27.9 | 13 | 3.1 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 85%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 22 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Cloudier (%) | 78 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 78 |
| 2 | 23 | 77 |
| 3 | 22 | 78 |
| 4 | 22 | 78 |
| 5 | 22 | 78 |
| 6 | 21 | 79 |
| 7 | 21 | 79 |
| 8 | 21 | 79 |
| 9 | 19 | 81 |
| 10 | 19 | 81 |
| 11 | 19 | 81 |
| 12 | 17 | 83 |
| 13 | 17 | 83 |
| 14 | 15 | 85 |
| 15 | 15 | 85 |
| 16 | 14 | 86 |
| 17 | 13 | 87 |
| 18 | 12 | 88 |
| 19 | 12 | 88 |
| 20 | 11 | 89 |
| 21 | 11 | 89 |
| 22 | 10 | 90 |
| 23 | 10 | 90 |
| 24 | 10 | 90 |
| 25 | 8 | 92 |
| 26 | 8 | 92 |
| 27 | 8 | 92 |
| 28 | 7 | 93 |
| 29 | 7 | 93 |
| 30 | 7 | 93 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Punata gets around 137 mm of rain over 22.5 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 75% and peaks near 84% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 84 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 73 |
| 2 | 73 |
| 3 | 72 |
| 4 | 72 |
| 5 | 72 |
| 6 | 72 |
| 7 | 72 |
| 8 | 72 |
| 9 | 71 |
| 10 | 71 |
| 11 | 72 |
| 12 | 72 |
| 13 | 72 |
| 14 | 72 |
| 15 | 73 |
| 16 | 73 |
| 17 | 74 |
| 18 | 74 |
| 19 | 75 |
| 20 | 76 |
| 21 | 77 |
| 22 | 78 |
| 23 | 79 |
| 24 | 79 |
| 25 | 80 |
| 26 | 81 |
| 27 | 82 |
| 28 | 83 |
| 29 | 83 |
| 30 | 84 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 6 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 36 min at the start of November to 13 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 24 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:47 AM to 5:44 AM, and sunset from 6:26 PM to 6:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.6 | 5:47 | 6:26 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 5:47 | 6:27 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 5:47 | 6:27 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 5:46 | 6:28 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 5:46 | 6:28 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 5:46 | 6:29 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 5:45 | 6:29 |
| 8 | 12.7 | 5:45 | 6:30 |
| 9 | 12.8 | 5:45 | 6:30 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 5:45 | 6:31 |
| 11 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:31 |
| 12 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:32 |
| 13 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:32 |
| 14 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:33 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:33 |
| 16 | 12.8 | 5:43 | 6:34 |
| 17 | 12.8 | 5:43 | 6:34 |
| 18 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:35 |
| 19 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:35 |
| 20 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:36 |
| 21 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:37 |
| 22 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:37 |
| 23 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:38 |
| 24 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:38 |
| 25 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:39 |
| 26 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:39 |
| 27 | 12.9 | 5:43 | 6:40 |
| 28 | 13.0 | 5:43 | 6:41 |
| 29 | 13.0 | 5:44 | 6:41 |
| 30 | 13.0 | 5:44 | 6:42 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 5.97 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.44 kWh/m² to a high of 6.03 kWh/m² in October across the year — November's 5.97 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.8 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Punata
In November, Punata sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Punata's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Punata?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Punata.
What to pack for Punata in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Punata sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 9°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 23 days see rain.
UV index in Punata in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Punata peaks around January 18 at about 18 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 18 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 17 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Extreme |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 16 | Extreme |
| Nov | 16 | Extreme |
| Dec | 17 | Extreme |
Air quality in Punata in November
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Punata is worst in September — around 16 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.1× the cleanest month (December, 5 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 8 | 5 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Good |
| Feb | 6 | Good |
| Mar | 7 | Good |
| Apr | 6 | Good |
| May | 5 | Good |
| Jun | 6 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 11 | Good |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 11 | Good |
| Nov | 8 | Good |
| Dec | 5 | Good |
Where is Punata?
Punata sits at 17.5°S, 65.8°W, 2,731 m above sea level, in Bolivia. The nearest listed city is Sacaba, 27 km away.
Topography around Punata
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Punata.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Punata has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 68 m around an average of 2,723 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,487 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,779 m.
The land around Punata is covered by cropland (64%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, grassland (54%) and cropland (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (60%) and trees (26%) within 80 km.
Bolivia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 40% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,148
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.4
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 21.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Punata (-17.5423°, -65.8347°, elevation 2,731 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).