Penalva weather in September
In September, Penalva sees average daytime highs of 33°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 12 mm of rain across 2.5 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in September, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 54 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Penalva's 2nd-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Penalva's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 33°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 25°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 12 mm
- 2.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 5:56 AM – 5:54 PM
- Cloud cover
- 39%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.02 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.4
- out of 10
Penalva is town in Penalva, Maranhão, Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month.
A typical September day in Penalva reaches about 33°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 32°C and 34°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 1°C warmer than August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 24 |
| 2 | 32 | 24 |
| 3 | 32 | 24 |
| 4 | 32 | 24 |
| 5 | 33 | 24 |
| 6 | 33 | 24 |
| 7 | 33 | 24 |
| 8 | 33 | 24 |
| 9 | 33 | 24 |
| 10 | 33 | 24 |
| 11 | 33 | 24 |
| 12 | 33 | 24 |
| 13 | 33 | 24 |
| 14 | 33 | 25 |
| 15 | 33 | 25 |
| 16 | 33 | 25 |
| 17 | 33 | 25 |
| 18 | 33 | 25 |
| 19 | 33 | 25 |
| 20 | 33 | 25 |
| 21 | 33 | 25 |
| 22 | 33 | 25 |
| 23 | 33 | 25 |
| 24 | 33 | 25 |
| 25 | 33 | 25 |
| 26 | 33 | 25 |
| 27 | 33 | 25 |
| 28 | 33 | 25 |
| 29 | 33 | 25 |
| 30 | 33 | 25 |
How September really feels in Penalva
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Penalva weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 3rd-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31° / 24° | 212 | 24.5 | 12.2 | 2.8 |
| Feb | 31° / 24° | 291 | 25.5 | 12.1 | 2.6 |
| Mar | 31° / 24° | 379 | 29.5 | 12 | 2.5 |
| Apr | 30° / 24° | 403 | 28.2 | 11.9 | 2.6 |
| May | 31° / 24° | 227 | 23.8 | 11.9 | 3.2 |
| Jun | 31° / 24° | 93 | 15.9 | 11.8 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 31° / 24° | 55 | 10 | 11.8 | 4.9 |
| Aug | 32° / 24° | 16 | 4 | 11.9 | 4.9 |
| Sep | 33° / 25° | 12 | 2.5 | 12 | 4.4 |
| Oct | 33° / 25° | 19 | 3.9 | 12.1 | 4.0 |
| Nov | 33° / 25° | 42 | 7.1 | 12.1 | 3.8 |
| Dec | 32° / 25° | 95 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 3.4 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 26% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 13%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 |
| Cloudier (%) | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90 | 10 |
| 2 | 89 | 11 |
| 3 | 89 | 11 |
| 4 | 89 | 11 |
| 5 | 89 | 11 |
| 6 | 88 | 12 |
| 7 | 88 | 12 |
| 8 | 88 | 12 |
| 9 | 88 | 12 |
| 10 | 88 | 12 |
| 11 | 88 | 12 |
| 12 | 88 | 12 |
| 13 | 89 | 11 |
| 14 | 88 | 12 |
| 15 | 88 | 12 |
| 16 | 88 | 12 |
| 17 | 88 | 12 |
| 18 | 87 | 13 |
| 19 | 87 | 13 |
| 20 | 87 | 13 |
| 21 | 87 | 13 |
| 22 | 87 | 13 |
| 23 | 87 | 13 |
| 24 | 87 | 13 |
| 25 | 87 | 13 |
| 26 | 85 | 15 |
| 27 | 85 | 15 |
| 28 | 85 | 15 |
| 29 | 85 | 15 |
| 30 | 84 | 16 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Penalva gets around 12 mm of rain over 2.5 wet days in September, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 9% and peaks near 10% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 10 |
| 3 | 9 |
| 4 | 9 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 6 | 8 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 | 7 |
| 9 | 7 |
| 10 | 7 |
| 11 | 7 |
| 12 | 7 |
| 13 | 7 |
| 14 | 8 |
| 15 | 8 |
| 16 | 8 |
| 17 | 8 |
| 18 | 8 |
| 19 | 9 |
| 20 | 9 |
| 21 | 9 |
| 22 | 10 |
| 23 | 10 |
| 24 | 10 |
| 25 | 10 |
| 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 10 |
| 28 | 10 |
| 29 | 10 |
| 30 | 10 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the oppressive band about 91% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Oppressive (%) | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 |
| Miserable (%) | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 83 | 16 |
| 2 | 1 | 84 | 15 |
| 3 | 1 | 85 | 14 |
| 4 | 1 | 86 | 13 |
| 5 | 1 | 87 | 12 |
| 6 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 7 | 2 | 87 | 11 |
| 8 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 9 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 10 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 11 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 12 | 1 | 91 | 8 |
| 13 | 1 | 91 | 8 |
| 14 | 1 | 91 | 8 |
| 15 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 16 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 17 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 18 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 19 | 1 | 93 | 6 |
| 20 | 1 | 93 | 6 |
| 21 | 1 | 93 | 6 |
| 22 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 23 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 24 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 25 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 26 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 27 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 28 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 29 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 30 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
Wind in September
Winds average 10 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 54 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:02 AM to 5:49 AM, and sunset from 5:59 PM to 5:51 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:49 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.9 | 6:02 | 5:59 |
| 2 | 11.9 | 6:02 | 5:58 |
| 3 | 11.9 | 6:01 | 5:58 |
| 4 | 11.9 | 6:01 | 5:58 |
| 5 | 11.9 | 6:01 | 5:57 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 5:57 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 5:57 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:57 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:56 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:56 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:56 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:55 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:54 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 5:55 | 5:54 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 5:55 | 5:54 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 5:54 | 5:54 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:54 | 5:53 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:53 | 5:53 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:53 | 5:53 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:52 | 5:53 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:52 | 5:52 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 5:51 | 5:52 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 5:51 | 5:52 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 5:51 | 5:52 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 5:50 | 5:51 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 5:50 | 5:51 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 5:49 | 5:51 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.02 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.22 kWh/m² to a high of 6.13 kWh/m² in October across the year — September's 6.02 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 11 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 12 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.2 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Penalva
None of Penalva's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Penalva's monsoon runs January–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is September a good time to visit Penalva?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Penalva for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Penalva in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Penalva sees daytime highs around 33°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Penalva in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Penalva peaks around March 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 15 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Penalva in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Penalva is worst in November — around 18 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.1× the cleanest month (June, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 18 | 16 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 17 | Moderate |
| Mar | 16 | Moderate |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 10 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 9 | Good |
| Aug | 10 | Good |
| Sep | 9 | Good |
| Oct | 13 | Moderate |
| Nov | 18 | Moderate |
| Dec | 16 | Moderate |
Where is Penalva?
Penalva sits at 3.3°S, 45.2°W, 17 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Cajari, 18 km away.
Topography around Penalva
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Penalva.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Penalva has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 26 m around an average of 8 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 71 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 169 m.
The land around Penalva is covered by water (32%) and grassland (30%) within 3 km, trees (39%), grassland (30%) and wetland (20%) within 16 km, and grassland (49%) and trees (37%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Penalva (-3.2942°, -45.1736°, elevation 17 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).