Padua weather in November
In November, Padua sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 376 mm of rain across 26.9 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in November, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 48 min at the start of November to 11 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Padua's 8th-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Padua's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 376 mm
- 26.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 5:53 AM – 5:39 PM
- Cloud cover
- 89%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 12th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.41 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.7
- out of 10
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month.
A typical November day in Padua reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 19°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 12 |
| 2 | 21 | 12 |
| 3 | 21 | 12 |
| 4 | 21 | 12 |
| 5 | 21 | 12 |
| 6 | 21 | 12 |
| 7 | 21 | 12 |
| 8 | 21 | 12 |
| 9 | 21 | 12 |
| 10 | 21 | 12 |
| 11 | 21 | 12 |
| 12 | 21 | 12 |
| 13 | 21 | 12 |
| 14 | 21 | 12 |
| 15 | 21 | 12 |
| 16 | 21 | 12 |
| 17 | 21 | 12 |
| 18 | 21 | 12 |
| 19 | 21 | 12 |
| 20 | 21 | 12 |
| 21 | 21 | 12 |
| 22 | 21 | 12 |
| 23 | 21 | 12 |
| 24 | 21 | 12 |
| 25 | 21 | 12 |
| 26 | 21 | 12 |
| 27 | 21 | 12 |
| 28 | 21 | 12 |
| 29 | 21 | 12 |
| 30 | 21 | 12 |
Padua weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 12th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21° / 11° | 146 | 15.4 | 11.7 | 5.5 |
| Feb | 22° / 12° | 200 | 17.1 | 11.8 | 5.1 |
| Mar | 22° / 12° | 323 | 24 | 12 | 4.3 |
| Apr | 21° / 12° | 383 | 26.7 | 12.1 | 3.7 |
| May | 22° / 12° | 407 | 29.5 | 12.2 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 22° / 12° | 284 | 26.9 | 12.3 | 3.7 |
| Jul | 22° / 11° | 221 | 25.3 | 12.3 | 4.1 |
| Aug | 23° / 11° | 211 | 23.7 | 12.2 | 4.4 |
| Sep | 22° / 11° | 304 | 25.5 | 12 | 4.0 |
| Oct | 21° / 12° | 397 | 28.1 | 11.9 | 3.6 |
| Nov | 21° / 12° | 376 | 26.9 | 11.8 | 3.7 |
| Dec | 21° / 12° | 228 | 20.6 | 11.7 | 4.7 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 3% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 96%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Cloudier (%) | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 97 |
| 2 | 3 | 97 |
| 3 | 3 | 97 |
| 4 | 3 | 97 |
| 5 | 3 | 97 |
| 6 | 3 | 97 |
| 7 | 3 | 97 |
| 8 | 3 | 97 |
| 9 | 3 | 97 |
| 10 | 3 | 97 |
| 11 | 3 | 97 |
| 12 | 3 | 97 |
| 13 | 3 | 97 |
| 14 | 3 | 97 |
| 15 | 3 | 97 |
| 16 | 4 | 96 |
| 17 | 4 | 96 |
| 18 | 4 | 96 |
| 19 | 4 | 96 |
| 20 | 4 | 96 |
| 21 | 5 | 95 |
| 22 | 5 | 95 |
| 23 | 5 | 95 |
| 24 | 5 | 95 |
| 25 | 5 | 95 |
| 26 | 5 | 95 |
| 27 | 5 | 95 |
| 28 | 5 | 95 |
| 29 | 5 | 95 |
| 30 | 6 | 94 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Padua gets around 376 mm of rain over 26.9 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 89% and peaks near 93% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 92 |
| 2 | 92 |
| 3 | 92 |
| 4 | 93 |
| 5 | 93 |
| 6 | 93 |
| 7 | 93 |
| 8 | 93 |
| 9 | 93 |
| 10 | 93 |
| 11 | 93 |
| 12 | 93 |
| 13 | 92 |
| 14 | 92 |
| 15 | 91 |
| 16 | 90 |
| 17 | 90 |
| 18 | 89 |
| 19 | 88 |
| 20 | 87 |
| 21 | 86 |
| 22 | 86 |
| 23 | 85 |
| 24 | 84 |
| 25 | 83 |
| 26 | 83 |
| 27 | 82 |
| 28 | 81 |
| 29 | 81 |
| 30 | 80 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the comfortable band about 55% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 |
| Comfortable (%) | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49 | 51 |
| 2 | 49 | 51 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 47 | 53 |
| 5 | 47 | 53 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 46 | 54 |
| 8 | 46 | 54 |
| 9 | 45 | 55 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 44 | 56 |
| 13 | 44 | 56 |
| 14 | 44 | 56 |
| 15 | 44 | 56 |
| 16 | 44 | 56 |
| 17 | 44 | 56 |
| 18 | 43 | 57 |
| 19 | 43 | 57 |
| 20 | 43 | 57 |
| 21 | 43 | 57 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 43 | 57 |
| 25 | 43 | 57 |
| 26 | 44 | 56 |
| 27 | 45 | 55 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 47 | 53 |
