Climate and average weather in São Marcos
In São Marcos, the summers are warm, wet, and partly cloudy and the winters are mild and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in São Marcos typically varies from 7°C to 26°C, and is rarely below -0°C or above 30°C. January is the hottest month of the year, while July is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit São Marcos for warm-weather activities are from early February to late June and mid July to late January.
- Hottest
- Jan
- 26°
- Coldest
- Jul
- 7°
- Wettest
- Oct
- 210 mm
- Driest
- Apr
- 125 mm
- Rain / yr
- 1883 mm
- 159 wet days
- Daylight
- 10.1–13.9 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 741 m
- 29.0°S
- Clearest
- Aug
- 53% cloud
São Marcos is human settlement in Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
São Marcos weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid July to late January.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in São Marcos, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.3 months, from November 16 to March 27, with daily high temperatures above 24°C. The hottest month of the year in São Marcos is January, with an average high of 26°C and low of 17°C.
The cool season lasts 2.8 months, from May 17 to August 9, with daily high temperatures below 18°C. The coldest month of the year in São Marcos is July, with an average low of 7°C and high of 17°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26 | 17 |
| Feb | 26 | 16 |
| Mar | 25 | 15 |
| Apr | 22 | 13 |
| May | 19 | 10 |
| Jun | 17 | 8 |
| Jul | 17 | 7 |
| Aug | 19 | 8 |
| Sep | 20 | 10 |
| Oct | 22 | 12 |
| Nov | 24 | 13 |
| Dec | 26 | 15 |
Average hourly temperature in São Marcos
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on January afternoons, near 26°C, and coldest before dawn in July, near 7°C.
São Marcos weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 17° | 182 | 18 | 13.6 | 5.4 |
| Feb | 26° / 16° | 160 | 17.3 | 13 | 5.3 |
| Mar | 25° / 15° | 142 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 6.1 |
| Apr | 22° / 13° | 125 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 6.4 |
| May | 19° / 10° | 140 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 17° / 8° | 136 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 5.4 |
| Jul | 17° / 7° | 168 | 11 | 10.3 | 5.3 |
| Aug | 19° / 8° | 128 | 10.2 | 11 | 6.2 |
| Sep | 20° / 10° | 167 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 5.9 |
| Oct | 22° / 12° | 210 | 14.5 | 12.7 | 5.9 |
| Nov | 24° / 13° | 154 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 6.4 |
| Dec | 26° / 15° | 172 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 5.9 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
São Marcos gets about 1883 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.1 months, from around Sep 21 to Mar 25, peaking in February at about 62% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Aug 14.
October is the wettest month by volume, with 210 mm over about 15 wet days; April is the driest, with 125 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 58 | 61 | 47 | 38 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 33 | 41 | 47 | 45 | 50 |
| Rain days | 18 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 16 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 58 | 18 |
| Feb | 61 | 17 |
| Mar | 47 | 15 |
| Apr | 38 | 11 |
| May | 34 | 10 |
| Jun | 35 | 11 |
| Jul | 36 | 11 |
| Aug | 33 | 10 |
| Sep | 41 | 12 |
| Oct | 47 | 15 |
| Nov | 45 | 13 |
| Dec | 50 | 16 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, São Marcos collects about 1883 mm of rain across 159 wet days — roughly 157 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. October is the wettest month with 210 mm, while April is the driest at just 125 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 30% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 182 | 160 | 142 | 125 | 140 | 136 | 168 | 128 | 167 | 210 | 154 | 172 |
| Rain days | 18 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 16 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 182 | 18 |
| Feb | 160 | 17 |
| Mar | 142 | 15 |
| Apr | 125 | 11 |
| May | 140 | 10 |
| Jun | 136 | 11 |
| Jul | 168 | 11 |
| Aug | 128 | 10 |
| Sep | 167 | 12 |
| Oct | 210 | 15 |
| Nov | 154 | 13 |
| Dec | 172 | 16 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In São Marcos, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows moderate seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around July 1 and lasts for 2.3 months, ending around September 8. The clearest month is August, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 52% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around September 9 and lasts for 2.0 months, ending around November 8. The cloudiest month is October, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 63% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 43 | 42 | 46 | 47 | 44 | 44 | 49 | 52 | 43 | 37 | 47 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 57 | 58 | 54 | 53 | 56 | 56 | 51 | 48 | 57 | 63 | 53 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 43 | 57 |
