Candelaria weather in September
In September, Candelaria sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 752 mm of rain across 29.8 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in September, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Candelaria's 8th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Candelaria's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 14°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 752 mm
- 29.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 5:59 AM – 6:00 PM
- Cloud cover
- 93%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.7 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical September day in Candelaria reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 21°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs on par with August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 14 |
| 2 | 23 | 14 |
| 3 | 23 | 14 |
| 4 | 23 | 14 |
| 5 | 23 | 14 |
| 6 | 23 | 14 |
| 7 | 23 | 14 |
| 8 | 23 | 14 |
| 9 | 23 | 14 |
| 10 | 23 | 14 |
| 11 | 23 | 14 |
| 12 | 22 | 14 |
| 13 | 22 | 14 |
| 14 | 22 | 14 |
| 15 | 22 | 14 |
| 16 | 22 | 14 |
| 17 | 22 | 14 |
| 18 | 22 | 14 |
| 19 | 22 | 14 |
| 20 | 22 | 14 |
| 21 | 22 | 14 |
| 22 | 22 | 15 |
| 23 | 22 | 15 |
| 24 | 22 | 15 |
| 25 | 22 | 15 |
| 26 | 22 | 15 |
| 27 | 22 | 15 |
| 28 | 22 | 15 |
| 29 | 22 | 15 |
| 30 | 22 | 15 |
Candelaria weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 10th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23° / 14° | 495 | 29.2 | 11.8 | 3.7 |
| Feb | 23° / 15° | 565 | 27 | 11.9 | 3.6 |
| Mar | 23° / 15° | 685 | 29.4 | 12 | 3.6 |
| Apr | 23° / 16° | 703 | 28.9 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
| May | 23° / 16° | 650 | 30.1 | 12.2 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 23° / 15° | 604 | 29.2 | 12.2 | 3.5 |
| Jul | 23° / 14° | 630 | 29.8 | 12.2 | 3.5 |
| Aug | 23° / 14° | 703 | 29.8 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
| Sep | 22° / 14° | 752 | 29.8 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Oct | 22° / 15° | 729 | 30.3 | 11.9 | 3.4 |
| Nov | 22° / 15° | 706 | 29.1 | 11.8 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 23° / 15° | 623 | 29.4 | 11.8 | 3.6 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 1% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 99%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cloudier (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 99 |
| 2 | 1 | 99 |
| 3 | 1 | 99 |
| 4 | 1 | 99 |
| 5 | 1 | 99 |
| 6 | 1 | 99 |
| 7 | 1 | 99 |
| 8 | 1 | 99 |
| 9 | 1 | 99 |
| 10 | 1 | 99 |
| 11 | 1 | 99 |
| 12 | 1 | 99 |
| 13 | 1 | 99 |
| 14 | 1 | 99 |
| 15 | 1 | 99 |
| 16 | 1 | 99 |
| 17 | 1 | 99 |
| 18 | 1 | 99 |
| 19 | 1 | 99 |
| 20 | 1 | 99 |
| 21 | 1 | 99 |
| 22 | 1 | 99 |
| 23 | 1 | 99 |
| 24 | 1 | 99 |
| 25 | 1 | 99 |
| 26 | 1 | 99 |
| 27 | 1 | 99 |
| 28 | 0 | 100 |
| 29 | 0 | 100 |
| 30 | 0 | 100 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Candelaria gets around 752 mm of rain over 29.8 wet days in September, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 99% and peaks near 100% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 98 |
| 2 | 98 |
| 3 | 98 |
| 4 | 98 |
| 5 | 98 |
| 6 | 98 |
| 7 | 98 |
| 8 | 98 |
| 9 | 98 |
| 10 | 98 |
| 11 | 98 |
| 12 | 99 |
| 13 | 99 |
| 14 | 99 |
| 15 | 99 |
| 16 | 99 |
| 17 | 99 |
| 18 | 99 |
| 19 | 99 |
| 20 | 99 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 99 |
| 27 | 99 |
| 28 | 99 |
| 29 | 99 |
| 30 | 99 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the humid band about 59% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 42 | 40 | 39 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 |
| Humid (%) | 43 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 57 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | 43 |
| 2 | 56 | 44 |
| 3 | 56 | 44 |
| 4 | 55 | 45 |
| 5 | 54 | 46 |
| 6 | 53 | 47 |
| 7 | 52 | 48 |
| 8 | 50 | 50 |
| 9 | 49 | 51 |
| 10 | 48 | 52 |
| 11 | 46 | 54 |
| 12 | 45 | 55 |
| 13 | 43 | 57 |
| 14 | 42 | 58 |
| 15 | 40 | 60 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 37 | 63 |
| 18 | 36 | 64 |
| 19 | 35 | 65 |
| 20 | 34 | 66 |
| 21 | 33 | 67 |
| 22 | 33 | 67 |
| 23 | 32 | 68 |
| 24 | 32 | 68 |
| 25 | 32 | 68 |
| 26 | 31 | 69 |
| 27 | 31 | 69 |
| 28 | 31 | 69 |
| 29 | 31 | 69 |
| 30 | 32 | 68 |
Wind in September
Winds average 6 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:03 AM to 5:55 AM, and sunset from 6:07 PM to 5:54 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:03 | 6:07 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:03 | 6:07 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:03 | 6:06 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:06 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:05 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:05 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:04 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:04 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:04 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:03 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:03 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:02 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:02 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:01 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:01 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:00 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:00 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:59 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:58 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:58 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:57 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:57 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:57 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:56 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:54 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 5:55 | 5:54 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.7 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.01 kWh/m² to a high of 4.94 kWh/m² in February across the year — September's 4.7 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.5 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Candelaria?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Candelaria.
What to pack for Candelaria in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Candelaria sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 14°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 30 days see rain.
UV index in Candelaria in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Candelaria peaks around March 13 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near August 11 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Candelaria in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Candelaria is worst in March — around 22 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.6× the cleanest month (November, 13 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 18 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 16 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Moderate |
| Feb | 20 | Moderate |
| Mar | 22 | Moderate |
| Apr | 20 | Moderate |
| May | 18 | Moderate |
| Jun | 18 | Moderate |
| Jul | 19 | Moderate |
| Aug | 18 | Moderate |
| Sep | 18 | Moderate |
| Oct | 15 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 16 | Moderate |
Where is Candelaria?
Candelaria sits at 3.4°N, 76.3°W, 977 m above sea level, in Colombia. The nearest listed city is Pradera, 12 km away.
Topography around Candelaria
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Candelaria.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Candelaria has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 27 m around an average of 976 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 403 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 5,339 m.
The land around Candelaria is covered by cropland (68%) and trees (21%) within 3 km, cropland (53%) and trees (29%) within 16 km, and trees (71%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.
Colombia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 240 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,562
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 74%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 15.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 480
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Candelaria (3.4067°, -76.3482°, elevation 977 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).