| 30 | 47 | 53 |
Wind in November
Winds average 3 km/h in November, the calmest month.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 3 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
| 29 | 3 | calm |
| 30 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 11 h 48 min at the start of November to 11 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:50 AM to 5:58 AM, and sunset from 5:39 PM to 5:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:39 |
| 2 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:39 |
| 3 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:38 |
| 4 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:38 |
| 5 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:38 |
| 6 | 11.8 | 5:50 | 5:38 |
| 7 | 11.8 | 5:51 | 5:38 |
| 8 | 11.8 | 5:51 | 5:38 |
| 9 | 11.8 | 5:51 | 5:38 |
| 10 | 11.8 | 5:51 | 5:38 |
| 11 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:38 |
| 12 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:38 |
| 13 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:38 |
| 14 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:38 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 5:53 | 5:39 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 5:53 | 5:39 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 5:53 | 5:39 |
| 18 | 11.8 | 5:54 | 5:39 |
| 19 | 11.8 | 5:54 | 5:39 |
| 20 | 11.8 | 5:54 | 5:39 |
| 21 | 11.7 | 5:55 | 5:39 |
| 22 | 11.7 | 5:55 | 5:40 |
| 23 | 11.7 | 5:55 | 5:40 |
| 24 | 11.7 | 5:56 | 5:40 |
| 25 | 11.7 | 5:56 | 5:40 |
| 26 | 11.7 | 5:57 | 5:41 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 5:57 | 5:41 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 5:57 | 5:41 |
| 29 | 11.7 | 5:58 | 5:41 |
| 30 | 11.7 | 5:58 | 5:42 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 4.41 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.41 kWh/m² to a high of 5.82 kWh/m² in August across the year — November's 4.41 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.5 | Bright |
Is November a good time to visit Padua?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Padua.
What to pack for Padua in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Padua sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 12°C. Pack rain gear. About 27 days see rain.
UV index in Padua in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Padua peaks around February 21 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Padua in November
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Padua is worst in March — around 31 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 22 | 26 | 31 | 27 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 21 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22 | Moderate |
| Feb | 26 | Moderate |
| Mar | 31 | Moderate |
| Apr | 27 | Moderate |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 20 | Moderate |
| Aug | 23 | Moderate |
| Sep | 24 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 20 | Moderate |
| Dec | 21 | Moderate |
Where is Padua?
Padua sits at 5.1°N, 75.1°W, 2,041 m above sea level, in Colombia. The nearest listed city is Fresno, 12 km away.
Topography around Padua
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Padua.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Padua has very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,403 m around an average of 1,950 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,902 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 5,107 m.
The land around Padua is covered by trees (78%) and grassland (21%) within 3 km, trees (78%) and grassland (22%) within 16 km, and trees (66%) and grassland (31%) within 80 km.
Colombia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 240 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,562
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 74%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 15.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 480
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Padua (5.1343°, -75.14°, elevation 2,041 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).