Penalva weather in December

In December, Penalva sees average daytime highs of 32°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 95 mm of rain across 13.7 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in December, and the air most often feels oppressive.

Daylight stretches from about 12 h 12 min at the start of December to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Penalva's 7th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Penalva's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 32°; 4th warmest
Overnight low: 25°; 11th coldest
Rainfall: 95 mm; 13.7 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 12 min; 5:51 AM – 6:03 PM
Cloud cover: 67%; 7th clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 4th windiest
Solar energy: 5.37 kWh/m²
Travel score: 3.4; out of 10

Penalva is town in Penalva, Maranhão, Brazil.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← November Penalva year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in December

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month.

A typical December day in Penalva reaches about 32°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 30°C and 34°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs on par with November and about 1°C warmer than January.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32
Avg low (°C)	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	25
2	33	25
3	33	25
4	33	25
5	33	25
6	33	25
7	33	25
8	33	25
9	33	25
10	33	25
11	33	25
12	33	25
13	33	25
14	32	25
15	32	25
16	32	25
17	32	25
18	32	25
19	32	25
20	32	25
21	32	25
22	32	25
23	32	25
24	32	25
25	32	25
26	32	25
27	32	25
28	32	25
29	32	25
30	32	25
31	32	25

How December really feels in Penalva

Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 31 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

The story in December is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.

Penalva weather by month

How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 4th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	31° / 24°	212	24.5	12.2	2.8
Feb	31° / 24°	291	25.5	12.1	2.6
Mar	31° / 24°	379	29.5	12	2.5
Apr	30° / 24°	403	28.2	11.9	2.6
May	31° / 24°	227	23.8	11.9	3.2
Jun	31° / 24°	93	15.9	11.8	4.1
Jul	31° / 24°	55	10	11.8	4.9
Aug	32° / 24°	16	4	11.9	4.9
Sep	33° / 25°	12	2.5	12	4.4
Oct	33° / 25°	19	3.9	12.1	4.0
Nov	33° / 25°	42	7.1	12.1	3.8
Dec	32° / 25°	95	13.7	12.2	3.4

Cloud cover in December

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in December.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 21% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	47	47	47	47	47	47	46	46	45	45	44	43	43	41	40	40	39	38	36	35	35	34	33	33	32	31	30	30	28	28	26
Cloudier (%)	53	53	53	53	53	53	54	54	55	55	56	57	57	59	60	60	61	62	64	65	65	66	67	67	68	69	70	70	72	72	74

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	47	53
6	47	53
7	46	54
8	46	54
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	44	56
12	43	57
13	43	57
14	41	59
15	40	60
16	40	60
17	39	61
18	38	62
19	36	64
20	35	65
21	35	65
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	31	69
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	28	72
31	26	74

Chance of precipitation in December

Any precipitation

Penalva gets around 95 mm of rain over 13.7 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 45% and peaks near 65% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	27	27	27	28	29	30	31	32	34	35	37	38	40	42	43	45	47	49	50	52	53	54	56	57	58	59	61	62	63	64	65

	Rain chance (%)
1	27
2	27
3	27
4	28
5	29
6	30
7	31
8	32
9	34
10	35
11	37
12	38
13	40
14	42
15	43
16	45
17	47
18	49
19	50
20	52
21	53
22	54
23	56
24	57
25	58
26	59
27	61
28	62
29	63
30	64
31	65

Humidity in December

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of December feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, December lands in the oppressive band about 77% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Oppressive (%)	86	86	86	86	85	85	85	85	85	84	84	84	83	82	81	80	79	78	77	75	74	73	71	70	68	67	66	65	64	63	63
Miserable (%)	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	25	26	27	29	30	32	33	34	35	36	37	37

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	85	15
6	85	15
7	85	15
8	85	15
9	85	15
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	83	17
14	82	18
15	81	19
16	80	20
17	79	21
18	78	22
19	77	23
20	75	25
21	74	26
22	73	27
23	71	29
24	70	30
25	68	32
26	67	33
27	66	34
28	65	35
29	64	36
30	63	37
31	63	37

Wind in December

Winds average 9 km/h in December.