| Feb | 42 | 58 |
| Mar | 46 | 54 |
| Apr | 47 | 53 |
| May | 44 | 56 |
| Jun | 44 | 56 |
| Jul | 49 | 51 |
| Aug | 52 | 48 |
| Sep | 43 | 57 |
| Oct | 37 | 63 |
| Nov | 47 | 53 |
| Dec | 47 | 53 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around December 20, brings about 13 h 54 min of light; the shortest, around June 21, only 10 h 06 min — a swing of roughly 3 h 48 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.6 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 13.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:44 | 7:08 | 7:27 | 7:45 | 8:04 | 8:20 | 8:20 | 8:00 | 7:24 | 6:48 | 6:25 | 6:25 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:23 | 8:10 | 7:40 | 7:04 | 6:37 | 6:29 | 6:39 | 6:57 | 7:13 | 7:31 | 7:54 | 8:16 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13.6 | 6:44 | 8:23 |
| Feb | 13.0 | 7:08 | 8:10 |
| Mar | 12.2 | 7:27 | 7:40 |
| Apr | 11.3 | 7:45 | 7:04 |
| May | 10.6 | 8:04 | 6:37 |
| Jun | 10.2 | 8:20 | 6:29 |
| Jul | 10.3 | 8:20 | 6:39 |
| Aug | 11.0 | 8:00 | 6:57 |
| Sep | 11.8 | 7:24 | 7:13 |
| Oct | 12.7 | 6:48 | 7:31 |
| Nov | 13.4 | 6:25 | 7:54 |
| Dec | 13.8 | 6:25 | 8:16 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
São Marcos averages about 9 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 6 and 13 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 3.9 months, from around May 24 to Sep 18. The sunniest month is August, with roughly 12 sunny days (mixed).
The greyest month is February, down near 6 sunny days — about 48% fewer than the August peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 7 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 6 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 8 | Mixed |
| Apr | 9 | Mixed |
| May | 10 | Mixed |
| Jun | 9 | Mixed |
| Jul | 12 | Mixed |
| Aug | 13 | Mixed |
| Sep | 9 | Mixed |
| Oct | 8 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 10 | Mixed |
| Dec | 9 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In São Marcos, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 5.4 months, from around November 5 to April 18. The muggiest month is January, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 77% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around April 19 to November 4, and July is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 5 | 5 | 10 | 35 | 68 | 79 | 86 | 80 | 65 | 44 | 34 | 14 |
| Comfortable (%) | 18 | 19 | 28 | 32 | 25 | 19 | 14 | 18 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 27 |
| Humid (%) | 40 | 36 | 41 | 29 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 24 | 29 | 38 |
| Muggy (%) | 37 | 39 | 21 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 20 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | 18 | 40 | 37 |
| Feb | 5 | 19 | 36 | 39 |
| Mar | 10 | 28 | 41 | 21 |
| Apr | 35 | 32 | 29 | 5 |
| May | 68 | 25 | 7 | 0 |
| Jun | 79 | 19 | 2 | 0 |
| Jul | 86 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 80 | 18 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 65 | 28 | 7 | 0 |
| Oct | 44 | 30 | 24 | 2 |
| Nov | 34 | 31 | 29 | 6 |
| Dec | 14 | 27 | 38 | 20 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in São Marcos is steady company: average speeds sit near 10 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | calm |
| Feb | 9 | calm |
| Mar | 9 | calm |
| Apr | 9 | calm |
| May | 9 | calm |
| Jun | 10 | calm |
| Jul | 10 | calm |
| Aug | 10 | calm |
| Sep | 11 | calm |
| Oct | 10 | calm |
| Nov | 10 | calm |
| Dec | 10 | calm |
Best time to visit São Marcos
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in São Marcos throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late July, São Marcos is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit São Marcos for general outdoor tourist activities run from early February to late June and again from mid July to late January, with a peak score in the first week of April.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 5.4 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| Rating | fair | fair | good | good | good | fair | fair | good | good | good | good | good |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.4 | fair |
| Feb | 5.3 | fair |
| Mar | 6.1 | good |
| Apr | 6.4 | good |
| May | 5.9 | good |
| Jun | 5.4 | fair |
| Jul | 5.4 | fair |
| Aug | 6.2 | good |
| Sep | 5.9 | good |
| Oct | 5.9 | good |
| Nov | 6.3 | good |
| Dec | 5.9 | good |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit São Marcos for hot-weather activities is from late October to mid April, with a peak score in the last week of November.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for São Marcos, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around January (highs near 26°C), the essentials are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. In the cold season around July (highs near 17°C), pack a warm layer and rain gear.
