Colina weather in June
In June, Colina sees average daytime highs of 15°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 116 mm of precipitation across 7.9 wet days and about 9.8 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 hours at the start of June to 9 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Colina's 12th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Colina's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 15°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 116 mm
- 7.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 48 min
- 8:48 AM – 6:37 PM
- Cloud cover
- 57%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.54 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.8
- out of 10
Temperature in June
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month.
A typical June day in Colina reaches about 15°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 3°C cooler than May and on par with July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 6 |
| 2 | 16 | 6 |
| 3 | 16 | 6 |
| 4 | 16 | 6 |
| 5 | 16 | 6 |
| 6 | 16 | 6 |
| 7 | 16 | 6 |
| 8 | 16 | 6 |
| 9 | 15 | 6 |
| 10 | 15 | 6 |
| 11 | 15 | 6 |
| 12 | 15 | 5 |
| 13 | 15 | 5 |
| 14 | 15 | 5 |
| 15 | 15 | 5 |
| 16 | 15 | 5 |
| 17 | 15 | 5 |
| 18 | 15 | 5 |
| 19 | 15 | 5 |
| 20 | 15 | 5 |
| 21 | 15 | 5 |
| 22 | 15 | 5 |
| 23 | 15 | 5 |
| 24 | 15 | 5 |
| 25 | 15 | 5 |
| 26 | 15 | 5 |
| 27 | 14 | 5 |
| 28 | 14 | 5 |
| 29 | 14 | 5 |
| 30 | 14 | 5 |
Colina weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 11th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 16° | 8 | 2 | 13.9 | 7.8 |
| Feb | 28° / 16° | 9 | 1.8 | 13.2 | 8.2 |
| Mar | 26° / 14° | 14 | 1.9 | 12.3 | 8.8 |
| Apr | 22° / 11° | 39 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 8.1 |
| May | 18° / 8° | 81 | 7 | 10.3 | 6.3 |
| Jun | 15° / 5° | 116 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 4.8 |
| Jul | 15° / 5° | 96 | 8.2 | 10 | 4.6 |
| Aug | 16° / 6° | 99 | 8.9 | 10.8 | 5.2 |
| Sep | 18° / 7° | 77 | 9.9 | 11.8 | 5.9 |
| Oct | 20° / 10° | 59 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 6.8 |
| Nov | 24° / 12° | 28 | 4.7 | 13.7 | 8.3 |
| Dec | 27° / 14° | 13 | 2.2 | 14.2 | 8.6 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in June, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47 | 53 |
| 2 | 47 | 53 |
| 3 | 47 | 53 |
| 4 | 47 | 53 |
| 5 | 46 | 54 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 47 | 53 |
| 9 | 46 | 54 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 45 | 55 |
| 13 | 44 | 56 |
| 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 15 | 43 | 57 |
| 16 | 43 | 57 |
| 17 | 42 | 58 |
| 18 | 43 | 57 |
| 19 | 43 | 57 |
| 20 | 42 | 58 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 45 | 55 |
| 23 | 45 | 55 |
| 24 | 45 | 55 |
| 25 | 45 | 55 |
| 26 | 46 | 54 |
| 27 | 46 | 54 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 47 | 53 |
| 30 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Colina gets around 116 mm of rain and snow over 7.9 wet days in June, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 27% and peaks near 28% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 26 |
| 2 | 26 |
| 3 | 26 |
| 4 | 25 |
| 5 | 25 |
| 6 | 25 |
| 7 | 26 |
| 8 | 26 |
| 9 | 26 |
| 10 | 27 |
| 11 | 27 |
| 12 | 28 |
| 13 | 28 |
| 14 | 28 |
| 15 | 28 |
| 16 | 28 |
| 17 | 28 |
| 18 | 28 |
| 19 | 28 |
| 20 | 28 |
| 21 | 28 |
| 22 | 28 |
| 23 | 27 |
| 24 | 27 |
| 25 | 27 |
| 26 | 27 |
| 27 | 27 |
| 28 | 27 |
| 29 | 27 |
| 30 | 27 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in June
Winds average 5 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 10 hours at the start of June to 9 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 8:41 AM to 8:51 AM, and sunset from 6:39 PM to 6:41 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:41 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:44 | 8:44 | 8:45 | 8:45 | 8:46 | 8:46 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:50 | 8:50 | 8:50 | 8:50 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.0 | 8:41 | 6:39 |
| 2 | 10.0 | 8:42 | 6:39 |
| 3 | 9.9 | 8:42 | 6:39 |
| 4 | 9.9 | 8:43 | 6:39 |
| 5 | 9.9 | 8:43 | 6:38 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 8:44 | 6:38 |
| 7 | 9.9 | 8:44 | 6:38 |
| 8 | 9.9 | 8:45 | 6:38 |
| 9 | 9.9 | 8:45 | 6:38 |
| 10 | 9.9 | 8:46 | 6:38 |
| 11 | 9.9 | 8:46 | 6:37 |
| 12 | 9.8 | 8:47 | 6:37 |
| 13 | 9.8 | 8:47 | 6:37 |
| 14 | 9.8 | 8:48 | 6:37 |
| 15 | 9.8 | 8:48 | 6:37 |
| 16 | 9.8 | 8:48 | 6:37 |
| 17 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:38 |
| 18 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:38 |
| 19 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:38 |
| 20 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:38 |
| 21 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:38 |
| 22 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:38 |
| 23 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:38 |
| 24 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:39 |
| 25 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:39 |
| 26 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:39 |
| 27 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:40 |
| 28 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:40 |
| 29 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:40 |
| 30 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:41 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 2.54 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.54 kWh/m² to a high of 8.91 kWh/m² in December across the year — June's 2.54 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.6 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Colina
In June, Colina sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Colina's rainy season runs May–October, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is June a good time to visit Colina?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is a reasonable time to visit Colina for sightseeing.
What to pack for Colina in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Colina sees daytime highs around 15°C and nights near 5°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Colina in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 3. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Colina peaks around January 18 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 10 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Very high |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Colina in June
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where June falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Colina is worst in July — around 118 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 4.8× the cleanest month (January, 25 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 25 | 28 | 41 | 58 | 84 | 104 | 118 | 102 | 82 | 55 | 36 | 26 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25 | Moderate |
| Feb | 28 | Moderate |
| Mar | 41 | Poor |
| Apr | 58 | Unhealthy |
| May | 84 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 104 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 118 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 102 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 82 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 55 | Poor |
| Nov | 36 | Poor |
| Dec | 26 | Moderate |
Where is Colina?
Colina sits at 33.2°S, 70.7°W, 599 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Chicureo, 9.0 km away.
Topography around Colina
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Colina.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Colina has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 250 m around an average of 593 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,060 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,033 m.
The land around Colina is covered by artificial surfaces (27%) and cropland (25%) within 3 km, grassland (32%) and shrubs (30%) within 16 km, and shrubs (29%), bare terrain (26%) and grassland (21%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Colina (-33.2044°, -70.6747°, elevation 599 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).