Across December, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	10	calm
2	10	calm
3	10	calm
4	10	calm
5	10	calm
6	10	calm
7	10	calm
8	10	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	9	calm
14	9	calm
15	9	calm
16	9	calm
17	9	calm
18	9	calm
19	9	calm
20	9	calm
21	9	calm
22	9	calm
23	9	calm
24	8	calm
25	8	calm
26	8	calm
27	8	calm
28	8	calm
29	8	calm
30	8	calm
31	8	calm

Sunrise & sunset in December

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 12 h 12 min at the start of December to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 0 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:45 AM to 5:58 AM, and sunset from 5:56 PM to 6:09 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2
Sunrise (AM)	5:45	5:45	5:46	5:46	5:47	5:47	5:47	5:48	5:48	5:49	5:49	5:49	5:50	5:50	5:51	5:51	5:52	5:52	5:53	5:53	5:53	5:54	5:54	5:55	5:55	5:56	5:56	5:57	5:57	5:58	5:58
Sunset (PM)	5:56	5:56	5:57	5:57	5:57	5:58	5:58	5:59	5:59	6:00	6:00	6:01	6:01	6:02	6:02	6:03	6:03	6:03	6:04	6:04	6:05	6:05	6:06	6:06	6:07	6:07	6:08	6:08	6:09	6:09	6:09

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	12.2	5:45	5:56
2	12.2	5:45	5:56
3	12.2	5:46	5:57
4	12.2	5:46	5:57
5	12.2	5:47	5:57
6	12.2	5:47	5:58
7	12.2	5:47	5:58
8	12.2	5:48	5:59
9	12.2	5:48	5:59
10	12.2	5:49	6:00
11	12.2	5:49	6:00
12	12.2	5:49	6:01
13	12.2	5:50	6:01
14	12.2	5:50	6:02
15	12.2	5:51	6:02
16	12.2	5:51	6:03
17	12.2	5:52	6:03
18	12.2	5:52	6:03
19	12.2	5:53	6:04
20	12.2	5:53	6:04
21	12.2	5:53	6:05
22	12.2	5:54	6:05
23	12.2	5:54	6:06
24	12.2	5:55	6:06
25	12.2	5:55	6:07
26	12.2	5:56	6:07
27	12.2	5:56	6:08
28	12.2	5:57	6:08
29	12.2	5:57	6:09
30	12.2	5:58	6:09
31	12.2	5:58	6:09

Solar energy in December

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 5.37 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.22 kWh/m² to a high of 6.13 kWh/m² in October across the year — December's 5.37 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.6	Bright
2	5.6	Bright
3	5.6	Bright
4	5.6	Bright
5	5.6	Bright
6	5.6	Bright
7	5.6	Bright
8	5.5	Bright
9	5.5	Bright
10	5.5	Bright
11	5.5	Bright
12	5.5	Bright
13	5.4	Bright
14	5.4	Bright
15	5.4	Bright
16	5.4	Bright
17	5.3	Bright
18	5.3	Bright
19	5.3	Bright
20	5.3	Bright
21	5.2	Bright
22	5.2	Bright
23	5.2	Bright
24	5.2	Bright
25	5.1	Bright
26	5.1	Bright
27	5.1	Bright
28	5.1	Bright
29	5.1	Bright
30	5.0	Bright
31	5.0	Bright

Planning a trip in December

Hazard calendar for Penalva

In seasonPeak

None of Penalva's seasonal hazards are active in December. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Penalva's monsoon runs January–May, when most of the year's rain falls.

Monsoon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is December a good time to visit Penalva?

Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

3.4

Sightseeing

7th-best month of the year

5.6

Beach & pool

7th-best month of the year

December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Penalva.

What to pack for Penalva in December

From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In December, Penalva sees daytime highs around 32°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 14 days see rain.

light clothesrain gearsun protection

UV index in Penalva in December

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Penalva peaks around March 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 15 at about 10 (extreme).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	13	14	15	14	11	10	10	10	12	12	10	11
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	13	Extreme
Feb	14	Extreme
Mar	15	Extreme
Apr	14	Extreme
May	11	Extreme
Jun	10	Extreme
Jul	10	Very high
Aug	10	Extreme
Sep	12	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	10	Extreme
Dec	11	Extreme

Air quality in Penalva in December

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where December falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Penalva is worst in November — around 18 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.1× the cleanest month (June, 9 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	15	17	16	14	10	9	9	10	9	13	18	16
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	15	Moderate
Feb	17	Moderate
Mar	16	Moderate
Apr	14	Moderate
May	10	Good
Jun	9	Good
Jul	9	Good
Aug	10	Good
Sep	9	Good
Oct	13	Moderate
Nov	18	Moderate
Dec	16	Moderate

Location & terrain

Where is Penalva?

Penalva sits at 3.3°S, 45.2°W, 17 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Cajari, 18 km away.

Topography around Penalva

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Penalva.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Penalva has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 26 m around an average of 8 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 71 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 169 m.

The land around Penalva is covered by water (32%) and grassland (30%) within 3 km, trees (39%), grassland (30%) and wetland (20%) within 16 km, and grassland (49%) and trees (37%) within 80 km.