In January, São Marcos sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 17°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 18 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in São Marcos by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in São Marcos peaks around January 17 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 5 | High |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in São Marcos
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in January the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 9 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 7 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 9 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7 | 8.5 | 9 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 7 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 7 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | 7 |
| Feb | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Mar | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Apr | 6.5 | 4 |
| May | 4.5 | 0 |
| Jun | 3.5 | 0 |
| Jul | 4 | 0 |
| Aug | 5.5 | 0 |
| Sep | 6.5 | 4 |
| Oct | 7 | 4.5 |
| Nov | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Dec | 9 | 7 |
Air quality in São Marcos by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in São Marcos is worst in August — around 22 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.4× the cleanest month (February, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 18 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Good |
| Feb | 9 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 11 | Good |
| May | 12 | Moderate |
| Jun | 12 | Good |
| Jul | 15 | Moderate |
| Aug | 22 | Moderate |
| Sep | 18 | Moderate |
| Oct | 12 | Good |
| Nov | 11 | Good |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Growing season
São Marcos is mild enough that a frost-free day stays more likely than not even in midwinter.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 95 | 92 | 97 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 99 | 0 |
| Jun | 95 | 0 |
| Jul | 92 | 17 |
| Aug | 97 | 0 |
| Sep | 99 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. São Marcos banks about 2,519 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 353 | 311 | 309 | 221 | 124 | 74 | 59 | 113 | 151 | 218 | 258 | 327 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 353 |
| Feb | 311 |
| Mar | 309 |
| Apr | 221 |
| May | 124 |
| Jun | 74 |
| Jul | 59 |
| Aug | 113 |
| Sep | 151 |
| Oct | 218 |
| Nov | 258 |
| Dec | 327 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
São Marcos receives about 4.5 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 2.5 and 6.4 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.0 months, from around Sep 26 to Mar 26. The brightest month is December, averaging about 6.3 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is June, down near 2.6 kWh/m² — roughly 59% less than the December peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.0 | Intense |
| Feb | 5.5 | Bright |
| Mar | 4.8 | Bright |
| Apr | 3.9 | Moderate |
| May | 2.9 | Moderate |
| Jun | 2.6 | Moderate |
| Jul | 2.8 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Sep | 4.3 | Bright |
| Oct | 5.0 | Bright |
| Nov | 6.1 | Intense |
| Dec | 6.3 | Intense |
Where is São Marcos?
São Marcos sits at 29.0°S, 51.1°W, 741 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Flores da Cunha, 13 km away.
Topography around São Marcos
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of São Marcos.
Within 3 km, the terrain around São Marcos has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 399 m around an average of 750 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 716 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,135 m.
The land around São Marcos is covered by trees (55%) and grassland (27%) within 3 km, trees (65%) and grassland (30%) within 16 km, and trees (59%) and grassland (24%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for São Marcos (-28.9711°, -51.0681°, elevation 741 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).