Paine weather in June
In June, Paine sees average daytime highs of 15°C and overnight lows near 3°C, with 126 mm of precipitation across 7.8 wet days and about 9.8 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 33% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 54 min at the start of June to 9 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Paine's 12th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Paine's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 15°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 3°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 126 mm
- 7.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 48 min
- 8:50 AM – 6:36 PM
- Cloud cover
- 59%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.35 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.8
- out of 10
Paine is settlement in Chile.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in June
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month.
A typical June day in Paine reaches about 15°C in the afternoon and slips back to 3°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 3°C cooler than May and on par with July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 4 |
| 2 | 16 | 4 |
| 3 | 16 | 4 |
| 4 | 16 | 4 |
| 5 | 16 | 4 |
| 6 | 16 | 4 |
| 7 | 16 | 4 |
| 8 | 16 | 4 |
| 9 | 15 | 4 |
| 10 | 15 | 4 |
| 11 | 15 | 4 |
| 12 | 15 | 4 |
| 13 | 15 | 3 |
| 14 | 15 | 3 |
| 15 | 15 | 3 |
| 16 | 15 | 3 |
| 17 | 15 | 3 |
| 18 | 15 | 3 |
| 19 | 15 | 3 |
| 20 | 15 | 3 |
| 21 | 15 | 3 |
| 22 | 15 | 3 |
| 23 | 15 | 3 |
| 24 | 15 | 3 |
| 25 | 15 | 3 |
| 26 | 15 | 3 |
| 27 | 15 | 3 |
| 28 | 14 | 3 |
| 29 | 14 | 3 |
| 30 | 14 | 3 |
Paine weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 11th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 15° | 3 | 0.9 | 14 | 7.7 |
| Feb | 28° / 15° | 4 | 1 | 13.3 | 8.3 |
| Mar | 26° / 13° | 7 | 1.1 | 12.3 | 8.9 |
| Apr | 22° / 9° | 29 | 3.1 | 11.2 | 8.2 |
| May | 18° / 6° | 70 | 6 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 15° / 3° | 126 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 4.8 |
| Jul | 15° / 3° | 94 | 7.2 | 10 | 4.7 |
| Aug | 16° / 4° | 83 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 18° / 6° | 57 | 7.2 | 11.8 | 6.4 |
| Oct | 21° / 8° | 38 | 5.2 | 12.9 | 7.4 |
| Nov | 24° / 11° | 15 | 2.8 | 13.8 | 8.7 |
| Dec | 27° / 13° | 7 | 1.2 | 14.2 | 8.6 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 33% of the time in June, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 56%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47 | 53 |
| 2 | 47 | 53 |
| 3 | 47 | 53 |
| 4 | 47 | 53 |
| 5 | 47 | 53 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 45 | 55 |
| 8 | 45 | 55 |
| 9 | 45 | 55 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 44 | 56 |
| 13 | 43 | 57 |
| 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 15 | 43 | 57 |
| 16 | 42 | 58 |
| 17 | 41 | 59 |
| 18 | 41 | 59 |
| 19 | 42 | 58 |
| 20 | 42 | 58 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 44 | 56 |
| 25 | 44 | 56 |
| 26 | 44 | 56 |
| 27 | 45 | 55 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 47 | 53 |
| 30 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Paine gets around 126 mm of rain and snow over 7.8 wet days in June, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 26% and peaks near 28% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 25 |
| 2 | 24 |
| 3 | 24 |
| 4 | 24 |
| 5 | 24 |
| 6 | 24 |
| 7 | 25 |
| 8 | 25 |
| 9 | 26 |
| 10 | 26 |
| 11 | 26 |
| 12 | 27 |
| 13 | 27 |
| 14 | 28 |
| 15 | 28 |
| 16 | 28 |
| 17 | 28 |
| 18 | 28 |
| 19 | 28 |
| 20 | 28 |
| 21 | 28 |
| 22 | 28 |
| 23 | 27 |
| 24 | 27 |
| 25 | 26 |
| 26 | 26 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 25 |
| 29 | 25 |
| 30 | 25 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in June
Winds average 5 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 9 h 54 min at the start of June to 9 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 8:43 AM to 8:53 AM, and sunset from 6:38 PM to 6:39 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:44 | 8:45 | 8:45 | 8:46 | 8:46 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:50 | 8:50 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:52 | 8:52 | 8:52 | 8:52 | 8:53 | 8:53 | 8:53 | 8:53 | 8:53 | 8:53 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.9 | 8:43 | 6:38 |
| 2 | 9.9 | 8:43 | 6:38 |
| 3 | 9.9 | 8:44 | 6:38 |
| 4 | 9.9 | 8:45 | 6:37 |
| 5 | 9.9 | 8:45 | 6:37 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 8:46 | 6:37 |
| 7 | 9.8 | 8:46 | 6:37 |
| 8 | 9.8 | 8:47 | 6:37 |
| 9 | 9.8 | 8:47 | 6:36 |
| 10 | 9.8 | 8:48 | 6:36 |
| 11 | 9.8 | 8:48 | 6:36 |
| 12 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:36 |
| 13 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:36 |
| 14 | 9.8 | 8:49 | 6:36 |
| 15 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:36 |
| 16 | 9.8 | 8:50 | 6:36 |
| 17 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:36 |
| 18 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:36 |
| 19 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:36 |
| 20 | 9.8 | 8:51 | 6:37 |
| 21 | 9.8 | 8:52 | 6:37 |
| 22 | 9.7 | 8:52 | 6:37 |
| 23 | 9.7 | 8:52 | 6:37 |
| 24 | 9.8 | 8:52 | 6:37 |
| 25 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:38 |
| 26 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:38 |
| 27 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:38 |
| 28 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:39 |
| 29 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:39 |
| 30 | 9.8 | 8:53 | 6:39 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 2.35 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.35 kWh/m² to a high of 8.83 kWh/m² in December across the year — June's 2.35 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.4 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Paine
In June, Paine sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Paine's rainy season runs May–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is June a good time to visit Paine?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is a reasonable time to visit Paine for sightseeing.
What to pack for Paine in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Paine sees daytime highs around 15°C and nights near 3°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Paine in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 3. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Paine peaks around January 16 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near May 24 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 10 | Very high |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 9 | Very high |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Paine in June
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where June falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Paine is worst in July — around 108 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.9× the cleanest month (December, 28 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 30 | 31 | 41 | 56 | 80 | 96 | 108 | 95 | 78 | 55 | 35 | 28 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | Moderate |
| Feb | 31 | Moderate |
| Mar | 41 | Poor |
| Apr | 56 | Unhealthy |
| May | 80 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 96 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 108 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 95 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 78 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 55 | Poor |
| Nov | 35 | Poor |
| Dec | 28 | Moderate |
Where is Paine?
Paine sits at 33.8°S, 70.7°W, 407 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Buin, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Paine
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Paine.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Paine has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 61 m around an average of 399 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,400 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,085 m.
The land around Paine is covered by cropland (36%) and artificial surfaces (22%) within 3 km, shrubs (31%) and cropland (29%) within 16 km, and shrubs (24%), grassland (22%) and bare terrain (21%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Paine (-33.808°, -70.7411°, elevation 407 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).