3 km

26 m

water 32%

16 km

71 m

trees 39%

80 km

169 m

grassland 49%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswaterwetlandmangroves

← November Penalva year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

December weather nearby: Cajari 18 km · Viana 21 km · Monção 24 km · Matinha 27 km · Vitória do Mearim 38 km · Pindaré-Mirim 40 km · Pedro do Rosário 41 km · Arari 47 km

Brazil travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / N; 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
Prices: ≈ 46% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $10,713; 2025
Happiness: 6.6 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 89%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 19.3; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 16; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Upper middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 482
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Penalva (-3.2942°, -45.1736°, elevation 17 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	25
2	33	25
3	33	25
4	33	25
5	33	25
6	33	25
7	33	25
8	33	25
9	33	25
10	33	25
11	33	25
12	33	25
13	33	25
14	32	25
15	32	25
16	32	25
17	32	25
18	32	25
19	32	25
20	32	25
21	32	25
22	32	25
23	32	25
24	32	25
25	32	25
26	32	25
27	32	25
28	32	25
29	32	25
30	32	25
31	32	25

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	47	53
6	47	53
7	46	54
8	46	54
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	44	56
12	43	57
13	43	57
14	41	59
15	40	60
16	40	60
17	39	61
18	38	62
19	36	64
20	35	65
21	35	65
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	31	69
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	28	72
31	26	74

	Rain chance (%)
1	27
2	27
3	27
4	28
5	29
6	30
7	31
8	32
9	34
10	35
11	37
12	38
13	40
14	42
15	43
16	45
17	47
18	49
19	50
20	52
21	53
22	54
23	56
24	57
25	58
26	59
27	61
28	62
29	63
30	64
31	65

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	85	15
6	85	15
7	85	15
8	85	15
9	85	15
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	83	17
14	82	18
15	81	19
16	80	20
17	79	21
18	78	22
19	77	23
20	75	25
21	74	26
22	73	27
23	71	29
24	70	30
25	68	32
26	67	33
27	66	34
28	65	35
29	64	36
30	63	37
31	63	37

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	25
2	33	25
3	33	25
4	33	25
5	33	25
6	33	25
7	33	25
8	33	25
9	33	25
10	33	25
11	33	25
12	33	25
13	33	25
14	32	25
15	32	25
16	32	25
17	32	25
18	32	25
19	32	25
20	32	25
21	32	25
22	32	25
23	32	25
24	32	25
25	32	25
26	32	25
27	32	25
28	32	25
29	32	25
30	32	25
31	32	25

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	47	53
6	47	53
7	46	54
8	46	54
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	44	56
12	43	57
13	43	57
14	41	59
15	40	60
16	40	60
17	39	61
18	38	62
19	36	64
20	35	65
21	35	65
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	31	69
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	28	72
31	26	74

	Rain chance (%)
1	27
2	27
3	27
4	28
5	29
6	30
7	31
8	32
9	34
10	35
11	37
12	38
13	40
14	42
15	43
16	45
17	47
18	49
19	50
20	52
21	53
22	54
23	56
24	57
25	58
26	59
27	61
28	62
29	63
30	64
31	65

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	85	15
6	85	15
7	85	15
8	85	15
9	85	15
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	83	17
14	82	18
15	81	19
16	80	20
17	79	21
18	78	22
19	77	23
20	75	25
21	74	26
22	73	27
23	71	29
24	70	30
25	68	32
26	67	33
27	66	34
28	65	35
29	64	36
30	63	37
31	63	37

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	25
2	33	25
3	33	25
4	33	25
5	33	25
6	33	25
7	33	25
8	33	25
9	33	25
10	33	25
11	33	25
12	33	25
13	33	25
14	32	25
15	32	25
16	32	25
17	32	25
18	32	25
19	32	25
20	32	25
21	32	25
22	32	25
23	32	25
24	32	25
25	32	25
26	32	25
27	32	25
28	32	25
29	32	25
30	32	25
31	32	25

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	47	53
6	47	53
7	46	54
8	46	54
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	44	56
12	43	57
13	43	57
14	41	59
15	40	60
16	40	60
17	39	61
18	38	62
19	36	64
20	35	65
21	35	65
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	31	69
27	30	70
28	30	70
29	28	72
30	28	72
31	26	74

	Rain chance (%)
1	27
2	27
3	27
4	28
5	29
6	30
7	31
8	32
9	34
10	35
11	37
12	38
13	40
14	42
15	43
16	45
17	47
18	49
19	50
20	52
21	53
22	54
23	56
24	57
25	58
26	59
27	61
28	62
29	63
30	64
31	65

	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	85	15
6	85	15
7	85	15
8	85	15
9	85	15
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	83	17
14	82	18
15	81	19
16	80	20
17	79	21
18	78	22
19	77	23
20	75	25
21	74	26
22	73	27
23	71	29
24	70	30
25	68	32
26	67	33
27	66	34
28	65	35
29	64	36
30	63	37
31	63	37